scholarly journals Education and Unemployment Patterns for Young Workers with Job Experience in Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juan Acosta-Ballesteros ◽  
M. del Pilar Osorno-del Rosal ◽  
Olga M. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
University Degree ◽  
First Job

This paper analyzes the education and unemployment patterns for young workers with some experience in Spain at the beginning of the current economic crisis, using the ad hoc module of the Spanish Labour Force Survey 2009. The results clearly show that educational level and field of study are crucial when explaining the instability of the first job and the difficulty in obtaining another one. Specifically, the lower is the educational level, the greater is the risk of unemployment, not only because it is less likely to keep the first job, but also because it is harder to find another one. Moreover, considering the field of study at a given educational level, it is detected that graduates from health and welfare are the best positioned in the labour market (especially university degree holders). For the rest of fields of study, and despite the differences in the risk of unemployment are small, it is observed that the lowest level of unemployment corresponds to sciences and technology, followed by social sciences and the rest of fields. The education and unemployment patterns detected in the paper may be useful to guide both policy and individual decisions.

Who Gets Their First Job at a Large Firm? The Distinct Roles of Education and Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Jaime Arellano-Bover
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Large Firm ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Formative Time ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
First Job

Young workers' early years in the labor market are a key and formative time. Using data from 31 countries, this article documents the selection of labor market entrants into large firms, which existing literature associates with propitious environments for young workers. The young and inexperienced are underrepresented at large firms compared to experienced and older workers. Entrants who do get their first job at large firms are positively selected in terms of education and cognitive skills. The patterns of large-firm selection (i.e., importance of education vs. skills) somewhat differ between Europe, East and Southeast Asia, and North America.

scholarly journals Inside Iranian Freelance Simultaneous Conference Interpreters’ Experience: A thematic Analysis of Narratives

Hikma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-206
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Fakharzadeh ◽  
Simin Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Language Brokering ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interpretation Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Narratives

Although several studies have examined translators' and interpreters' experience in various contexts, relatively few studies have attempted to explore the freelance simultaneous conference interpreters' experience in the Iranian context. In this country, the increasing number of international conferences is creating a demand for quality conference interpretation. In this study, we used qualitative analysis of narratives to delve into the experience of eight freelance simultaneous conference interpreters in Iran to realize their perception of their job and the impact of contextual factors on the quality of their experience as well as that of interpretation. Three themes, namely job-finding experience, on-the-job-experience, and the locus of the problems were extracted from eleven sub-themes. Overall, the narratives characterized interpreting in Iran as a non-professional occupation that amounts to an ad hoc event, language brokering, and ability-oriented task. The findings can raise some critical considerations for stakeholders involved in the field of translation and interpretation studies as well as practitioners.

scholarly journals Different Patterns of Labor Market Integration by Migration Motivation in Europe: The Role of Host Country Human Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Zwysen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Integration

We study whether the acquisition of host country human capital, such as obtaining equivalent qualifications, good language skills, or naturalization, explains differences in labor market integration between migrants depending on their initial motivation. We use cross-national European data from the 2008 ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey to analyze migrant gaps in labor market participation, employment, occupational status, and precarious employment. We find that different rates of and returns to host country human capital explain a substantial part of the improvements in labor market outcomes with years of residence, particularly for noneconomic migrants who experience faster growth on average.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Genetic Testing for Hereditary Disorders Among Malaysians in Klang Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Jia Chin ◽  
Hong-Wai Tham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Genetic testing aids patients in making important decisions in the prevention, treatment, or early detection of hereditary disorders. Low awareness of the importance of genetic testing contributes to the increase in the incidence of hereditary disorders. This study aims to explore the knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing for hereditary disorders among local residents of the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and the potential variables that influence their understanding of genetic testing. A survey was conducted in different municipalities of the Klang Valley through self-administered questionnaire assessing the public's knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing. Overall, the results revealed adequate knowledge and positive awareness of genetic testing, in which both were influenced by the respondent's educational level (P < 0.001), field of study (P < 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P < 0.001). The perception of genetic testing was generally positive and influenced by the respondent's differences in age (P < 0.016), educational level (P < 0.001), field of study (P < 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P < 0.001). Although positive responses were obtained, ~20.2% of the respondents had never heard of genetic testing. Of the respondents, 24.5% were unwilling to undergo genetic testing, with 25.1% believing that genetic testing tampers with nature and 18% believing that it opposes religion and their beliefs. Such attitude calls for the need to conduct programs to eliminate any misconception, as well as to educate the public to lessen any perceived misunderstanding of the concepts of genetic testing.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultural and Educational Variables on a Computerized Continuous Performance Task: the EMBRACED CPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1258
Author(s):  
I Ibanez-Casas ◽  
D Jannoo ◽  
D Denardis ◽  
F De la Cruz ◽  
S Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
American Children ◽  
University Degree

Abstract Objective The continuous performance tests (CPTs) are the gold standard to assess vigilance or sustained attention. Many studies have shown that educational level is significantly associated with performance on the CPTs. However, very few studies have made comparisons that included cultural factors (Miranda et al, 2008). Given the breadth of educational systems in different parts of the world, it could be expected that the effect of educational level will vary depending on the culture of origin. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education on performance on a CPT task in 3 ethnically diverse groups (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic and Spanish). Participants and Method This study includes 57 participants in the EMBRACED project: 12 Hispanic Americans, 26 non-Hispanics Americans, and 19 Spaniards (8.3%, 30% and 57% with high education respectively). Educational level was defined as high (university degree and above) or low (less than a university degree). The EMBRACED CPT is computerized and demands the participant to touch the iPad screen each time a target is presented. In 3 blocks of 100 stimuli each, the number of hits, omissions, and commissions is recorded. Results A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was conducted to compare scores in the three blocks of the CPT in relation to the three cultural groups and by education levels. Results showed no interaction effects between cultural groups and education, and no main effects of education for any of the studied variables. However, there was a significant main effect for cultural group for hits (F = 4.676, P = .014) and omissions (F = 5.614, p = .006). Conclusions The overall results for education in this study were not significant and would need further study. The variability in cultural group revealed a consistent effect across all studied variables. The non-Hispanics scored higher in hits and the Spaniards had more omissions. These results justify the need for cultural adaptation of neuropsychological measures. References Miranda, M. C., Sinnes, E. G., Pompeia, S., & Francisco Amodeo Bueno, O. (2008). A comparative study of performance in the Conners' Continuous Performance Test between Brazilian and North American children. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(5), 588-598.

Young and at risk? Consequences of job insecurity for mental health and satisfaction among labor market entrants with different levels of education

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Klug
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Vocational Qualifications ◽  
University Degree

Young workers are often temporarily employed and thus likely to experience job insecurity. This study investigates associations of objective job insecurity (i.e., temporary employment) and subjectively perceived job insecurity with mental health, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among young workers, testing the moderating role of education. The longitudinal analysis based on 1522 labor market entrants from the German Socio-Economic Panel revealed that subjective job insecurity was associated with decreased mental health and lower satisfaction, whereas objective job insecurity was not. Three levels of education were differentiated: university degree, vocational training and low-qualified. There was weak evidence that those with vocational qualifications were more vulnerable to subjective job insecurity than either the low-qualified or university graduates. The results suggest that irrespective of education, detrimental consequences of subjective job insecurity emerge early in the career. Access to secure employment should be improved for young workers to prevent early dissatisfaction and impairment of their mental health.

scholarly journals The Job Market for New Economists: A Market Design Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coles ◽  
John Cawley ◽  
Phillip B Levine ◽  
Muriel Niederle ◽  
Alvin E Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
First Job ◽  
Late Part

This paper, written by the members of the American Economic Association (AEA) Ad Hoc Committee on the Job Market, provides an overview of the market for new Ph.D. economists. It describes the role of the AEA in the market and focuses in particular on two mechanisms adopted in recent years at the suggestion of our Committee. First, job market applicants now have a signaling service to send an expression of special interest to up to two employers prior to interviews at the January Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) meetings. Second, the AEA now invites candidates who are still on the market, and employers whose positions are still vacant, to participate in a web-based “scramble” to reduce search costs and thicken the late part of the job market. We present statistics on the activity in these market mechanisms and present survey evidence that both mechanisms have facilitated matches. The paper concludes by discussing the emergence of platforms for transmitting job market information and other design issues that may arise in the market for new economists.

scholarly journals Minimum wages and the fate of Indonesian young workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Izzun Nafiah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Other Hand

Government policies that are directly related to the relationship between workers and companies are determining minimum wages. The effect of this minimum wage becomes more varied for developing countries with large populations such as Indonesia. Young workers have sensitive effect to fluctuation of the minimum wage policy, whereas the percentage of Indonesia young workers is more than 20 percent of the total workforce in 2015-2019. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the effect of minimum wage policies on the status of young workers in Indonesia using quantitative data from the National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) 2015-2019 with the multinomial logit analysis method. The results of this study are an increase in the minimum wage decreases the probability of young workers to have status as paid workers in the covered sector. In urban areas, an increase in the minimum wage increases the probability of young male workers being unemployed and decreases the probability being self-employed. On the other hand, an increase in the minimum wage causes female urban workers reducing the probability of being unemployed and increasing the probability of them being self-employed. Therefore, the minimum wage policy must be balanced with strengthen the education and training and also consider policies that increase youth labor market opportunities but do not increase employer costs for young workers. On the other hand, the government must be continuous to improve policies that support the progress of informal sector, for example in terms of providing capital, reducing loan interest rates, etc.

scholarly journals School and the value of knowledge: Transformations in Belarusian jokes about education

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Fiadotava
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Formal Knowledge ◽  
Value Of Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Will ◽  
University Degree

Over the past century Belarus has experienced a dramatic increase in educational level. Obtaining secondary education is now considered normal, getting a university degree is prestigious. However, such an attitude is relatively new to Belarusian society. Joke texts that date back to the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century indicate that formal education was widely considered useless, as it did not equip children with skills they needed in real life. Formal education was often contrasted with learning necessary skills at home, invariably in favour of the latter. In the Soviet era, formal education was made compulsory and suddenly became an integral part of people’s lives, but it still lacked a link with children’s future careers. Parents could not always appreciate the benefits of education, but had to send their children to school anyway.  The clash between the “old” attitude and the “new” reality produced jokes. Jokes that have emerged in the post-Soviet era reflect the omnipresence of education in contemporary Belarusian society. Some school jokes point to a greater understanding of the value of knowledge in modern children―yet it is often not the formal knowledge they are expected to get in school. Overall, school in jokes has become a setting where issues prominent in society at large come to the fore, even if this goes against the will of the educators.

scholarly journals Labour market impact of four recessions on women and men in Greece: Comparative analysis in a long term perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karamessini
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Market Impact ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Market Impact

<p>The current economic crisis in Greece has<br />produced a dramatic fall in male and female<br />employment and driven unemployment to<br />historically unprecedented levels. This article<br />compares gender differences in the labour<br />market impact of the current crisis with those<br />of the three previous recessions: 1974, 1980-83,<br />1990-1993. We have found large discrepancies in<br />the gender impact between the four recessions.<br />These are due to differences in their nature and<br />duration, the sectors and industries hit each<br />time and the trends of women’s labour force<br />participation before the eruption of the crisis.<br />The structural nature of the current crisis and the<br />negative repercussions of the deep and prolonged<br />recession on the services sector that concentrates<br />the great bulk of female employment explain<br />why the gendered labour market impact of the<br />current crisis is different from that of previous<br />recessions. Male employment has been more<br />hit than female employment until now, but<br />the spread of the recession to services reversed<br />the long term trend of increase in the female<br />employment rate. By contrast, in all three<br />previous recessions, the tertiary sector had played<br />a protective, compensating and enhancing role<br />for women’s employment.</p>

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