THE USE OF HEART RATE TELEMETRY FOR DYNAMIC CONTROL OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE DURING COMPUTER TESTING AND BIOFEEDBACK IN KNOWLEDGE WORKERS

Introduction. Increasing information loads can lead to the development of professional stress and work-related illnesses in knowledge workers. The development and implementation of modern methods of control and correction of the functional state of employees in the conditions of activity is relevant. The study aims – to explore the dynamics of the functional state of knowledge workers in the conditions of modeling the cognitive load on the computer and during the training on neurofeedback (NFB) based on the parameters of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Materials and methods. 17 researchers (4 men and 13 women aged 22-63 years (34.8±3.4), with an average work experience of 12.1±3.3 years) participated in the study on the basis of voluntary informed consent. Results. A significant increase in the index of the alpha rhythm was shown by 29.4% of the subjects. It was found that the total power of the spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) is higher, the adaptive risk is lower in the group that successfully passed alpha training (p<0.05). According to the results of continuous personalized heart rate telemetry, the dynamics of the functional state (FS) during the examination was determined for each subject. Conclusion. A significant influence of the state of neurohumoral regulation systems and adaptive reserves of the body on the success of the biofeedback training was established, which is the basis for the development of methodological approaches to the correction of FS, taking into account individual optimal management strategies.

Selecting informative biomarkers for early diagnosis of occupational neurological diseases

Introduction. At present, the patterns of changes in the levels of biomarkers and the relationship of changes in their values with the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the impact of adverse factors of labour activity are not sufficiently studied. The most unresolved issues are the choice of informative laboratory indicators and diagnostic test systems in investigating the impact of physical factors on the working environment (vibration and physical overload) neurohumoral regulation: pituitary-adrenal pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system and hormonal indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine diagnostic hormonal markers and integral indices to identify early changes in the neurohumoral status in the body of workers under the influence of working environment factors. Materials and methods. 330 workers of mining and machine-building enterprises were examined. Of these, 128 people with vibration disease, 45 people - with lumbosacral radiculopathy, combined pathology (vibration disease and lumbosacral radiculopathy) was detected in 60 persons. The preclinical stage (initial signs of diseases) was noted in 97 workers. Laboratory studies included hormones and integral indices of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system, carbohydrate metabolism. To select the diagnostic significance of laboratory biomarkers, diagnostic sensitivity, prenosological value, pathognomonicity, direction, severity, and selectivity of changes in biomarker levels were evaluated. Results. The combined effect of vibration and physical overload on the body of workers was found to have a unidirectional and systemic impact on the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems, increases insulin resistance. The severity of changes in neurohumoral regulation indicators depends on the nature and severity of the occupational neurological disease. The highest diagnostic sensitivity (Df = 72-74%) in vibration disease and its combination with lumbosacral radiculopathy was obtained for pituitary-gonadal hormones and indicators of insulin resistance. The lowest values of Dh are typical for the hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system (no more than 14%). To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, it is most informative to determine the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, as well as the integral pituitary-adrenal index, insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the essential thyroid index can be used. Discussion. The results obtained allowed us to assess the nature of changes in the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems and carbohydrate metabolism and to propose informative laboratory biomarkers reflecting early changes in neurohumoral regulation under the influence of physical factors of the working environment. Conclusions. To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body of workers under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, the most informative is the determination of the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, the integral pituitary-adrenal index, and insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the integral thyroid index can be used.

Effect of ingesting a meal and orthostasis on the regulation of splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and the responsiveness of cardiovascular α1-adrenoceptors

Background: Postprandial orthostasis activates mechanisms of cardiovascular homeostasis in order to maintain normal blood pressure (BP) and adequate blood flow to vital organs. The underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular homeostasis in postprandial orthostasis still require elucidation. Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers were recruited to investigate the effect of an orthostatic challenge (600-head-up-tilt for 20 minutes) on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics before and after ingesting an 800-kilocalorie composite meal. The splanchnic circulation was assessed by ultrasonography of the superior mesenteric and hepatic arteries and portal vein. Systemic hemodynamics were assessed non-invasively by continuous monitoring of BP, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and the pressor response to an intravenous infusion on increasing doses of phenylephrine, an α1-adrenoceptor agonist. Neurohumoral regulation was assessed by spectral analysis of HR and BP, plasma catecholamine and aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity. Results: Postprandial mesenteric hyperemia was associated with an increase in CO, a decrease in SVR and cardiac vagal tone, and reduction in baroreflex sensitivity with no change in sympathetic tone. Arterial α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness was preserved and reduced in hepatic sinusoids. Postprandial orthostasis was associated with a shift of 500 ml of blood from mesenteric to systemic circulation with preserved sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction Conclusions: Meal ingestion provokes cardiovascular hyperdynamism, cardiac vagolysis, and resetting of the baroreflex without activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Meal ingestion also alters α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness in the hepatic sinusoids and participates in the redistribution of blood volume from the mesenteric to the systemic circulation in order to maintain a normal BP during orthostasis.

Pain syndrome in adenomyosis. finding new pathogenesis links and non-hormonal correction opportunities. Literature review

Adenomyosis is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations and is the cause of chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis in 53–80% of cases. Heavy dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis is a key factor that reduces the quality of life and, moreover chronic pain reduces stress resistance and launches the rehabilitation cytokines cascade, which causes exacerbation of endometriosis. Formation of painful syndrome with adenomyosis may be due to: changes in neurohumoral regulation, stimulation of nerves and blood vessels growth and myometrium inflammatory remodeling against the background of circulatory disorders and vascular sclerosis. These processes lead to violation of neuroimmune relationships that determine the increase in the number and sensitivity of nociceptors against the background of the chronic immuno-inflammatory process in endometrials and myometry.Experimental studies have shown that the supraspinal role of the nitric oxide (NO) is to indirect mechanical nociceptive reflexes. The dose-dependent L-arginine role in the pain syndrome formation also was shown; it was found that small doses of L-arginine lead to the activation of nNO-synthase and analgesic effect. Large doses are activated by cotorphine synthase to form a dipeptide of cortorphine (L-tyrosine-L-arginine), which induces the met-enkephalin release and analgesic effect. Individual studies have demonstrated a decrease in the symptoms of urinary pain syndrome during L-arginine treatment, which made it possible to include it into the European Association of Urologists recommendations on the chronic pelvic pain treatment in 2017.Clinical comparative study (2013) of the NO donator (L-arginine) effectiveness in the treatment of endometriosis-associated intermenstrual pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea showed a high efficiency of a 3-month course of combination therapy (dienogest 2 mg + Tivortin 4.2 g). Supplement of basic therapy by NO donator (L-аrginine) has shown a faster reaching the clinical effect on reducing endometriosis-associated symptoms and sustainable maintenance of the result achieved. The multifaceted pharmacological effects of L-arginine directly affect a number of essential factors for the adenomyosis development and progression, which allows using this drug in clinical practice.

ЗМІНИ ХОЛЕЦИСТОКІНІНУ-ПАНКРЕОЗИМІНУ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНИЙ НЕКАМЕНЕВИЙ ХОЛЕЦИСТИТ У ПОЄДНАННІ З НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОЮ ЖИРОВОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ПЕЧІНКИ І СТАБІЛЬНОЮ ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ

Disorders in the system of neurohumoral regulation, gastrointestinal peptide hormones, such as cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), which also acts as a neurotransmitter, are of great importance in the development of the biliary tract pathology. The influence of CCK-PZ on the gallbladder function in patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis in combination with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) remains unexplored.We have examined 60 patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis, among which patients with concomitant NAFLD and SIHD or without comorbidity were distinguished. The lipid spectrum of the blood was determined for all patients, the level of CCK-PZ in the blood serum was determined by the enzyme immunoassay using reagents made by Peninsula Laboratories Inc (USA). A polypositional ultrasound examination of the gallbladder was performed, as well as a fractional multiple moment duodenal intubation. It was found that the combination of chronic acalculous cholecystitis with NAFLD and SIHD is manifested by a significant violation of lipid metabolism, dyslipidemia, an increase in cholesterol of proatherogenic lipoprotein fractions and a deficiency of high density lipoproteins. A decrease in the level of cholecystokinin-pancreosimin in patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis leads to a decrease in the contractility of the gallbladder and an increase in the tone of the sphincter of Oddi. An increase in the level of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol leads to an increase in the flow of lipids into the wall of the gallbladder, which is manifested by its thickening and hypotension of the gallbladder.

Effect of Yoga on Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation: Analysis of Psychophysiological Parameters

Introduction Pranayamic breathing is a process of continuous, regularity of inhalation, holding of breath and exhalation. All venous blood is converted to oxygenated blood . However, does deep breathing in which oxygen is inhaled in large amounts increase oxygen saturation or does the saturation decrease due to anaerobic metabolism associated with yoga? Does the psycho-physiological parameters of stress index, power, vegetative index & regulation, neurohumoral regulation, psycho-emotional state, energy resources, complex index, harmonization, biological age and energies in the spine get affected a"er a yogic intervention? Methods 52 subjects of age range from 15-70 years performed “Yoga module for the Healthy Heart” for 45 minutes at AYUSH, AIIMS, Bhopal. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oximeter a"er initial rest of ten minutes and a"er 45 minutes of yoga. A pilot study was conducted using the DINAMIKA HRV for ten yogic practitioner who were regular in their practice for last 10-15 years. #eir psycho-physiological parameters were measured before and a"er their yogicroutine of 35 to 40 minutes by Dinamika Heart rate variability (HRV) instrument. Results #e readings were analysed using paired t test. #epulse rate dropped from 81.98 ± 13.05 to is 74.98 ± 11.64 at p value <0.0001 indicating a shi" towards parasympathetic dominance. Oxygen saturation dropped from 97.40 +/- 1.11 to 97.21 +/- 1.30 at p value of 0.2736, indicating a shi" to anaerobic metabolism during yoga practice #e psychophysiological parameters of pulse rate, stress index, power, vegetative index & regulation, neurohumoral regulation, psycho-emotional state, energy resources, complex index, harmonization, biological age and energies in the spine were statistically significant post yogic intervention. By the power of will the yogic practitioner is able to draw cosmic energy in the spine which helps to renew it. #e mind is able to overcome strong physical distractions, the body is relaxed and calm. Relaxation is achieved by stilling of muscles, calming and slowing down the activity of heart, respiration and circulation.

The features of the thrombolytics use in the process of the reversal of acute coronary occlusion syndrome

The mechanism of thrombus formation is a coordinated process that is under the control of neurohumoral regulation and is influenced by a variety of external and internal factors. Any disruption in the regulatory system, activation of some factors and inhibition of others can lead to disruption in the coagulation system, affecting both the plasma and platelet links of hemostasis. The activation of platelets against the background of the existing atherosclerosis of the vessels leads to the formation of blood clots, which clog the lumen of the coronary vessels and can lead to acute myocardial infarction. Today it is well known that increased thrombus formation is not only the cause of the development of acute conditions, but also leads to the progression of the disease. The leading role in the initiation of the thrombus formation process is played by platelets, therefore, the use of antiplatelet drugs is an obligatory link in both the treatment and prevention of thrombosis. In this case, the most important is the need to restore blood flow in the coronary vessels, which provide nutrition to the myocardium. In this regard, correctly selected antithrombotic agents can take a worthy place in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular pathology, which is based on ischemic thrombosis.

Atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients.

The article summarizes the main clinical and theoretical data on features of atrial fibrillation (AF) course in combination with diabetes mellitus (DM). The potential relationship between these comorbid conditions is analyzed on the basis of the results of epidemiological and randomized studies, the gender features of the course of AF in this category of patients are assessed. Particular attention is paid to pathogenetic bases of AF development in DM (fibrosis, neurohumoral regulation, impaired energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, genetic factors, electrolyte metabolism disorders).

Jiaji (EX-B2)-Based Electroacupuncture Preconditioning Attenuates Early Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Myocardium

Background. Acupuncture preconditioning was able to reduce the extent of ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at T4-T5 Jiaji (EX-B2) acupoints had cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury. However, the molecular mechanism remains inconclusive. Methods. Wistar rats were pretreated with electroacupuncture for 7 days at the Neiguan (PC6), T4-T5 Jiaji (EX-B2), Yanglingquan (GB34), and Quchi (LI11) acupoints, which belong to different meridians. Then, we investigated the genome-wide gene expression profiles of rats prestimulated at these acupoints after I/R injury. Results. Our study revealed previously unknown cardioprotective roles of T4-T5 Jiaji (EX-B2) acupoints in the I/R progression. The extent of myocardial injury was significantly decreased in the Jiaji group compared with the I/R group. In addition, our data are among the first to link the EA preconditioning at Neiguan (PC6) acupoints and circadian rhythm in the I/R model. Also, for the first time, we explored the meridian and acupoint specificity involved in EA pretreatment at the heart meridian, in which Yanglingquan and Quchi acupoints were selected as the control group for heart-divergent-meridian and nonheart-meridian acupoints. Conclusions. The present study suggested that EA pretreatment at Jiaji alters genome-wide gene expression and protects the rat myocardium against I/R injury, which are most likely through neurohumoral regulation.