scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Co-Gasification of Crude Glycerol/Animal Fat Mixtures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Ana Almeida ◽  
Rosa Pilão ◽  
Albina Ribeiro ◽  
Elisa Ramalho ◽  
Carlos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
Gasification Temperature

The aim of this work was to assess the technical viability of glycerol/fat co-gasification. The gasification performance was studied in a downflow fixed bed reactor using activated alumina particles as bed material and steam as oxidizing agent. The effect of gasification temperature, from 800 to 950 °C was studied with a feed mixture with 10% (w/w) of animal fat. The influence of fat incorporation on the feedstock in the overall gasification process was also performed, using 3% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) of fat in feed mixtures. Samples of dry gas from the gasifier were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography in order to determine the CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 content. The best results were obtained using the highest tested temperature, 950 °C, and using 3% (w/w) of animal fat in the feed mixture. The overall results revealed that the co-gasification of glycerol/animal fat mixtures seems to be a feasible technical option.

Fuel Gases from Gasification Process of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Kaew Saetiaw ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Thermosetting Composite ◽  
Gas Conversion

Currently solid wastes generated from manufacturing process of thermosetting composite have caused environmental problems because they are non biodegradable product and cannot be recycled or remolded due to chemically crosslinked. Thus, the aim of this research is to convert glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite waste to fuel gases by gasification process. The composite waste was first grounded and its thermal decomposition behavior was then investigated using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from an ambient to 900°C at heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. The results showed that major decomposition temperatures of the epoxy matrix were ranging from 300 to 450°C. The composite sample was then mixed with two different catalysts, olivine (LiFePO4) or 10%NiAl2O3in order to study the effect of catalyst on gas conversion efficiency before it was gasified in a fixed bed reactor at final temperature of 500, 600, 700, and 800°C under nitrogen mixed with air at total flow rate of 200 mL/min. Gasification process indicated that solid residues were mainly brittle black containing residual glass fiber. The significant increasing of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide conversion was achieved from sample mixed with olivine catalyst at gasification temperature of 700°C, when compared with result without catalyst at baseline conversion of 500°C as. Therefore, it can be expected that gasification process is a promising method to deal with epoxy composite for producing renewable energy.

scholarly journals Study on Tar Generated from Downdraft Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Mekbib Atnaw ◽  
Soo Chuan Kueh ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Palm Fronds

One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of oil palm fronds (OPF) is the presence of tar and particulates formed during the process considering its high volatile matter content. In this study, a tar sampling train custom built based on standard tar sampling protocols was used to quantify the gravimetric concentration of tar (g/Nm3) in syngas produced from downdraft gasification of OPF. The amount of char, ash, and solid tar produced from the gasification process was measured in order to account for the mass and carbon conversion efficiency. Elemental analysis of the char and solid tar samples was done using ultimate analysis machine, while the relative concentration of the different compounds in the liquid tar was determined making use of a liquid gas chromatography (GC) unit. Average tar concentration of 4.928 g/Nm3and 1.923 g/Nm3was obtained for raw gas and cleaned gas samples, respectively. Tar concentration in the raw gas sample was found to be higher compared to results for other biomass materials, which could be attributed to the higher volatile matter percentage of OPF. Average cleaning efficiency of 61% which is comparable to that of sand bed filter and venturi scrubber cleaning systems reported in the literature was obtained for the cleaning system proposed in the current study.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Coconut Shell by Torrefaction for Pyrolysis Conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
R Ahmad ◽  
S M Ahmahdi ◽  
A R Mohamed ◽  
C Z A Abidin ◽  
N N Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

Abstract This study describes the influence of torrefied coconut shell (CS) as solid fuel on pyrolysis product yield. The CS were torrefied and then pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperature and reaction time. The raw and torrefied CS were analysed for mass and energy yield, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The pyrolysis products yield were compared between raw CS and torrefied CS. The results showed that the properties of torrefied CS in terms of proximate and ultimate analysis were enhanced than raw CS. The calorific value for torrefied CS increased 17.17 MJ/kg to 22.25 MJ/kg. The optimum condition obtained for torrefaction pretreatment was at 275 °C and reaction time of 60 min. The highest bio-oil yield of 45% from pyrolysis process was at temperature and reaction time of 500 °C and 6 min, respectively. Thus, these results indicate torrefied CS was a suitable fuel feedstock to conduct in thermal conversion such as pyrolysis.

Production and characterization of bio-oil from algae using pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-038
Author(s):  
J Sani ◽  
T Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis of the algae (chlorophyceac) was carried out using fixed bed reactor at 4500C. The mass balance of the pyrolysed algae were liquid fraction (oil) (10%), gaseous product (11%), solid product (char) (79%) and extent of conversion (21%. The proximate analysis of powdered sample was carried out in accordance with the official method of analytical chemistry (AOAC). The moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon determined were 3 + 0.33, 70.3 + 0.5, 6.3 + 0.3 and 20.2 + 0.07 respectively. The result obtained indicate that algae (chlorophyceae) could be used as feedstock for generation of pyrolysed oil which could probably be upgraded to fuel for both domestic and industrial purposes.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass With Activated Alumina

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates¸
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

In this study, corncob was chosen as a biomass sample and the pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then, experiments were conducted with a heating rate of 700 °C/min, mean particle size and between 300–800 °C pyrolysis temperatures with or without catalyst. The catalytic experiments involved a dry mixing of the catalyst with the biomass using an in bed-mode in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the experimental studies, influence of catalyst and temperature on the corncob products was investigated. According to the experimental results; maximum bio-oil yield was obtained as 36.1% and 34.8% with or without catalyst at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, respectively. The use of catalyst showed its cracking effect at higher temperatures and the gas yield increased above pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis and GC/MS. According to all results; the use of catalyst can be suggested in the pyrolysis to obtain both good quality fuels and valuable chemicals.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization of Representative Firewood Species Used for Cooking in Some Colombian Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán E. Díez ◽  
Juan F. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Secondary Information

Socioeconomic conditions and the main firewood species used for cooking in three Colombian regions are studied in this work. The species collected were Cordia alliodora, Guazuma ulmifolia, Eucalyptus grandis, and Pinus patula. The used patterns of biomass and socioeconomic conditions of the selected regions were defined by means of secondary information. Firewood was physicochemically characterized and the species are compared with fossil fuels with regard to emissions of CO2, energy density, and costs. The studied regions require solutions to use firewood in eco-efficient systems, since in these rural regions people use biomass as an energy source. Studied firewood species are suitable to be gasified in fixed bed reactors due to their high volatile matter content (>80%) and low ash content (<1.8%). Pinus patula is the one with the highest fuel value index, mainly due to its low ash content (0.4%). The firewood consumption in advanced stoves has environmental advantages resulting from its low CO2 emissions: a cubic meter of Eucalyptus could replace 113 liters of kerosene or 120 m3 of natural gas for cooking applications.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization and Identification of Wood Species in Benin with High Bio-thermal Conversion for Carbonization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Adéniyi Fagbemi ◽  
Gaston Ganhoun ◽  
David Gildas F. Adamon ◽  
Evrard Karol Ekouedjen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical characteristics of ten tropical wood species in Benin were determined to identify the species with high bio-thermal conversion for carbonization (charcoal production).  The wood species were obtained from Dassa-Zoume, Dan, and Djidja localities in Central region, where charcoal production is a major economic activity.  The physico-chemical properties determined were elemental composition, fixed carbon content, volatile matter content, ash content, and calorific value.  The species selection criteria was quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical method implemented by R-software package. The three wood species identified as most suitable for bio-thermal conversion were Burkea africana (Wild Syringa), Prosopis africana (Mesquite Iron Tree) and Bridelia ferruginea (Bridelia Yellow Cassia), which exhibited high calorific values, high fixed carbon levels and relatively low proportions of ash and volatile matter.

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