Effects of Ethanol upon Organ Systems Other than the Central Nervous System

1983 ◽  
pp. 79-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Tuberin levels during cellular differentiation in brain development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashaer Abu Khatir ◽  
Gordon Omar Davis ◽  
Mariam Sameem ◽  
Rutu Patel ◽  
Jackie Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tuberin is a member of a large protein complex, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and acts as a sensor for nutrient status regulating protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. Mutations in the Tuberin gene, TSC2, lead to the formation of tumors and developmental defects in many organ systems, including the central nervous system. Tuberin is expressed in the brain throughout development and levels of Tuberin have been found to decrease during neuronal differentiation in cell lines in vitro. Our current work investigates the levels of Tuberin at two stages of embryonic development in vivo, and we study the mRNA and protein levels during a time course using immortalized cell lines in vitro. Our results show that Tuberin levels remain stable in the olfactory bulb but decrease in the Purkinje cell layer during embryonic mouse brain development. We show here that Tuberin levels are higher when cells are cultured as neurospheres, and knockdown of Tuberin results in a reduction in the number of neurospheres. These data provide support for the hypothesis that Tuberin is an important regulator of stemness and the reduction of Tuberin levels might support functional differentiation in the central nervous system. Understanding how Tuberin expression is regulated throughout neural development is essential to fully comprehend the role of this protein in several developmental and neural pathologies.

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
John Vollmerhausen ◽  
Joel White ◽  
Michael D. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extraneural Metastases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multidrug Chemotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Weiss Criteria

Abstract A case is reported in which a desmoplastic medulloblastoma metastasized to the pancreas and to the surrounding soft tissues but did not recur locally or disseminate within the central nervous system. Multidrug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy resulted in a complete remission. In all four previously reported cases of medulloblastoma metastasizing to the pancreas, the diagnosis was not made until the postmortem examination, and all of these patients also had extensive metastases in other organ systems. Modification of the Weiss criteria defining extraneural metastases from tumors of the central nervous system is suggested.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Riddell ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that may affect both immune compromised and non-immune compromised individuals. It is now recognized that the geographic range of this organism is larger than previously understood, placing more people at risk. Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum may occur after inhalation of conidia that are aerosolized from the filamentous form of the organism in the environment. Clinical syndromes typically associated with histoplasmosis include acute or chronic pneumonia, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or mediastinal fibrosis or lymphadenitis. Disseminated infection can also occur, in which multiple organ systems are affected. In up to 10% of cases, infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with histoplasmosis may occur with or without disseminated infection. In this review, we discuss challenges related to the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis and appropriate treatment strategies that can lead to successful outcomes.

Atypical Monoclonal Plasma Cell Hyperplasia of the Central Nervous System: Precursor of Plasmacytoma with Evolutionary Considerations

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Weidenheim ◽  
Wallace G. Campbell ◽  
H. Warren Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Kappa Light Chains

Abstract Hematopoietic proliferations rich in plasma cells rarely occur within the central nervous system without the involvement of other organ systems. Depending on their histological pattern and cellular composition, several different terms, including plasmacytoma, plasma cell granuloma, hyalinizing plasmacytic granulomatosis, and inflammatory meningioma, are used for these lesions. We report a left temporal dural lesion composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes, histiocytes, and rare eosinophils with hyaline changes and a suggestion of follicle formation, which stained predominantly for IgG and kappa light chains. This lesion arose in an otherwise healthy 52-year-old woman. Free kappa light chains without a monoclonal peak were found in the urine. We are aware of only two other heterogeneous, predominantly plasmacytic, solitary dural lesions that were found to be monoclonal on immunohistochemical examination. The label atypical monoclonal plasma cell hyperplasia appears to suit the morphological characteristics of our lesion. We suggest that a spectrum of solitary plasmacytic lesions may occur within the central nervous system and that atypical plasma cell hyperplasias have the potential to evolve into plasmacytoma. The preneoplastic nature of this lesion and its potential for evolution to malignant myeloma should be considered when planning treatment and lifelong follow-up for patients.

ENVIRONMENTAL RETARDATION (HOSPITALISM) IN INFANTS LIVING IN FAMILIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Rose W. Coleman ◽  
Sally Provence
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Case reports of two infants reared in their own families who became retarded developmentally due to inadequate maternal care are presented. Maternal deprivation is one of the causes of retarded development in infancy. The presence of the syndrome in family infants requires emphasis and wider recognition. The differential diagnosis includes retardation due to 1) central nervous system lesions, 2) secondary to acute or chronic involvement of organ systems other than the central nervous system, and 3) accompanying infantile psychosis. Diagnosis is made on history, physical examination, developmental tests and response to therapy. While not a common cause of retardation, its recognition is of importance because prognosis for future development is good if appropriate therapeutic measures can be instituted.

scholarly journals Lithium Toxicity in the Setting of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan ◽  
Fatima Khalid ◽  
Zaid Alirhayim ◽  
Syed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Lithium Clearance ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lithium toxicity is known to affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system. Lithium levels have been used in the diagnosis of toxicity and in assessing response to management. There is evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) can increase lithium levels and decrease renal lithium clearance. We present a case of lithium toxicity, which demonstrates this effect and also highlights the fact that lithium levels do not correlate with clinical improvement, especially the neurological deficit.

Presumptive Histoplasmosis Presenting as Cerebellar Ataxia With Spontaneous Recovery

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
William T. Shearer ◽  
George Kobayashi ◽  
Arthur L. Prensky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Babinski Sign ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Weakness

There have been relatively few reported cases of histoplasmosis of the central nervous system in children and no reported survivors without therapy.1-5 Most reported cases involving the central nervous system in children are described at postmortem examination.1,2 Involvement of extrapulmonic organ systems with Histoplasma capsulatum without a prominent preceding or concomitant pulmonic infection occurs occasionally. The reported neurological signs and symptoms of histoplasmosis of the central nervous system in children are: vomiting, irritability, opisthotonos, clonus of extremities, Babinski sign, progressive weakness of extremities, deterioration of vision, ptosis, weakness of facial muscles, bladder and anal atony, bilateral spastic hemiparesis, delayed motor development, and coma.1-5

scholarly journals Amenorea Sekunder: Tinjauan dan Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman ◽  
Eddy Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: Secondary amenorrhea occurs when a woman in reproductive age who has experienced menstruation, at a sudden stops menstruating for at least three consecutive months. The basic principle underlying the physiology of menstrual function is composed of multiple organ systems with their appropriate compartments in which the menstrual cycle depends on, as follows: compartment I, disorders of the uterus; compartment II, disorders of the ovary; compartment III, disorders of the anterior pituitary; and compartment IV, disorders of the central nervous system (hypothalamus). Finding the cause of secondary amenorrhoea can be done by doing some tests or trials. Determination of the location of the specific anatomical defect is useful to obtain appropriate treatment according to the cause of amenorrhea.Keywords: secondary amenorrhoeaAbstrak: Dikatakan amenorea sekunder bila seorang wanita usia reproduktif yang pernah mengalami haid, tiba-tiba haidnya berhenti untuk sedikitnya 3 bulan berturut-turut. Prinsip dasar yang mendasari fisiologi dari fungsi menstruasi memungkinkan penyusunan beberapa sistem kompartemen yang tepat di mana siklus menstruasi bergantung, yaitu: kompartemen I gangguan pada uterus, kompartemen II gangguan pada ovarium, kompartemen III gangguan pada hipofisis anterior, dan kompartemen IV gangguan pada sistem saraf pusat (hipotalamus). Gangguan ini sering berhubungan dengan keadaan stres (wanita pengungsi, dipenjara, hidup dalam ketakutan), atlit wanita, atau anoreksia nervosa dan bulimia. Mencari penyebab amenorea dapat diperoleh dengan melakukan beberapa uji atau percobaan. Penentuan lokasi defek anatomis spesifik sangat bermanfaat untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang sesuai dengan penyebab amenore.Kata kunci: amenorea sekunder

scholarly journals Peripheral Htt silencing does not ameliorate central signs of disease in the B6. HttQ111/+ mouse model of Huntington’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney R. Coffey ◽  
Robert M. Bragg ◽  
Minnig Shawn ◽  
Seth A. Ament ◽  
Glickenhaus Anne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Dysregulation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease whose neuropathological signature is a selective loss of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite this selective neuropathology, the mutant protein (huntingtin) is found in virtually every cell so far studied, and, consequently, phenotypes are observed in a wide range of organ systems both inside and outside the central nervous system. We, and others, have suggested that peripheral dysfunction could contribute to the rate of progression of striatal phenotypes of HD. To test this hypothesis, we lowered levels of huntingtin by treating mice with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the murine Huntingtin gene. To study the relationship between peripheral huntingtin levels and striatal HD phenotypes, we utilized a knock-in model of the human HD mutation (the B6.HttQ111/+ mouse). We treated mice with ASOs from 2-10 months of age, a time period over which significant HD-relevant signs progressively develop in the brains of HttQ111+ mice. Peripheral treatment with ASOs led to persistent reduction of huntingtin protein in peripheral organs, including liver, brown and white adipose tissues. This reduction was not associated with alterations in the severity of HD-relevant signs in the striatum of HttQ111/+ mice at the end of the study, including transcriptional dysregulation, the accumulation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions, and behavioral changes such as subtle hypoactivity and reduced exploratory drive. These results suggest that the amount of peripheral reduction achieved in the current study does not significantly impact the progression of HD-relevant signs in the central nervous system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document