scholarly journals Minimum wages and the fate of Indonesian young workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Izzun Nafiah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Other Hand

Government policies that are directly related to the relationship between workers and companies are determining minimum wages. The effect of this minimum wage becomes more varied for developing countries with large populations such as Indonesia. Young workers have sensitive effect to fluctuation of the minimum wage policy, whereas the percentage of Indonesia young workers is more than 20 percent of the total workforce in 2015-2019. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the effect of minimum wage policies on the status of young workers in Indonesia using quantitative data from the National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) 2015-2019 with the multinomial logit analysis method. The results of this study are an increase in the minimum wage decreases the probability of young workers to have status as paid workers in the covered sector. In urban areas, an increase in the minimum wage increases the probability of young male workers being unemployed and decreases the probability being self-employed. On the other hand, an increase in the minimum wage causes female urban workers reducing the probability of being unemployed and increasing the probability of them being self-employed. Therefore, the minimum wage policy must be balanced with strengthen the education and training and also consider policies that increase youth labor market opportunities but do not increase employer costs for young workers. On the other hand, the government must be continuous to improve policies that support the progress of informal sector, for example in terms of providing capital, reducing loan interest rates, etc.

scholarly journals Sistem Bagi Hasil Mudharabah Sebagai Mekanisme Self Regulating terhadap Kenaikan Upah Minimum Regional Pada UMKM Puti Minang Group (PtM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Heru Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wage System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wage Increases

Conflicts regarding tariff transitions and wages often occur in Indonesia. On the other hand, SMEs have an important role in efforts to improve the welfare of the community. This study aims to discuss self-regulating the results (mudharabah) of regional minimum wage increases at the MSME Puti Minang Group (PtM) successfully overcoming wage conflicts with Mudharabah. This research is a skin research carried out at PtM MSMEs in 6 Regencies in Lampung Province. The processed data is primarily based on the data for the result in PtM. In general, profit sharing (Mudharabah) at PTM in 2016 exceeded regional minimum wages. Based on the output value, it can be seen that the P-Value = 0,000, means smaller than the value α = 0.05, so Ho is rejected and accept Ha. For users (Mudharabah) of PTM in 2016 is greater than the UMR in 2016. PtM wage system using profit sharing (Mudharabah), can provide regional minimum wage standard (UMR) in Lampung in 2016, with an increase of 2016 UMR of 13% from UMR 2015. These results are evidence that a UMR increase of 13%, the profit-sharing system (Mudharabah) at PTM still has the ability to adapt (self-regulate) to the increase in UMR.

scholarly journals AN APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYEES WELFARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES IN CENTRAL PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
Joyjit Sanyal ◽  
Sujit Sikidar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Government

Labour plays a very important role in the industrial production of the country. The human resource managers are concerned with the management of people at work. It is necessary to secure the co-operation of labour force in order to increase the production and earn higher profits. The co-operation of labour force is possible only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and the working conditions on the job. In the past, industrialists and the employers believed that their only duty towards their employees was to pay them satisfactory wages and salaries. But in due course of time, in addition to providing monetary benefits, human treatment given to employees started to play a very important role in seeking their co-operation. Labour or employee welfare activities benefit not only the workers but also the management in the form of greater industrial efficiency. The welfare activities pay a good dividend in the long run, because they contribute a lot towards the health and efficiency of the workers and towards a high morale. On the other hand, social security has come up as a dynamic concept which is considered in all advanced countries of the world as an indispensable chapter of the national programme. Social security is that security which the society furnishes through appropriate organisation against certain risks or certain contingencies to which its members are exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies against which the individual cannot afford by his small means and by his ability or foresight alone. As the name stands for general well- being of the people it is the duty of the state to promote social security which may provide the citizens with benefits designed to prevent or cure disease, to support him when he is not able to earn and to restore him to gainful activity. The state as an employer has provided for certain measures for the welfare and social security of the labourers, who contribute towards the economic development of a country and in this regard, the government has to see towards the proper implementation of such measures to maintain a harmonious industrial relation on the one side and on the other hand towards the upliftment of the members of the society. Thus, there arise the vital needs for the detailed assessments of the measures so provided, its quality of implementation so far and the level of satisfaction of the same among the different class of employees. The present study acts as a working paper with an objective to gather the opinion of the organized workforce in the Central Public Sector Enterprises with regards to their acceptance and satisfaction level of the various ‘Employees welfare and Social Security’ measures by the employers. However, the present study is restricted to two enterprises only and is undertaken with the following objectives: To analyze the opinions of the employees in respect of the labour welfare measures & social security benefits. To analyze the level of satisfaction or otherwise of the workers in respect of social security measures.

Minimum wages and inequality in Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 573-595
Author(s):  
Alice Krozer ◽  
Stefanie Garry ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on minimum wages in Mexico has focused largely on their impact on poverty, and poverty reduction, while their relationship with inequality has not been fully explored. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the status and dynamics of the minimum wage in Mexico and its relation with income inequality from a Latin American comparative perspective. In this context, we are mostly interested in juxtaposing the Mexican experience with the cases of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, as three countries of roughly comparable economic development in the region pursuing labour policies diametrically opposing those of Mexico. In light of this Mexican exceptionality, we analyse the relationship between minimum wages and inequality in the country, and what Mexico could learn from the diverging experience of the other countries, with the aim of providing some recommendations to policymakers.

3. Contracts of employment (2): content and wages

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-253
Author(s):  
Ian Smith ◽  
Aaron Baker ◽  
Owen Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores where express terms come from, especially if they are not all neatly set out in writing, and then goes on to consider how terms become implied. Here, several significant differences between ordinary commercial contracts and employment contracts will be seen, both in the scale of the use of implied terms in employment law to ‘perfect’ the bargain and in the sheer strength of some of these frequently implied terms that can, in practice, be just as important as express terms. Having looked at where these terms come from, the chapter goes on to consider the principal duties that they impose on employers and employees, some of which are old and obvious, such as the employer’s duty to pay wages and the employee’s duty of obedience to lawful orders. On the other hand, some are more recent and more at the cutting edge of modern employment law, such as the implied term of trust and confidence for the employee and the topical controversies over confidentiality at work in an age of electronic communication and social media. The chapter concludes by considering specifically the law on wages, including the statutory requirements of paying the national minimum wage and the national living wage.

scholarly journals Two empirical analyses of the minimum wage impacts on employment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yandi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Firm Level

"The contentious debates regarding minimum wages have produced little agreement so far on the extent to which it affects employment. The dissertation intends to provide a better understanding of minimum wage impacts on employment. The literature review considers both the theoretical models and empirical studies, as well as providing a detailed examination of their methodologies. Two empirical studies form the core of the dissertation. One study estimates the minimum wage impacts using state-level CPS data from 1979 to 2011 in a panel regression framework. The other study explores a natural experiment due to a legislated increase of the minimum wage in Missouri but not in Kansas. Comparing firms in the Kansas City metropolitan area on both sides of the state boundary, the analysis considers minimum wage effects at both the firm-level and individual-level for various groups of firm sizes and different earners. The analysis is performed on multiple selected broad industries. This dissertation finds that in general minimum wage reduces total employment. However, the impacts of minimum wage policy do vary substantially across industries and across groups. Firms with no more than 10 employees and new firms are more likely to experience increase in employment with the increase of minimum wages. In addition, due to substitution effects, people with wages above the minimum wages could get increased chance of being employed from this policy. In contrast, most of the estimates for people who work very few hours are insignificant. However, in the industries with higher proportions of low wage workers, that is, in retail trade and food industries, the probability of being employed for these employees is reduced. The major policy implication is that our empirical findings throw light on the importance of distinguishing between industries and between workers with different earnings."

scholarly journals A DECADAL ANALYSIS AND SENSITIVITY STUDY USING MOPITT CO COLUMNS OVER ASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W5 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lin ◽  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A New Technique

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Biomass burning and urbanization are both significant sources of CO emissions and atmospheric loadings in the real environment. The sources of CO are due to incomplete combustion, on one hand of biomass from agriculture or forest clearing, and on the other hand from coal, oil, gas, and other similar materials. However, the spatial and temporal underlying properties and patterns are quite different between these two types of source regions, with urban regions having a relatively constant source of CO emissions, with only short term concentration fluctuations due to local meteorology. On the other hand, in biomass burning regions, the emissions themselves tend to be highly concentrated over a short burning period, and very low otherwise. We hence present a new technique to classify and quantify biomass burning regions and urban regions based on an objective analysis of the CO total column measurements from the MOPITT satellite. By using all of the data from 2000&amp;ndash;2016, in connection with averages and standard deviation cutoffs, we successfully determine these regions. By performing a sensitivity analysis, in connection with additional ground-based measurements, we determine that the ideal cutoffs for the mean column loading and standard deviation of the column loading 28<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>1017<span class="thinspace"></span>mol/cm<sup>2</sup> and 6<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>1017<span class="thinspace"></span>mol/cm<sup>2</sup> respectively. These results are capable of representing known urban regions and biomass burning regions well throughout China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, specifically including Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, and Bangkok on one hand, and Northeastern India, Myanmar, Laos, Northern Thailand, and Vietnam on the other hand. A detailed analysis of the time series over the different classified regions show that while the urban areas have a much higher annual value, and a relatively long peak time, that their maximum is never as high as the peaks in the biomass burning regions, and that these peaks in the biomass burning regions are extremely short in duration, although they occur annually or bi-annually. Finally, we have not been able to obtain a statistically relevant decreasing trend, as others have found, making CO possibly an interesting species for future studies.</p>

scholarly journals INSTABILITY MODELING OF FINANCIAL PYRAMIDS

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Stasys Girdzijauskas ◽  
Vera Moskaliova
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Money Flow

The financial structures that make use of money flow for “easy money” or cheating purpose are called financial pyramids. Recently financial pyramids intensively penetrates IT area. It is rather suitable way of the fraud. Money flow modeling and activity analysis of such financial systems allows identifying financial pyramids and taking necessary means of precautions. In the other hand even investing companies that function normally when market conditions changes (e.g. interest rates) eventually might become financial pyramid. Modeling of financial pyramids allows identifying signs of such instability.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN DANA TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS BANK DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Reserve Requirements ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Small Banks

ABSTRACT This study analyzes bank liquidity, both precautionary and involuntary liquidity. This study uses dynamic panel estimation on individual bank data covering 2002 to 2011. The results show that preventive liquidity is more determined by the operation of the bank. On the other hand, involuntary liquidity is more influenced by the condition of the financial system. Regarding size, the effect of financial and macroeconomic system conditions is greater for small banks. In addition, monetary policy in the form of minimum reserve requirements affects precautionary liquidity from small banks; while the central bank's interest rates have less influence on bank liquidity. Keywords: bank liquidity, monetary policy, financial system

scholarly journals An Hourly-Wage-Based Earned Income Tax Credit: Implications For Workers, Employers, And Taxpayers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Husby
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Earned Income Tax Credit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Other Hand

What is the best way to compensate low-paid workers? A generous minimum wage may cause substantial unemployment and serious dislocations. The current combination of a modest minimum wage plus the annual-income-based earned income tax credit is, in some cases, a disincentive to work. An hourly-wage-based earned income tax credit, on the other hand, may be the most efficient and effective way to compensate the low-wage worker.

scholarly journals Foreign Exchange Reserves and the Macro-economy in the GCC Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Samih Antoine Azar ◽  
Wael Aboukhodor
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effective Exchange

This research looks into the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves and the development of the macro-economy in the Gulf and Cooperation Council countries (GCC countries), namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Using yearly data covering the period from 1996 through 2015, the empirical results show positive and significant relationships between foreign exchange reserves accumulation on one hand, and oil prices, GDP, the ratio of current account to GDP, and the ratio of broad money to GDP on the other hand. Moreover, the results point to negative and significant relationships between foreign exchange reserves accumulation on one hand, and real effective exchange rate, the ratio of debt to GDP, and call money rates on the other hand. However, the results show that the stockpile of foreign exchange reserves in the GCC countries is not sensitive to nominal effective exchange rates, neither to the ratio of imports to GDP, and nor to interest rates on the US Dollar. Furthermore, the study shows a robust and positive link between foreign exchange reserves and oil prices on the one hand and economic growth in these countries on the other hand. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document