Classic (Nonquantic) Algorithm for Observations and Measurements Based on Statistical Strategies of Particles Fields

Our knowledge about surroundings can be achieved by observations and measurements but both are influenced by errors (noise). Therefore one of the first tasks is to try to eliminate the noise by constructing instruments with high accuracy. But any real observed and measured system is characterized by natural limits due to the deterministic nature of the measured information. The present work is dedicated to the identification of these limits. We have analyzed some algorithms for selection and estimation based on statistical hypothesis and we have developed a theoretical method for their validation. A classic (non-quantic) algorithm for observations and measurements based on statistical strategies of optical field is presented in detail. A generalized statistical strategy for observations and measurements on the nuclear particles, is based on these results, taking into account the particular type of statistics resulting from the measuring process also.

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High-accuracy Photonics-assisted Frequency Measurement With Rough-accurate Compensation Based on Mach-Zehnder Interfering and Power Cancellation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-803615/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lanfeng Huang ◽

Yongjun Li ◽

Shanghong Zhao ◽

Tao Lin ◽

Guodong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frequency Estimation ◽

Frequency Measurement ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Optical Field ◽

Comparison Function ◽

Multiple Frequency ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Mach Zehnder Modulator ◽

Rf Signal ◽

Polarization Division Multiplexing

Abstract A high-accuracy photonics-assisted frequency measurement with rough-accurate compensation based on Mach-Zehnder interfering and power cancellation is proposed. A polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (PDM-DPMZM) is employed to mix the unknown RF signal and sweep signal to optical field. The rough measurement is firstly performed by the interference of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to realize fast frequency estimation. Then, based on the rough measurement result, the accurate measurement based on power cancellation is implemented in a much narrower range, which greatly improves the efficiency of frequency measurement. The simulation results show that the amplitude comparison function (ACF) established by interference can achieve a measurement error of less than 0.3 GHz over 0.5 ~39 GHz. Moreover, thanks to the rough-accurate compensation, the accuracy can be further improved to 4 MHz. Additionally, the multiple frequency identification with a resolution of 10 MHz can also be achieved based on this system.

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Analytical solution of capsizing moments in ship chamber under pitching excitation

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406219843327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (15) ◽

pp. 5294-5301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yang Zhang ◽

Duanwei Shi ◽

Lang Shi ◽

Re Xia ◽

Xionghao Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Depth ◽

Present Model ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Theoretical Method ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Surface Oscillation ◽

The Core ◽

Rectangular Container ◽

Time Harmonic ◽

Filling Water

As the core structure of the shiplift, the ship chamber is a typical rectangular container with filling water depth less than 0.1. Even small pitching excitation could produce large liquid sloshing and significant capsizing moment, and lead to a catastrophic overturning accident. As a basis of dynamical modeling and simulation of the shiplift, a fluid dynamic model is presented to predict the capsizing moments based on the Housner theory. Assuming a time-harmonic pitching excitation, the potential solution reflecting dynamic characteristics between pitching excitation and the fluid free surface oscillation angle is expanded analytically. A series of engineering formulas for the capsizing moments, including impulsive and convective parts, are then imposed. Comprehensive numerical analysis further extends the applicability of formulations to the cases for most of ship chambers or other rectangular tanks with similar filling water depth. The validation of proposed scheme is extensively demonstrated through comparison with other theoretical method and experimental results, and the interaction between the forcing frequency, the capsizing moments and fluid natural frequency has been qualitatively descripted. The results exhibited that the present model has accurate description under the conditions of small pitching angles and only considering the capsizing moments coming from the convective pressures can ensure high accuracy in engineering design.

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COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION ON RECURSIVE RELATIONSHIPS IN FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS

Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269964818000517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 258-278

Author(s):

Jong Jun Park ◽

Kyungsub Lee

Keyword(s):

Probability Density Function ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Computational Method ◽

Statistical Hypothesis ◽

Recursive Method ◽

Asian Option ◽

Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽

Quantitative Finance ◽

Underlying Process ◽

Financial Applications

AbstractIn quantitative finance, it is often necessary to analyze the distribution of the sum of specific functions of observed values at discrete points of an underlying process. Examples include the probability density function, the hedging error, the Asian option, and statistical hypothesis testing. We propose a method to calculate such a distribution, utilizing a recursive method, and examine it using various examples. The results of the numerical experiment show that our proposed method has high accuracy.

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Catalogue reduction techniques

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100074340 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 389-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chr. de Vegt

Keyword(s):

Adjustment Process ◽

Proper Motions ◽

Measuring Process ◽

Aerial Photogrammetry ◽

Reduction Techniques ◽

Observational Technique ◽

The Common ◽

Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

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A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061318 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 260-261

Author(s):

M. Nishigaki ◽

S. Katagiri ◽

H. Kimura ◽

B. Tadano

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage ◽

Basic Research ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Biological Specimen ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

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A crystallographic analysis of the CoSi/Si(111) interface using Transmission Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100176009 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

A.C. Daykin ◽

C.J. Kiely ◽

R.C. Pond ◽

J.L. Batstone

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Defect Structure ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Theoretical Method ◽

Crystallographic Analysis ◽

Si Substrate ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Theoretical Predictions

When CoSi2 is grown onto a Si(111) surface it can form in two distinct orientations. A-type CoSi2 has the same orientation as the Si substrate and B-type is rotated by 180° degrees about the [111] surface normal.One method of producing epitaxial CoSi2 is to deposit Co at room temperature and anneal to 650°C.If greater than 10Å of Co is deposited then both A and B-type CoSi2 form via a number of intermediate silicides .The literature suggests that the co-existence of A and B-type CoSi2 is in some way linked to these intermediate silicides analogous to the NiSi2/Si(111) system. The phase which forms prior to complete CoSi2 formation is CoSi. This paper is a crystallographic analysis of the CoSi2/Si(l11) bicrystal using a theoretical method developed by Pond. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to verify the theoretical predictions and to characterise the defect structure at the interface.

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