scholarly journals Carbon Nanofibers Modified Graphite Felt for High Performance Anode in High Substrate Concentration Microbial Fuel Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youliang Shen ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Shuiliang Chen ◽  
Fangfang Yang ◽  
Suqi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
High Substrate Concentration ◽  
Peak Current Density ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
High Substrate

Carbon nanofibers modified graphite fibers (CNFs/GF) composite electrode was prepared for anode in high substrate concentration microbial fuel cells. Electrochemical tests showed that the CNFs/GF anode generated a peak current density of 2.42 mA cm−2at a low acetate concentration of 20 mM, which was 54% higher than that from bare GF. Increase of the acetate concentration to 80 mM, in which the peak current density of the CNFs/GF anode greatly increased and was up to 3.57 mA cm−2, was seven times as that of GF anode. Morphology characterization revealed that the biofilms in the CNFs/GF anode were much denser than those in the bare GF. This result revealed that the nanostructure in the anode not only enhanced current generation but also could tolerate high substrate concentration.

scholarly journals Controlled Layer-By-Layer Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrodes for Microbial Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguo Wu ◽  
Hao Niu ◽  
Dayun Yang ◽  
Shi-Bin Wang ◽  
Jiefu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Ito Electrode

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) composite modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, by a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique, was evaluated as an anode for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The bioelectrochemistry of Shewanella loihica PV-4 in an electrochemical cell and the electricity generation performance of MFCs with multilayer (CNTs/PAH)n-deposited ITO electrodes as an anode were investigated. Experimental results showed that the current density generated on the multilayer modified electrode increased initially and then decreased as the deposition of the number of layers (n = 12) increased. Chronoamperometric results showed that the highest peak current density of 34.85 ± 2.80 mA/m2 was generated on the multilayer (CNTs/PAH)9-deposited ITO electrode, of which the redox peak current of cyclic voltammetry was also significantly enhanced. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses showed a well-formed nanostructure porous film on the surface of the multilayer modified electrode. Compared with the plain ITO electrode, the multilayered (CNTs/PAH)9 anodic modification improved the power density of the dual-compartment MFC by 29%, due to the appropriate proportion of CNTs and PAH, as well as the porous nanostructure on the electrodes.

scholarly journals Cellulose Derived Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Anode for Energy Generation and Bioremediation of Toxic Metals via Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Yaqoob ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Khalid Umar ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Bhawani ◽  
Anish Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Pani Composite ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Modified Graphene

Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are considered to be one of the eco-friendly bioelectrochemical cell approaches nowadays. The utilization of waste materials in BMFCs is to generate energy and concurrently bioremediate the toxic metals from synthetic wastewater, which is an ideal approach. The use of novel electrode material and natural organic waste material as substrates can minimize the present challenges of the BMFCs. The present study is focused on cellulosic derived graphene-polyaniline (GO-PANI) composite anode fabrication in order to improve the electron transfer rate. Several electrochemical and physicochemical techniques are used to characterize the performance of anodes in BMFCs. The maximum current density during polarization behavior was found to be 87.71 mA/m2 in the presence of the GO-PANI anode with sweet potato as an organic substrate in BMFCs, while the GO-PANI offered 15.13 mA/m2 current density under the close circuit conditions in the presence of 1000 Ω external resistance. The modified graphene anode showed four times higher performance than the unmodified anode. Similarly, the remediation efficiency of GO-PANI was 65.51% for Cd (II) and 60.33% for Pb (II), which is also higher than the unmodified graphene anode. Furthermore, multiple parameters (pH, temperature, organic substrate) were optimized to validate the efficiency of the fabricated anode in different environmental atmospheres via BMFCs. In order to ensure the practice of BMFCs at industrial level, some present challenges and future perspectives are also considered briefly.

THE EFFECT OF PREPARED PARAMETERS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL COATING

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. DAI ◽  
Y. PAN ◽  
S. JIANG ◽  
Y. C. ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Nickel Coating ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nanocrystalline Nickel ◽  
Peak Current Density ◽  
Peak Current

The nanocrystalline nickel coating was synthesized by pulse-jet electrodeposition from modified Watts bath. Pulse and jet plating was employed to increase the deposition current density, decrease diffusion layer, increase the nucleation rate and in this case the prepared method would result in fine-grained deposits. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the microstructure, the surface morphology, the crystal preferred orientation and the variety of the lattice parameter respectively. The influence of pulse parameters, namely peak current density, the duty cycle and pulse frequency on the grain size, surface morphology, crystal orientation and microstructure was studied. The results showed that with increasing peak current density, the deposit grain size was found to decrease markedly in other parameters at constant. However, in our experiment it was found that the grain size increased slightly with increasing pulse frequency. For higher peak current density, the surface morphology was smoother. The crystal orientation progressively changed from an almost random distribution to a strong (111) texture. This means that the peak current density was the dominated parameter to effect the microstructure of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel coating. In addition, the lattice parameter for the deposited nickel is calculated from XRD and it is found that the calculated value is less than the lattice parameter for the perfect nickel single crystal. This phenomenon is explained by the crystal lattice mismatch.

Nonwoven mats of N-doped carbon nanofibers as high-performing anodes in microbial fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 100385
Author(s):  
Giulia Massaglia ◽  
Valentina Margaria ◽  
Michele Re Fiorentin ◽  
Khalid Pasha ◽  
Adriano Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Nonwoven Mats

Enhanced thermostability and tolerance of high substrate concentration of an esterase by directed evolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Heui Kim ◽  
Gi-Sub Choi ◽  
Seung-Bum Kim ◽  
Won-Ho Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
High Substrate Concentration ◽  
High Substrate

Microstructure Evolution of As-Cast Nickel Aluminum Bronze under Electropulsing

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Jie Fang ◽  
Guo Lin Song ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qiu Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Aluminum Bronze ◽  
Nickel Aluminum ◽  
Peak Current Density ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Nickel Aluminum Bronze ◽  
Electropulsing Treatment

In this work, the microstructure evolution of as-cast NAB under different electropulsing parameters were studied. The microstructure of the electropulsing treatment (EPT) sample was characterized by mircohardness test and optical microscopy. The results show that compared with heat treatment, when the peak current density reaches 5.84×108A/m2 (no significant change in the structure when the peak current density is lower), the β' phase region undergo phase transition in a shorter time. When the peak current density reaches 7.25×108A/m2, the sample is significantly affected by the Joule heating effect, and the κⅢ and κⅣ phases are successively dissolved to form Widmanstätten α structure. As the β' phase increases and the Widmanstätten α structure forms, the hardness value of the microstructure increases by 80%.

scholarly journals N-Halosuccinimides as Precatalysts for C-, N-, O-, and X-Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Njomza Ajvazi ◽  
Stojan Stavber
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
High Substrate Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
High Substrate ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions ◽  
Solvent Free Reaction

N-halosuccinimides (chloro, bromo, and iodo, respectively) were introduced, tested, and applied as efficient and non-metal precatalysts for C-, N-, O-, and X-nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC) or under high substrate concentration reaction conditions (HCRC) efficiently and selectively, into the corresponding products.

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