scholarly journals Lithium Toxicity in the Setting of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan ◽  
Fatima Khalid ◽  
Zaid Alirhayim ◽  
Syed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Lithium Clearance ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lithium toxicity is known to affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system. Lithium levels have been used in the diagnosis of toxicity and in assessing response to management. There is evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) can increase lithium levels and decrease renal lithium clearance. We present a case of lithium toxicity, which demonstrates this effect and also highlights the fact that lithium levels do not correlate with clinical improvement, especially the neurological deficit.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Riddell ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that may affect both immune compromised and non-immune compromised individuals. It is now recognized that the geographic range of this organism is larger than previously understood, placing more people at risk. Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum may occur after inhalation of conidia that are aerosolized from the filamentous form of the organism in the environment. Clinical syndromes typically associated with histoplasmosis include acute or chronic pneumonia, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or mediastinal fibrosis or lymphadenitis. Disseminated infection can also occur, in which multiple organ systems are affected. In up to 10% of cases, infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with histoplasmosis may occur with or without disseminated infection. In this review, we discuss challenges related to the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis and appropriate treatment strategies that can lead to successful outcomes.

scholarly journals Amenorea Sekunder: Tinjauan dan Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman ◽  
Eddy Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: Secondary amenorrhea occurs when a woman in reproductive age who has experienced menstruation, at a sudden stops menstruating for at least three consecutive months. The basic principle underlying the physiology of menstrual function is composed of multiple organ systems with their appropriate compartments in which the menstrual cycle depends on, as follows: compartment I, disorders of the uterus; compartment II, disorders of the ovary; compartment III, disorders of the anterior pituitary; and compartment IV, disorders of the central nervous system (hypothalamus). Finding the cause of secondary amenorrhoea can be done by doing some tests or trials. Determination of the location of the specific anatomical defect is useful to obtain appropriate treatment according to the cause of amenorrhea.Keywords: secondary amenorrhoeaAbstrak: Dikatakan amenorea sekunder bila seorang wanita usia reproduktif yang pernah mengalami haid, tiba-tiba haidnya berhenti untuk sedikitnya 3 bulan berturut-turut. Prinsip dasar yang mendasari fisiologi dari fungsi menstruasi memungkinkan penyusunan beberapa sistem kompartemen yang tepat di mana siklus menstruasi bergantung, yaitu: kompartemen I gangguan pada uterus, kompartemen II gangguan pada ovarium, kompartemen III gangguan pada hipofisis anterior, dan kompartemen IV gangguan pada sistem saraf pusat (hipotalamus). Gangguan ini sering berhubungan dengan keadaan stres (wanita pengungsi, dipenjara, hidup dalam ketakutan), atlit wanita, atau anoreksia nervosa dan bulimia. Mencari penyebab amenorea dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan beberapa uji atau percobaan. Penentuan lokasi defek anatomis spesifik sangat bermanfaat untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang sesuai dengan penyebab amenore.Kata kunci: amenorea sekunder

scholarly journals Tuberin levels during cellular differentiation in brain development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashaer Abu Khatir ◽  
Gordon Omar Davis ◽  
Mariam Sameem ◽  
Rutu Patel ◽  
Jackie Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tuberin is a member of a large protein complex, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and acts as a sensor for nutrient status regulating protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. Mutations in the Tuberin gene, TSC2, lead to the formation of tumors and developmental defects in many organ systems, including the central nervous system. Tuberin is expressed in the brain throughout development and levels of Tuberin have been found to decrease during neuronal differentiation in cell lines in vitro. Our current work investigates the levels of Tuberin at two stages of embryonic development in vivo, and we study the mRNA and protein levels during a time course using immortalized cell lines in vitro. Our results show that Tuberin levels remain stable in the olfactory bulb but decrease in the Purkinje cell layer during embryonic mouse brain development. We show here that Tuberin levels are higher when cells are cultured as neurospheres, and knockdown of Tuberin results in a reduction in the number of neurospheres. These data provide support for the hypothesis that Tuberin is an important regulator of stemness and the reduction of Tuberin levels might support functional differentiation in the central nervous system. Understanding how Tuberin expression is regulated throughout neural development is essential to fully comprehend the role of this protein in several developmental and neural pathologies.

scholarly journals Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis. Report of a case successfully treated with Itraconazol

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. VILLA ◽  
Angela TOBÓN ◽  
Antonio RESTREPO ◽  
Daniel CALLE ◽  
David S. ROSERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a primary pulmonary infection that often disseminates to other organs and systems. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare and due to the fact that both clinical alertness and establishment of the diagnosis are delayed, the disease progresses causing serious problems. We report here a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM), observed in a 55 year-old male, who consulted due to neurological symptoms (left hemiparesis, paresthesias, right palpebral ptosis, headache, vomiting and tonic clonic seizures) of a month duration. Upon physical examination, an ulcerated granulomatous lesion was observed in the abdomen. To confirm the diagnosis a stereotactic biopsy was taken; additionally, mycological tests from the ulcerated lesion and a bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. In the latter specimens, P. brasiliensis yeast cells were visualized and later on, the brain biopsy revealed the presence of the fungus. Treatment with itraconazole (ITZ) was initiated but clinical improvement was unremarkable; due to the fact that the patient was taking sodium valproate for seizure control, drug interactions were suspected and confirmed by absence of ITZ plasma levels. The latter medication was changed to clonazepam and after several weeks, clinical improvement began to be noticed and was accompanied by diminishing P. brasiliensis antigen and antibody titers. In the PCM endemic areas, CNS involvement should be considered more often and the efficacy of itraconazole therapy should also be taken into consideration.

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
John Vollmerhausen ◽  
Joel White ◽  
Michael D. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extraneural Metastases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multidrug Chemotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Weiss Criteria

Abstract A case is reported in which a desmoplastic medulloblastoma metastasized to the pancreas and to the surrounding soft tissues but did not recur locally or disseminate within the central nervous system. Multidrug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy resulted in a complete remission. In all four previously reported cases of medulloblastoma metastasizing to the pancreas, the diagnosis was not made until the postmortem examination, and all of these patients also had extensive metastases in other organ systems. Modification of the Weiss criteria defining extraneural metastases from tumors of the central nervous system is suggested.

scholarly journals The value of neurohumoral regulation in the outcome of multiple organ failure syndrome in sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
M. A. Leontiev ◽  
A. B. Vodova ◽  
S. V. Kravchuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Neurohumoral Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
And Control

The objective: to present information about potential mechanisms of development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and its potential role in sepsis outcome.Neurohumoral regulation is the most important system that integrates many functions of variable values to achieve the final result that is beneficial for the host. The central nervous system (CNS) is the switch and control mechanism responsible for the functioning of this system. The increasing number of studies indicating the relationship between the development of sepsis and occurrence of qualitative and quantitative changes in the central nervous system suggests that it is the degree of damage to neurohumoral regulation mechanisms at the very beginning of the disease can significantly determine the severity of the course and prognosis of the outcome of multiple organ failure syndrome in sepsis.

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