Proatherogenic Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein/β2-Glycoprotein I Complexes in Arterial and Venous Disease

OxLDL/β2GPI complexes have been implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and associated with disease severity and adverse outcomes. We investigate the significance of anti-oxLDL/β2GPI antibodies and oxLDL/β2GPI complexes in patients with arterial and idiopathic venous disease. A cohort of 61 arterial disease patients, 32 idiopathic venous disease patients, and 53 healthy controls was studied. Because statins influence oxLDL/β2GPI, these complexes were analyzed on subjects not taking statins. Arterial and venous groups expressed higher levels of IgG anti-oxLDL/β2GPI antibodies than controls without any other significant clinical association. OxLDL/β2GPI complexes were significantly elevated in arterial (0.69 U/mL,P=0.004) and venous disease (0.54 U/mL,P=0.025) than controls (0.39 U/mL). Among arterial diseases, oxLDL/β2GPI was 0.85 U/mL for carotid artery disease, 0.72 U/mL for peripheral artery disease, and 0.52 U/mL for abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was a significant association with male gender, age, hypertension, and history of thrombosis. Subjects with oxLDL/β2GPI above the median (0.25 U/mL) were more likely to have arterial (OR 4.5,P=0.004) or venous disease (OR 4.1,P=0.008). Multivariate regression indicated that males (P=0.021), high cholesterol (P=0.011), and carotid disease (P=0.023) were significant predictors of oxLDL/β2GPI. The coexistence of oxLDL/β2GPI in arterial and venous disease may suggest a common oxidative mechanism that independently predicts carotid artery disease.

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Paraoxonase-1: Characteristics and Role in Atherosclerosis and Carotid Artery Disease

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161115666171129212359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Lioudaki ◽

C. Verikokos ◽

G. Kouraklis ◽

C. Ioannou ◽

E. Chatziioannou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Ldl Oxidation ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Wide Range ◽

Artery Disease

Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that is synthesized in the liver and then secreted in blood where it is bound to high density lipoprotein (HDL). PON-1 is a hydrolase with a wide range of substrates, including lipid peroxides. It is considered responsible for many of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL. PON-1 prevents low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process that is considered to contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. PON-1 activity and levels are influenced by gene polymorphisms; of the 2 common variants, one is in position 192 (Q192R) and one in position 55 (M55L). Also, many drugs affect PON-1 activity. The role of PON-1 in carotid atherosclerosis is inconsistent. Some studies show an association of PON-1 polymorphisms with carotid plaque formation, whereas others do not. The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics of PON-1, its interactions with drugs and its role in atherosclerosis and especially its relationship with carotid artery disease.

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Successful Direct Adsorption of Lipoproteins (DALI) Apheresis During Pregnancy in an Omani Woman with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874192401509010114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 114-117

Author(s):

Tamima Al-Dughaishi ◽

Khalid Al-Waili ◽

Yajnavalka Banerjee ◽

Shahila Sheik ◽

Hilal Al-Sabti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Male Infant ◽

Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Valvular Stenosis ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Direct Adsorption

We report our experience with Direct Adsorption of Lipoproteins (DALI) apheresis in an Omani pregnant woman affected by homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. To the best of our knowledge this is the first successful pregnancy treated with DALI apheresis.The patient had a history of coronary artery disease, supra-aortic valvular stenosis and severe carotid artery disease with right carotid artery stenting. She was on a regular biweekly DALI apheresis since 2008. In May 2013, she became pregnant and rosuvastatin and ezetimibe were stopped while she continued on DALI apheresis biweekly. This treatment during pregnancy was successful with no major complications. The average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction during therapy was 50%. She spontaneously delivered a healthy male infant (2,400 g) at 37 weeks. We showed that DALI apheresis therapy was safe during pregnancy with a good outcome for both mother and neonate.

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Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein: Biomarker or Potential Drug Target?

Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (02) ◽

pp. 092-097

Author(s):

Basabdatta Samanta

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Low Density ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Artery Disease

AbstractIschemic heart disease is currently an epidemic affecting individuals worldwide. Increased incidence along with earlier onset of disease has led to the constant search for biomarkers that will help in earlier identification and treatment of at risk individuals. Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is the atherogenic subtype of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It is smaller in size and higher in density in comparison to other LDL subtypes. Higher levels of sdLDL have beenfound to be associated with increased incidence of ischemic heart disease and adverse outcomes. Properties including decreased resistance to oxidative stress and prolonged residence time in the circulation account for its increased atherogenic potential. Hence intervention approaches targeting sdLDL directly in at risk individuals may be beneficial.Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors affect sdLDL levels.But the main determining factor is the level of triglycerides (TGs). Higher TG levels are associated with higher levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 1 and sdLDL. Various drugs have been used for targeting sdLDL with varying outcomes; drugs tried out include statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Future prospects include modification of enzymes involved in fatty acid and TG synthesis, for example, lipoprotein lipase and acyl CoA carboxylase. However, further research is still necessary to draw clear guidelines for sdLDL reduction therapy in coronary artery disease treatment and prevention.

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Detection of cerebral microemboli in APS — Introducing a novel investigation method and implications of analogies with carotid artery disease

Lupus ◽

10.1177/096120339800700217 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ch Specker ◽

A Perniok ◽

U Brauckmann ◽

M Siebler ◽

M Schneider

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

High Energy ◽

Predictive Parameters ◽

Invasive Method ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Patient’S History

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are prone to thromboembolism. So far, the only predictive parameters for further complications are their number in patient's history and perhaps the titre of aPL. Derived from clinical investigation of stroke and obvious analogies between cerebrovascular ischemia (CVI) in patients with carotid artery disease (CAD) and patients with APS, a novel non-invasive method is introduced using transcranial Doppler (TCD) long-term monitoring to detect high energy ultrasonic signals (so called ‘microemboli’) in the cerebral vasculature. In patients with CAD, these microemboli proved to correlate with past and impending symptoms of CVI permitting therapeutic stratification by their detectability. In SLE and APS, this technique enabled identification of very similar signals in cerebral bloodstream of APS patients. Microemboli were highly associated with the history of CVI and the titre of aPL. Detection of microemboli offers new possibilities in risk estimation, therapeutic stratification and in studying pathophysiology of APS.

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Early diagnosis of atherosclerosis with panoramic radiographs: a review

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro ◽

10.1590/1677-5449.002316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 302-307

Author(s):

Daiane Landim Borba ◽

◽

Ulisses Vilela Hipólito ◽

Yamba Carla Lara Pereira

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Carotid Artery Calcification ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Keywords Atherosclerosis ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Brain

Abstract Carotid artery disease has been linked with cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or cerebral ischemia. It is caused by narrowing or obstruction of arteries in the neck (the carotid arteries) that are responsible for transporting blood from the aorta to the brain. Panoramic radiographs are used in dentistry to show both dental arches as a supplement to the clinical dental examination. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of panoramic radiographs for diagnosis of arterial disease, by means of a bibliographic review. The PubMed database was searched using the keywords “atherosclerosis” and “panoramic”, with the filters “last 5 years” and “humans”. Twenty articles were identified, six of which were chosen for this study because they were open access. The review concluded that panoramic radiographs enable early diagnosis of carotid artery calcification, resulting in earlier interventions, and offer an accessible cost.

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Role of rs1466535 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) gene polymorphism in carotid artery disease

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 237 (1) ◽

pp. 135-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Betti Giusti ◽

Silvia Galora ◽

Claudia Saracini ◽

Giovanni Pratesi ◽

Gian Franco Gensini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Lipoprotein Receptor ◽

Related Protein ◽

Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein

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Abstract 14606: Endothelial Injury Biomarkers and Risk Factors Associated With Discordant Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome Despite Controlled Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Identified by a Novel Coronary Artery Disease Predictive Algorithm

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Ned Premyodhin ◽

WENJUN FAN ◽

Masood Younus ◽

Douglas S Harrington ◽

Nathan D Wong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Predictive Algorithm ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease

Background: Individuals with no history of coronary artery disease can develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS), often in the absence of major risk factors including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We identified risk factors and biomarkers that can help identify those at discordantly high risk of ACS who have normal LDL-C using a novel coronary artery disease predictive algorithm (CADPA) incorporating biomarkers of endothelial injury validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Methods: Five-year predicted ACS risk was calculated using the CADPA for 8589 patients. Common risk factors and serum levels of 9 biomarkers utilized by the CADPA were tracked. We identified a “discordant high ACS” risk group with serum LDL-C < 130 mg/dL but 5-year CADPA predicted risk ≥ 7.5% and a “discordant low ACS” risk group defined as LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL but 5-year CADPA risk of < 7.5%. Multiple logistic regression identified risk factors and biomarkers that predicted discordance in two separate models. Results: The average age and percent male of the high ACS discordant group was higher compared to non-discordant (68±10 vs 54±13 years and 61% vs 43%, respectively). Diabetes (OR 2.84 [2.21-3.66]), male sex (OR 2.83 [2.40-3.35]), family history (OR 2.23 [1.88-2.64]) and active smoking (OR 1.99 [1.50-2.62]) exhibited greatest odds of high ACS discordance compared to other risk factors (all p < 0.01). Increased serum soluble FAS (OR 2.12 [1.97-2.29]), Hemoglobin A1c (OR 1.60 [1.48-1.72]) and interleukin-16 (OR 1.40 [1.32-1.48]) were the biomarkers most associated with discordant risk, independent of global risk factors. Conclusion: Men with diabetes and family history of myocardial infarction who are actively smoking may be at highest risk of developing ACS despite controlled LDL-C. Future studies should examine whether using the CADPA can help identify such individuals that could benefit from earlier targeting of risk factor modification for prevention of ACS.

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Carotid artery disease and stroke in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The role of inflammation

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ◽

10.4081/monaldi.2009.337 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giusy Sirico ◽

Lucrezia Spadera ◽

Mario De Laurentis ◽

Gregorio Brevetti

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Carotid Plaques ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Peripheral Arterial

Although during the last decade there have been great advances in our knowledge of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of multi-district atherosclerotic disease, little is known about the association between peripheral arterial disease and carotid artery disease. This review was conceived to cast some light on this topic, paying special attention to inflammation which plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. An aspect of pathophysiologic and clinical relevance is that the coexistence of carotid disease is more frequent in peripheral arterial disease than in coronary artery disease, not only in terms of carotid stenosis, but also with respect to the presence of hypoechoic unstable plaque. These latter plaques present a large infiltration of macrophages and are associated to high levels of inflammatory markers. In particular, the greater prevalence of hypoechoic carotid plaques in peripheral arterial disease compared to patients with carotid artery disease was poorly related to classic risk factors, but showed an independent association with an increased number of leukocyte and neutrophil cells, which are reliable markers of inflammation. The greater prevalence of hypoechoic unstable carotid plaques could explain why peripheral arterial disease portends higher risk of stroke than coronary artery disease.

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Study of DNA polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0760221 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 221-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. V. Monsalve ◽

R. Young ◽

S. A. Wiseman ◽

S. Dhamu ◽

J. T. Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Dna Polymorphisms ◽

Apolipoprotein Ai ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Peripheral Arterial

1. We have determined the frequency of DNA polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster, detected with XmnI, PstI, and PvuII, in a group of patients with peripheral arterial disease. 2. Of the patients, 81 had no evidence of disease in the coronary and carotid arteries, 73 had coronary artery disease but no evidence of carotid artery disease, 25 patients had carotid artery disease but no evidence of coronary artery disease, and 38 had both coronary and carotid artery disease. 3. Levels of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein AI were not significantly different between the four patient groups. 4. The frequencies of the alleles for the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV polymorphisms, detected with XmnI, PstI and PvuII, did not differ significantly in the patient groups when compared with a sample of clinically well normolipidaemic individuals also from a London population. 5. All five patients with the XmnI genotype we designate X2X2 had high levels of cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein AI. 6. Patients with the rare VB2 allele of the apolipoprotein CIII-AIV restriction fragment length polymorphism had lower levels of cholesterol, acylglycerol and significantly lower levels of serum apolipoprotein. 7. Our observations suggest that variation in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster may not be contributing significantly to the development of peripheral arterial disease, but variation associated with some of the restriction fragment length polymorphisms may be involved in determining levels of cholesterol- and apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins.

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