scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Alcohol on Drivers and Driving Performance on Straight Road

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
Xingjian Zhang ◽  
Jian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Lane Position

Drinking driving is responsible for a high proportion of traffic accidents. To study the effects of alcohol on drivers and driving performance, 25 drivers’ subjective feelings and driving performance data in different blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) levels were collected with simulated driving experiment. The investigation results revealed that alcohol affected drivers in many aspects, including attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception, reaction, and controlling. The analysis of accident rate showed that higher BAC level would lead to higher accident rate. The statistical analysis results of driving performance indicated that average speed, speed standard deviation, and lane position standard deviation were significantly higher under the influence of alcohol. They also had a statistically significant linear trend as the function of BAC level. The discrimination of drinking driving based on driving performance was performed with Fisher discrimination method. The results showed that drinking driving with higher BAC level was easier to discriminate from normal driving. Also, the results indicated that the three significant indicators on straight roadway could be used in the discrimination of drinking driving state. The conclusions can provide references for the study of drinking driving and the identification of driving state and then contribute to traffic safety.

scholarly journals Impact of legislation to reduce the drink-drive limit on road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption in Scotland: a natural experiment study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lewsey ◽  
Houra Haghpanahan ◽  
Daniel Mackay ◽  
Emma McIntosh ◽  
Jill Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Per Capita

Background It is widely recognised that drink driving is a leading cause of road traffic accidents (RTAs). There is evidence that changing the drink-drive limit from a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 to 0.05 g/dl is effective in reducing RTAs. Scotland changed the blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.05 g/dl on 5 December 2014. Aims To assess whether or not the numbers and rates of RTAs and per capita alcohol consumption in Scotland were reduced because of the 2014 drink-drive legislation. To assess whether or not the 2014 change in legislation provided good value for money. Design A natural experimental, quantitative study. The control group was England and Wales, that is, the other countries in Great Britain, where the drink-drive legislation remained unchanged. Setting Great Britain. Participants The entire population of Scotland, England and Wales for the period of January 2013–December 2016. Intervention The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland. Outcome measures The counts and rates of RTAs; and per capita alcohol consumption. Methods For the numbers and rates of RTAs (both traffic flow and population denominators were used), and separately for the intervention and control trial groups, negative binomial regression models were fitted to panel data sets to test for a change in outcome level after the new 2014 legislation was in place. To obtain a ‘difference-in-differences’ (DiD)-type measure of effect, an interaction term between the intervention group indicator and the binary covariate for indicating pre and post change in legislation (‘pseudo’-change for the control group) was assessed. For off- and on-trade per capita alcohol sales, and separately for the intervention and control trial group, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average error models were fitted to the relevant time series. Results The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 2% relative decrease in RTAs in Scotland [relative risk (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04; p = 0.53]. However, the pseudo-change in legislation was associated with a 5% decrease in RTAs in England and Wales (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; p = 0.05). For RTA rates, with traffic flow as the denominator, the DiD-type estimate indicated a 7% increase in rates for Scotland relative to England and Wales (unadjusted RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.17; p = 0.1). The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 0.3% relative decrease in per capita off-trade sales (–0.3%, 95% CI –1.7% to 1.1%; p = 0.71) and a 0.7% decrease in per capita on-trade sales (–0.7%, 95% CI –0.8% to –0.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland in December 2014 did not have the expected effect of reducing RTAs in the country, and nor did it change alcohol drinking levels in Scotland. This main finding for RTAs was unexpected and the research has shown that a lack of enforcement is the most likely reason for legislation failure. Future work Investigations into how the public interpret and act on changes in drink-drive legislation would be welcome, as would research into whether or not previous change in drink-drive legislation effects on RTAs in other jurisdictions are associated with the level of enforcement that took place. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38602189. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Remarks on patients with traumatic brain injury due to traffic accident related to alcohol comsumption treated in Vietduc hospital after implementing the decree 100

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Chinh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Risk Of Death

Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of victims by traffic accident. Despite a fact that many measurements and preventions have been applied, the rate of TBI is remained high. Aim of this study was to investigate treatment process of TBI caused by road traffic accident at Viet Duc Hospital after the Decree 100 which has been issued in Vietnam in early 2020. Materials and method: A retrospective and prospective study has been conducted in Viet Duc Hospital from Dec, 2020 to March, 2021. All the patients with TBI by road traffic accident were enrolled. Severity of TBI was identified by Glasgow Scale (GCS) and BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) test taken on arrival. The data was collected from medical record as well as autopsy report and analysed by SPSS.20.0 Results: A total of 150 patients with TBI by road traffic accidents were enrolled, age group from 21 to 60 years old accounted for 64%, male accounted for 86.7%. Associated injuries were maxillofacial lesions 48%, extremities 24.7%, chest accounted for 20%. Severity of TBI with GCS 6 - 8 was the highest rate 52%, from 3 - 5 GCS accounted for 30%. 40% were operated on emergency; BAC was positive 46.7%, of which over from 50 mg/L accounted for 32.6%. The patients with GCS from 6 to 8 were BAC positive accounted for a higher rate than groups with GCS above 9 or below 5. The most common TBI lesions were subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and cerebral edema accounted for 67.3%, 60% and 58% respectively. Overall mortality was 26% including in-hospital death and discharged to die. Conclusions and recommendations: Data from the study has shown that many young men with severe TBI by road traffic accident were BAC positive which can results in the high risk of death and disability. Thus, we highly recommend counterparts should constantly strengthen the propaganda and enforcement measures in order to reduce traffic accidents and TBI patients. Keywords: traffic accidents; injury; brain trauma severity.

Correlating the Blood Alcohol Concentration with Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury: Too Much Is Not a Bad Thing

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1416-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherisse Berry ◽  
Eric J. Ley ◽  
Daniel R. Margulies ◽  
James Mirocha ◽  
Marko Bukur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Relationship

Although recent evidence suggests a beneficial effect of alcohol for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the level of alcohol that confers the protective effect is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between admission blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and outcomes in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. From 2005 to 2009, the Los Angeles County Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 years of age with isolated moderate to severe TBI and admission serum alcohol levels. Patients were then stratified into four levels based on admission BAC: None (0 mg/dL), low (0-100 mg/dL), moderate (100-230 mg/dL), and high (≥230 mg/dL). Demographics, patient characteristics, and outcomes were compared across levels. In evaluating 3794 patients, the mortality rate decreased with increasing BAC levels (linear trend P < 0.0001). In determining the relationship between BAC and mortality, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a high BAC level was significantly protective (adjusted odds ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-0.8; P = 0.002). In the largest study to date, a high (≥230 mg/dL) admission BAC was independently associated with improved survival in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Additional research is warranted to investigate the potential therapeutic implications.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF MEASURES TO ENSURE ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (24) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Evgen Minenko ◽  
◽  
Olexandr Pyna ◽  
Olga Belenchuk ◽  
Tetyana Bondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rate Analysis

Introduction. Undesirable consequences of fast increase of the vehicle fleet are an increase in the level of accident rate and the number of deaths and injuries in traffic accidents (hereinafter accidents). The positive experience of other countries shows that objectives indicators for reducing the number of traffic accident victims by implementing reasonable measures to eliminate the dominant causes of accidents is the most effective way to achieve the desired result in improving traffic safety. Problem statement. Considering the enormous economic lost caused by traffic accidents, improving of traffic safety has been a priority in the policies of many countries around the world in recent decades. In this regard, the international community pays considerable attention to the development of targeted programs and implementation of traffic safety measures directed at preventing the road traffic injuries. In particular, on March 2, 2010, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 64/255 «Improving Traffic Safety Worldwide», which proclaimed the 2011–2020 «Decade of Traffic Safety Actions» to reduce deaths from injuries sustained as a result of traffic accident — by 50%. Ukraine, through which seven international transport corridors run [1], did not stay away from solving the common problem and joined in 2011 to the UN initiative regarding reducing the death rate due to traffic accidents by at least 30 % [2]. For evaluation of the achieved result, it is important to analyze the accident statistics and determine whether the planned results were achieved through the implementation of planned measures to improve traffic safety. Purpose. The article considers the dynamics of accident rate and the number of traffic accidents victims in Ukraine for the period 2011–2020, as well as analyzes the main causes of traffic accidents on the public roads, including roads of state importance, to evaluate the outcome of the Decade of Traffic Safety Actions and providing the recommendations for further decreasing of mortality on domestic roads. Materials and methods. The study used the method of statistical processing of data on the number of accidents and their victims in Ukraine and the method of systematic analysis of risk factors that contributed to the accidents. Results. It is determined that the total number of fatalities in traffic accidents for the period 2011–2020 decreased in Ukraine by 27.8 %, and on the public roads — by 44.0 %. However, considering that since 2014 there are no data on traffic accidents in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and partly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the indicator of decreasing of deaths per 100 traffic accidents and the result shows more modest achievements: in Ukraine it was possible to reduce deaths by 100 traffic accidents per 100 14 %, and on the public roads — only 5.4 %. Conclusions. Accident rate analysis provides an information basis for understanding the scale of the problem of traffic injuries, evaluating the results of implemented measures to improve traffic safety, the dynamics of positive or negative developments, and allows to plan reasonably the measures to improve road conditions to reduce mortality on roads.

Towards Mitigating Teenagers’ Distracted Driving Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1879-1883
Author(s):  
Maryam Merrikhpour ◽  
Birsen Donmez
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
Lane Position

Distraction contributes significantly to teens’ crash risks. Previous studies show that feedback can help mitigate distraction among young and adult drivers; however, the type of feedback that is effective for teenagers remains unexamined. This paper investigates whether real-time and post-drive feedback can mitigate teens’ driver distraction and reports preliminary findings from an ongoing simulator study. Data reported was collected in a between-subjects experiment with three conditions: real-time (n= 8), post-drive (n= 8), and no feedback (n= 9). Real-time feedback was provided as auditory warnings when teens had long offroad glances (>2 sec). Post-drive feedback was an end-of-trip report on teens’ off-road glances and driving performance provided on an in-vehicle display. Compared to no feedback, real-time feedback resulted in significantly smaller number of long off-road glances (>2 sec), smaller average duration of off-road glances, and smaller standard deviation of lane position. The effects observed for post-drive feedback were relatively minor.

scholarly journals Differences between attendance in emergency care of male and female victims of traffic accidents in Porto alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 3925-3930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Forgiarini Saldanha ◽  
Flavio Pechansky ◽  
Daniela Benzano ◽  
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Martins de Barros ◽  
Raquel Brandini De Boni
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs (DUI) is a well-established risk factor for traffic accidents, and men and women have different consumption patterns. The scope of this paper is to analyze differences in alcohol and drug consumption, as well as on behavior associated with traffic accidents among men and women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 609 sequential traffic accident victims attended in emergency care from Porto Alegre. Subjects gave a structured interview, were breathalyzed and had a saliva test for alcohol/drug screening. Results showed that women were mainly passengers or pedestrians (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in positive blood alcohol concentration. However, men reported more binge drinking and THC use, while women had more benzodiazepine in their saliva (p<0.05). This is the first Brazilian study to compare alcohol and drug use among men and women who were the victims of traffic accidents. Results point to differences in the pattern of substance abuse, as well on risk behavior. Data may be useful for specific prevention strategies that take gender differences into consideration.

Task Demand and Alcohol Effects on Simulated Driving Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Ranney ◽  
Valerie J. Gawron
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Alcohol Condition ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Alcohol Effects

The effects of alcohol-impaired driving were hypothesized to vary depending upon the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of the driver and the external demands of the driving situation. To examine the effects of task demand on the performance of drivers under sober and alcohol-dosed conditions, a driving simulation experiment was conducted. Twelve subjects drove a simulator under three levels of BAC and two levels of task demand. The task required negotiation of curves, responses to selected traffic signs and avoidance of unexpected obstacles. Alcohol effects were evident in overall driving performance, in the responses to curves, and in the number of obstacles struck. Increasing the demands of the driving task had no effect on performance in curve approach and negotiation, and influenced only one general measure of driving performance. With the exception of reaction time to signs, increased task demand did not change the effects of alcohol. In the high demand/high alcohol condition, subjects were able to compensate for the increased number of obstacles struck by more efficient responding to signs.

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