Canine Filarial Infections in a HumanBrugia malayiEndemic Area of India

A very high prevalence of microfilaremia of 42.68 per cent out of 164 canine blood samples examined was observed in Cherthala (of Alappuzha district of Kerala state), a known humanBrugia malayiendemic area of south India. The species of canine microfilariae were identified asDirofilaria repens, Brugia malayi, andAcanthocheilonema reconditum.D. repenswas the most commonly detected species followed byB. pahangi.D. immitiswas not detected in any of the samples examined. Based on molecular techniques, microfilariae with histochemical staining pattern of “local staining at anal pore and diffuse staining at central body” was identified asD. repensin addition to those showing acid phosphatase activity only at the anal pore. Even thoughB. malayilike acid phosphatase activity was observed in few dogs examined, they were identified as genetically closer toB. pahangi. Hence, the possibility of dogs acting as reservoirs of humanB. malayiin this area was ruled out.

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Acid and alkaline phosphatases in the lymphomyeloid tissues of elasmobranch fish

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400041370 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 727-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ragnar Fänge

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

High Activity ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Alkaline Phosphatases ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Alkaline Reaction ◽

Elasmobranch Fish ◽

Very High

Activities of phosphomonoesterases were measured at acid and at alkaline reaction (pH 4–5 or 9–65) in homogenates of elasmobranch tissues especially lymphomyeloid structures. The animals were dogfish (Scyliorhinus caniculd) and two species of ray (Raja brachyura, R. naevus). Acid phosphatase activity was high in the epigonal tissue, Leydig's organ, the spleen and the thymus. High activity was also found in the pancreas and the kidney, whereas skeletal and cardiac muscle showed low values. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was very high in the kidney and relatively low in other tissues. Ultrasonification of homogenates from the dogfish resulted in increase of acid phosphatase activity but had little effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. The high activity of acid phosphatase in lymphomyeloid tissue may be due to the presence of large numbers of various types of leucocytes.

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A comparison of the sites of acid phosphatase activity in an adult filaria, Setaria sp. and in some gastro -intestinal nematodes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000061990 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 603-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jun Maki ◽

Toshio Yanagisawa

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Alimentary Canal ◽

Body Wall ◽

The Body ◽

Luminal Surface ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Similar Activity ◽

Very High

SUMMARYThe histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in an adult filaria, Setaria sp. obtained from the peritoneal cavity of a cow was closely examined and compared with that of adult nematodes parasitic in the host alimentary canal; special attention was paid to the intestine and body wall of the parasites. Setaria sp. was found to show high acid phosphatase activity in the interchordal hypodermis of the body wall and uterine microfilariae, and similar activity is suspected to occur in the cuticle. The intestine of this nematode exhibited very low, if any, activity. In contrast, nematodes parasitic on the alimentary canal, such as Toxocara cati, T. canis, Physaloptera sp. and Ancylostoma caninum, showed no activity in the body wall and very high activity in the luminal surface of their intestine. The possible function of the abundant acid phosphatase in the body wall of this filaria is discussed.

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QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF MAMMALS: ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATES AND p-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE IN NORMAL AND CORTISONE-TREATED RATS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0360115 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 115-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I.-B. TÄLJEDAL ◽

B. HELLMAN ◽

C. HELLERSTRÖM

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Histochemical Staining ◽

Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽

Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽

Hydrolysis Of

SUMMARY Chemical micromethods and histochemical staining were employed for studies of the enzymic hydrolysis of inosine diphosphate (IDP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the non-specific acid phosphatase activity of the endocrine pancreas from normal and cortisone-treated rats. The following observations were made: 1. Enzymic dephosphorylation of IDP and ADP was maximal at about pH 8·0. Magnesium and manganese ions enhanced the phosphate liberation, the hydrolysis of ADP being more activated than that of IDP. A marked inhibition of enzyme activity towards either substrate was produced by sodium fluoride, sodium cyanide and ethylene-diaminotetraacetate. Acid phosphatase activity was maximal at about pH 5·5, a tendency for a second activity optimum was noted at about pH 4·0. Acid phosphatase activity was markedly inhibited by sodium fluoride, tartaric acid and formaldehyde. 2. Histochemical staining revealed marked enzyme activity towards IDP and ADP in the capillaries and walls of the large blood vessels throughout the pancreas, whereas the islet cells displayed a moderate reaction. The staining intensity was the same with IDP as with ADP. 3. Cortisone administration reduced the rate of cleavage of both IDP and ADP in both the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas, but the enzymic splitting of these substrates remained unchanged in the liver. Acid phosphatase activity was not influenced in any of these tissues by the steroid treatment.

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Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100664 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

O. T. Minick ◽

E. Orfei ◽

F. Volini ◽

G. Kent

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Kupffer Cells ◽

Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽

Common Type ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Fragments ◽

Reticulo Endothelial System ◽

Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

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