scholarly journals Using Correction Equations Based on Measured Height and Weight Weakens Associations between Obesity Based on Self-Reports and Chronic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Murray ◽  
Gordon W. Walsh ◽  
Sarah Connor Gorber
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Correction Equations ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Objective. Researchers have established a preponderance of height overestimation among men and weight underestimation among women in self-reported anthropometric data, which skews obesity prevalence data and obscures obesity-chronic disease relationships. The objective of this study was to reevaluate associations between obesity and chronic diseases using body mass index (BMI) correction equations derived from measured data. Methods. Measured height and weight (MHW) data were collected on a subsample of the 17,126 Atlantic Canadians who participated in the 2007-2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). To obtain corrected BMI estimates for the 17,126 adults, correction equations were developed in the MHW subsample and multiple regression procedures were used to model BMI. To test obesity-chronic disease relationships, logistic regression models were utilized. Results. The correction procedure eliminated statistically significant relations (P<0.05) between obesity and chronic bronchitis and obesity and stroke. Also, correction attenuated many relationships between adiposity and chronic disease. For example, among obese adults, there was a 13%, 12%, and 7% reduction in the adjusted odds ratios for asthma, urinary incontinence, and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Conclusion. Further research is needed to fully understand how the usage of self-reported data alters our understanding of the relationships between overweight or obesity and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity and associated determinants in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Roberts ◽  
D. P. Rao ◽  
T. L. Bennett ◽  
L. Loukine ◽  
G. C. Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Care Costs

Introduction Multimorbidity is increasingly recognized as a key issue in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. We examined the prevalence and correlates of chronic disease multimorbidity in the general adult Canadian population in relation to age and other key determinants. Methods We extracted data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011/12 on 105 416 Canadians adults. We analysed the data according to the number of multimorbidities (defined as 2+ or 3+ diseases from a list of 9) and examined the determinants of multimorbidity using regression analyses. Results Our findings show that 12.9% of Canadians report 2+ chronic diseases and 3.9% report 3+ chronic diseases. Those reporting 3 or more chronic diseases were more likely to be female, older, living in the lowest income quintile and to have not completed high school. In the overall population, social deprivation is associated with a 3.7 odds of multimorbidity, but when examined across age groups, the odds of multimorbidity were notably higher in middle age, 7.5 for those aged 35 to 49 years and 5.4 for those aged 50 to 64 years. Conclusion As the proportion of Canadians living with multiple chronic diseases increases, we need to assess chronic disease from a holistic perspective that captures multimorbidity and upstream factors, to facilitate broader and more context-appropriate associations with healthy living, quality of life, health care costs and mortality. Special consideration should be given to the role that social deprivation plays in the development of multimorbidity. Canadians living in the lowest socioeconomic group are not only more likely to develop multimorbidity, but the onset of multimorbidity is also likely to be significantly earlier.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Atlantic Canadian and National Correction Equations to Improve the Accuracy of Self-Reported Obesity Estimates in Atlantic Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Murray ◽  
Gordon W. Walsh ◽  
Sarah Connor Gorber
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Model Coefficient ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Correction Equations

Objectives. To determine whether obesity correction equations for the Canadian general population, which are dependent on the prevalence of obesity, are appropriate for use in Atlantic Canada, which has the highest obesity rates in the country. Also, to compare the accuracy of the national equations to equations developed specifically for the Atlantic Canadian population.Methods. The dataset consisted of Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2007-2008 data collected on 17,126 Atlantic Canadians and a subsample of adults, who provided measured height and weight (MHW) data. Atlantic correction equations were developed in the MHW subsample. Using separate multiple regression models for men and women, self-reported body mass index (BMI) was corrected by multiplying the self-reported estimate by its corresponding model coefficient and adding the model intercept. Pairedt-tests were used to determine whether corrected mean BMI values were significantly more accurate (i.e., closer to measured data) than the equivalent means based on self-reported data. The analyses were repeated using the national equations.Results. Both the Atlantic and the national equations yielded corrected obesity estimates that were significantly more accurate than those based on self-report.Conclusion. The results provide some evidence of the generalizability of the national equations to atypical regions of Canada.

Physical activity can attenuate, but not eliminate, the negative relationships of high TV viewing with some chronic diseases: findings from a cohort of 60 202 Brazilian adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
André O Werneck ◽  
Adewale L Oyeyemi ◽  
Paul J Collings ◽  
Edilson S Cyrino ◽  
Enio R V Ronque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background This study examined the joint associations of leisure time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with the prevalence of chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. Methods Data from the Brazilian Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 (n = 60 202; ≥18 years), were used. Time spent in TV viewing and leisure physical activity, physician diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease and information on co-variables (chronological age, education, ethnicity, candies/sweets consumption, sodium intake and tobacco smoking) were collected via interview. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression models were used for etiological analyses. Results Physical activity attenuated but did not eliminate the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease in the general population [odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 (1.11–1.50)] and among women [OR: 1.31 (1.09–1.60)], adults [OR: 1.24 (1.05–1.46)] and older adults [OR: 1.63 (1.05–2.53)]. On the other hand, physical activity eliminated the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease among men [OR: 1.24 (0.98–1.58)]. Conclusions We conclude that physical activity can attenuate but not eliminate the negative effects of high TV viewing on chronic disease among subgroups of Brazilian adults.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage with the Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccine Among Persons with Chronic Diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Minna Cheng ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Qinghua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Adults with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease are more likely to develop complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumonia. In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai. Methods The Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have information systems related to chronic disease management, hospital records, and immunizations. Data from individuals with chronic disease were abstracted during July 2017. The main outcome was coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Vaccination coverage was calculated across demographic groups. Significance in bivariate associations was assessed through Pearson’s chi-square tests, and in multivariable models through logistic regression models with a forward stepwise method to select variables. Results In the sample of 2,531,227 individuals ≥15 years, 22.8% were vaccinated for pneumonia from January 2013 to July 2017, and the vaccination coverage of influenza in the 2016/17 influenza season was 0.4%. Vaccination coverage was highest in those 70-79 and lowest in those younger than 60. Compared to urban areas, uptake in rural areas was higher for pneumonia vaccination (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 2.41, 2.45), but lower for influenza vaccination (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.59). Having a greater number of chronic diseases was associated with higher likelihood of pneumonia vaccination (3 vs 1: OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.64, 1.71), but this relationship was not statistically significant for influenza vaccination. Conclusions We found low levels with of pneumococcal vaccination, and extremely low uptake of influenza vaccination among individuals with high risk conditions in Shanghai who should be priority groups targeted for vaccination. Interventions could be designed to target groups with low uptake – like younger adults, and individuals who have not yet retired.

scholarly journals The Association between Socioeconomic Status, Smoking, and Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia in Northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Shaohua Yin ◽  
Xi Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Policies

The interactive associations of socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking with chronic disease were investigated with a view to expanding the evidence to inform tobacco policies and interventions in Northern China. The fifth NHSS (National Health Service Survey) 2013 in Inner Mongolia was a population-based survey of national residents, aged 15 years and older, in which multi-stage stratified cluster sampling methods were used to survey 13,554 residents. The SES was measured by scores derived from levels of education level and household annual income. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between SES, smoking, and chronic disease adjusted by confounders. Three thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven residents (32.29%) were identified as current smokers and 3520 residents (26.01%) had been diagnosed with chronic diseases. In the males, former smoking with low SES had the highest risk of one chronic disease, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.505 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] (OR = 2.505, 95% CI: 1.635–3.837) or multiple chronic diseases (OR = 2.631, 95% CI: 1.321–5.243). In the females, current smoking with low SES had the highest risk of one chronic disease (OR = 3.044, 95% CI: 2.158–4.292). The conclusion of this study was that residents with combined ever-smoking and low SES deserved more attention in the prevention and control of chronic disease.

Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Chronic Disease Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Christiansen ◽  
Rikke Lund ◽  
Pamela Qualter ◽  
Christina Maar Andersen ◽  
Susanne S Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Danish Patient ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Research suggests that loneliness and social isolation (SI) are serious public health concerns. However, our knowledge of the associations of loneliness and SI with specific chronic diseases is limited. Purpose The present prospective cohort study investigated (a) the longitudinal associations of loneliness and SI with four chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease [CVD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes mellitus Type 2 [T2D], and cancer), (b) the synergistic association of loneliness and SI with chronic disease, and (c) baseline psychological and behavioral explanatory factors. Methods Self-reported data from the 2013 Danish “How are you?” survey (N = 24,687) were combined with individual-level data from the National Danish Patient Registry on diagnoses in a 5 year follow-up period (2013–2018). Results Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that loneliness and SI were independently associated with CVD (loneliness: adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 1.40]; SI: AHR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.04, 146]) and T2D (loneliness: AHR =1.90, 95% CI [1.42, 2.55]; SI: AHR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.15, 2.21]). No significant associations were found between loneliness or SI and COPD and cancer, respectively. Likewise, loneliness and SI did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on chronic disease. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that loneliness and SI had an indirect effect on CVD and T2D through both baseline psychological and behavioral factors. Conclusion Loneliness and SI were independently associated with a diagnosis of CVD and T2D within a 5 year follow-up period. The associations of loneliness and SI with CVD and T2D were fully explained by baseline psychological and behavioral factors.

scholarly journals Cross-Canada Forum – How we identify and count Aboriginal people—does it make a difference in estimating their disease burden?

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Chan ◽  
C Ng ◽  
TK Young
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
The Individual

Introduction We examined the concordance between the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions used to estimate the size of the Aboriginal population in Canada and whether the different definitions affect the prevalence of selected chronic diseases. Methods Based on responses to the ''identity'' and ''ancestry'' questions in the CCHS combined 2009–2010 microdata file, Aboriginal participants were divided into 4 groups: identity only; ancestry only; either ancestry or identity; and both ancestry and identity. Prevalence of diabetes, arthritis and hypertension was estimated based on participants reporting that a health professional had told them that they have the condition(s). Results Of participants who identified themselves as Aboriginal, only 63% reported having an Aboriginal ancestor; of those who claimed Aboriginal ancestry, only 57% identified themselves as Aboriginal. The lack of concordance also differs according to whether the individual was First Nation, Métis or Inuit. The different method of estimating the Aboriginal population, however, does not significantly affect the prevalence of the three selected chronic diseases. Conclusion The lack of concordance requires further investigation by combining more cycles of CCHS to compare discrepancy across regions, genders and socio-economic status. Its impact on a broader list of health conditions should be examined.

scholarly journals At-a-glance - Canadian Chronic Disease Indicators, 2019 – Updating the data and taking into account mental health

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Mélanie Varin ◽  
Melissa Baker ◽  
Elia Palladino ◽  
Tanya Lary
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Income Adequacy ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Disease Indicators ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The 2019 edition of the Canadian Chronic Disease Indicators (CCDI) provides recent estimates of the burden of chronic conditions and measures of general health and associated determinants in Canada. Using data from the CCDI and 2017 Canadian Community Health Survey, we explored the relationship between sociodemographic factors and selfreported mental health. Our findings suggest that sex (males vs females: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.22); age (65–79 vs 35–49 year age group: aOR = 1.48); education (postsecondary graduate vs less than high school: aOR = 1.68); household income adequacy (highest quintile [Q5] vs lowest [Q1]: aOR = 2.25); and immigrant status (recent immigrants vs nonimmigrants: aOR= 2.29) were significantly associated with higher self-reported mental health.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage with the Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccine Among Persons with Chronic Diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Minna Cheng ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Qinghua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chronic Disease Management ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background Adults with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease are more likely to develop complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumonia. In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai. Methods The Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have information systems related to chronic disease management, hospital records, and immunizations. Data from individuals with chronic disease were abstracted during July 2017. The main outcome was coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Vaccination coverage was calculated across demographic groups. Significance in bivariate associations was assessed through Pearson’s chi-square tests, and in multivariable models through logistic regression models with a forward stepwise method to select variables. Results In the sample of 2,531,227 individuals ≥15 years, 22.8% were vaccinated for pneumonia from January 2013 to July 2017, and the vaccination coverage of influenza in the 2016/17 influenza season was 0.4%. Vaccination coverage was highest in those 70-79 and lowest in those younger than 60. Compared to urban areas, uptake in rural areas was higher for pneumonia vaccination (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 2.41, 2.45), but lower for influenza vaccination (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.59). Having a greater number of chronic diseases was associated with higher likelihood of pneumonia vaccination (3 vs 1: OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.64, 1.71), but this relationship was not statistically significant for influenza vaccination. Conclusions We found low levels with of pneumococcal vaccination, and extremely low uptake of influenza vaccination among individuals with high risk conditions in Shanghai who should be priority groups targeted for vaccination. Interventions could be designed to target groups with low uptake – like younger adults, and individuals who have not yet retired.

Sex Differences, Age, Arthritis, and Chronic Disease: Influence on Physical Activity Behaviors

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone A. Kaptein ◽  
Elizabeth M. Badley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Reported Data

Objective:To examine physical activity (PA) prevalence in individuals with arthritis in comparison with those with other chronic diseases.Methods:Descriptive analyses were based on cross-sectional self-reported data for adults over age 18 from the Canadian Community Health Survey administered in 2005 (N = 132,221) for the following groups: arthritis, back problems, other physical chronic conditions (ie, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer), and no physical chronic conditions.Results:The arthritis group did less leisure-time physical activity than the other 3 groups, they were particularly less likely to engage in vigorous physical activities, but were just as likely to walk when commuting for errands, work, or school. Older women in the arthritis group appeared to be the least active across physical activities and groups.Conclusions:Adults with chronic disease were more physically inactive during leisure than those without chronic physical conditions, and older women in the arthritis group were particularly limited in our study. A more comprehensive assessment of all types of physical activity, including work, leisure, and commuting behaviors, need to be done in populations with chronic disease, to provide a more accurate portrayal of physical activity participation.

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