scholarly journals Is Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw an Infection? A Histological and Microbiological Ten-Year Summary

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hinson ◽  
C. W. Smith ◽  
E. R. Siegel ◽  
B. C. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Treatments

The role of infection in the etiology of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is poorly understood. Large-scale epidemiological descriptions of the histology and microbiology of BRONJ are not found in the literature. Herein, we present a systematic review of BRONJ histology and microbiology (including demographics, immunocompromised associations, clinical signs and symptoms, disease severity, antibiotic and surgical treatments, and recovery status) validating that infection should still be considered a prime component in the multifactorial disease.

scholarly journals The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirio Fiorino ◽  
Maddalena Zippi ◽  
Claudio Gallo ◽  
Debora Sifo ◽  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Abstract In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.

scholarly journals Oroantral fistulas closure using Bichat's fat pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Marcelo Fernando do AMARAL ◽  
Luiz Antonio Portela GUERRA ◽  
Marleny Elizabeth Márquez de Martínez GERBI ◽  
Audemir Rocha MELO ◽  
David Gomes de Alencar GONDIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Oroantral Fistula ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Treatments

The oroantral fistula is one of the complications most common after dental extractions in posterior maxillary, mainly in the region of second and third molar. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, which may be present in pain, fever, hyposmia and drainage of purulent discharge; additional examinations such as computed tomography and sinus nasal endoscopy improve diagnostic precision. It is therefore of paramount importance to correct early diagnosis and treatment avoiding in this way, the symptons of sinusitis, infections and dysphonia. Several surgical techniques have been proposed for the closure of the bucosinusal fistula; the use of Bichat´s fat pad has become a successful alternative among them. Many surgical treatments have been to propose for closure of bucosinusal fistula; Bichat fat pad has been a good alternative. The propose for this article is report two cases with closure of bucosinusal fistulas through Bichat's fat pad, as well as to discuss the surgical techniques, characteristics, indications and peculiarities.

Role of Dentist in Diagnosis and Management of Mucormycosis in Association with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Piyush Dongre ◽  
Tanya Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

In surge of the novel corona virus, there is increase in the frequency of fungal infections. Mucormycosis is one of the deep fungal infections which are increasing rapidly in this global pandemic period. Thus the early diagnosis and management is of utmost importance to decline the rate of this fatal infection. The clinical signs and symptoms and the culture reports are strictly considered in the management of oral fungal infection. This review article focuses on the importance of early diagnosis, prevention and management of mucormycosis and the role of the dentist in doing so. Key words: Mucormycosis, diagnosis, management, dentist.

scholarly journals Comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features, treatment strategies, and outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ruth Jutzeler ◽  
Lucie Bourguignon ◽  
Caroline V. Weis ◽  
Bobo Tong ◽  
Cyrus Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a world-wide pandemic with an enormous medical, societal, and economic toll. Thus, our aim was to gather all available information regarding comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, outcomes, laboratory findings, imaging features, and treatments in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods EMBASE, PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published in any language between December 1st, 2019 and March 28th. Original studies were included if the exposure of interest was an infection with SARS-CoV-2 or confirmed COVID-19. The primary outcome was the risk ratio of comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging features, treatments, outcomes, and complications associated with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We performed random-effects pairwise meta-analyses for proportions and relative risks, I2, Tau2, and Cochrane Q, sensitivity analyses, and assessed publication bias. Results: 148 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis with 12149 patients (5739 female) and a median age was 47.0 [35.0-64.6]. 617 patients died from COVID-19 and its complication, while 297 patients were reported as asymptomatic. Older age (SMD: 1.25 [0.78- 1.72]; p < 0.001), being male (RR = 1.32 [1.13-1.54], p = 0.005) and pre-existing comorbidity (RR = 1.69 [1.48-1.94]; p < 0.001) were identified as risk factors of in-hospital mortality. The heterogeneity between studies varied substantially (I2; range: 1.5-98.2%). Publication bias was only found in eight studies (Eggers test: p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our meta-analyses revealed important risk factors that are associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19.

Do Sideline Tests of Vestibular and Oculomotor Function Accurately Diagnose Sports-Related Concussion in Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110279
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Harris ◽  
Alasdair R. Dempsey ◽  
Katherine Mackie ◽  
Doug King ◽  
Mark Hecimovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment tools are primarily based on subjective assessments of somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial/emotional symptoms. SRC symptoms remain underreported, and objective measures of SRC impairments would be valuable to assist diagnosis. Measurable impairments to vestibular and oculomotor processing have been shown to occur after SRC and may provide valid objective assessments. Purpose: Determine the diagnostic accuracy of sideline tests of vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction to identify SRC in adults. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched from inception until February 12, 2020. Physically active individuals (>16 years of age) who participated in sports were included. The reference standard for SRC was a combination of clinical signs and symptoms (eg, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT]), and index tests included any oculomotor assessment tool. The QUADAS tool was used to assess risk of bias, with the credibility of the evidence being rated according to GRADE. Results: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. All included studies used the King-Devick test, with no other measures being identified. Meta-analysis was performed on 4 studies with a summary sensitivity and specificity of 0.77 and 0.82, respectively. The overall credibility of the evidence was rated as very low. Conclusion: Caution must be taken when interpreting these results given the very low credibility of the evidence, and the true summary sensitivity and specificity may substantially differ from the values calculated within this systematic review. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians using the King-Devick test to diagnose SRC in adults do so in conjunction with other tools such as the SCAT. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018106632.

scholarly journals Clinical and biomarker profile of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Archana Bhat ◽  
Don Gregory Mascarenhas ◽  
J Manjunath ◽  
Anand Kumar R ◽  
Sucharitha Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction and Aim:A novel beta-coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China during the early December 2019 and spread globally. The clinical signs and symptoms and the disease severity in people infected with COVID-19 can be varied. The present study was conducted to study the biomarker profile and their association with disease severity in COVID-19.   Materials and Methods:This was a single-centre Cohort study of data regarding epidemiological, clinical and biomarker parameters, and outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. CDC guidelines were followed for assessing disease severity.   Results:A total of 336 COVID-19 patients were admitted during the study period. Of these 16 were excluded and 320 cases were analysed. Mean age of patients was 44.82 years. A male predominance was observed. Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbidity. Asymptomatic, Mild, moderate, severe and critical disease was seen in 15%, 52.5%, 20.3%, 6.3% and 5.9% patients respectively. ICU care was required in 15.3%. Overall mortality was 5.3%. The mean NLR, ALC, CRP, LCR, LDH, Ferritin and D-dimer in the severe group vs non-severe groupwere19.03 vs 4.2, 1025cells/cumm vs 1740cells/cumm, 185.8mg/L vs 31.7mg/L, 17.1 vs 996.3, 552.8IU/L vs 252.7IU/L, 2531.9ng/ml vs 414.1ng/ml and 2245.5ng/ml vs 339.4ng/ml respectively.   Conclusion:An increased NLR, CRP, LDH, Ferritin and D-dimer and a reduced ALC and LCR are significantly associated with disease severity, need for ICU and mortality. These biomarkers will be useful adjunct to clinical assessment in better categorising and management of COVID-19 patients.

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