scholarly journals Study on Tar Generated from Downdraft Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Mekbib Atnaw ◽  
Soo Chuan Kueh ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Palm Fronds

One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of oil palm fronds (OPF) is the presence of tar and particulates formed during the process considering its high volatile matter content. In this study, a tar sampling train custom built based on standard tar sampling protocols was used to quantify the gravimetric concentration of tar (g/Nm3) in syngas produced from downdraft gasification of OPF. The amount of char, ash, and solid tar produced from the gasification process was measured in order to account for the mass and carbon conversion efficiency. Elemental analysis of the char and solid tar samples was done using ultimate analysis machine, while the relative concentration of the different compounds in the liquid tar was determined making use of a liquid gas chromatography (GC) unit. Average tar concentration of 4.928 g/Nm3and 1.923 g/Nm3was obtained for raw gas and cleaned gas samples, respectively. Tar concentration in the raw gas sample was found to be higher compared to results for other biomass materials, which could be attributed to the higher volatile matter percentage of OPF. Average cleaning efficiency of 61% which is comparable to that of sand bed filter and venturi scrubber cleaning systems reported in the literature was obtained for the cleaning system proposed in the current study.

Determination of the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Oil Palm Fronds Feedstock for Gasification Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Guangul ◽  
S.A. Sulaiman ◽  
M.N. Moni ◽  
S.M. Atnaw ◽  
R.E. Konda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Palm Fronds

A Utilization of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Integrated with Alkaline Earth Metal Hexahydrate in the Pretreatment of Oil Palm Fronds

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2026
Author(s):  
Eng Kein New ◽  
Ta Yeong Wu ◽  
Khai Shing Voon ◽  
Alessandra Procentese ◽  
Katrina Pui Yee Shak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Fronds

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Characteristics of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Fronds with the Addition of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as an Activator

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Gewa Handika
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Palm Fronds

This paper aims to understand the difference in characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) through the addition of two different activators, namely sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl). To do this, activator concentration of 10 percent each with activation temperature of 600 oC were applied in the experiment. Moreover, to determine the quality of activated carbon produced, a morphological analysis of activated carbon surfaces as well as FTIR spectra analysis on activated carbon. Identification using FTIR spectrophotometer revealed that the activated carbon in this study contained functional groups of O-H, C = O, C = C, C-C, and C-H.

Performance of a solar-assisted solid desiccant dryer for oil palm fronds drying

Solar Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Misha ◽  
S. Mat ◽  
M.H. Ruslan ◽  
E. Salleh ◽  
K. Sopian
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Fronds

Synergistic effects on process parameters to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of alkaline oil palm fronds

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masniroszaime Md Zain ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Shuhaida Harun ◽  
Nurul Aina Fauzi ◽  
Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The Effects of Oil Palm Fronds Silage Supplemented with Urea-Calcium Hydroxide on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility of Thai Native-Anglo Nubian Goats

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Pin Chanjula ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Palm Frond

This study aimed to examine the combined effects of urea and calcium hydroxide ensiled oil palm fronds on rumen fermentation and digestibility of Thai native-Anglo Nubian goats. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to randomly assign four male crossbred goats (Thai native × Anglo Nubian). The dietary treatments were as follows: ensiled oil palm frond with no additives (EOPF as the control), urea 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UOPF 5%), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) 5% (50 g/kg fresh matter) (E-CaOPF 5%), and combination of urea 2.5% (25 g/kg fresh matter) with Ca(OH)2 (25 g/kg fresh matter) (E-UCOPF 2.5%). The oil palm frond ensiled with different additives did not change the DM intake (p > 0.05). The total TMR intakes range from 69.39 to 77.09 g/kg BW0.75. The goats fed with E-UOPF 5.0% consumed significantly more CP than the other groups (p < 0.05). The E-UCOPF increased ME intake by 4.8%, compared with the control treatment (p < 0.05). E-UOPF 5% and E-UCOPF 2.5% significantly increased the CP digestibility by 19.7% and 17.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% improved the NDF digestibility by about 10.9% and 9.90%, respectively (p < 0.05). The urea-containing oil palm frond (E-UOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5%) had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than the other groups (p < 0.05). The TVFA of goats fed E-UCOPF 2.5% was approximately 15.8% higher than that of goats provide EOPF (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of C3 increased by 7.90% and 11.61%, respectively, when E-CaOPF 5.0% and E-UCOPF 2.5% were provided instead of EOPF (p < 0.05). The total N intake and absorbed were highest (p < 0.05) when goats offered E-UOPF 5.0% (p < 0.05). The goats fed oil palm frond without additives had the lowest percentage of N-absorption/N intake (p < 0.05). This study clearly shows that the most suitable treatment is E-UCOPF 2.5%, which enhances DMD, nutrient digestibility, TVFAs, and nitrogen balance and has no negative effects on rumen microbes. This indicates that E-UCOPF 2.5% may be utilized as an alternate roughage source in TMR diets, accounting for at least 40% of the OPF. However, several factors still require consideration for urea-Ca(OH)2 treatments to be successful, including other concentrations of urea, moisture content, duration of pre-treatment, and the metabolizable protein system.

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