scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis for the Optimization of a Design in a Facultative Pond: Indicator Organism and Organic Matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo Cortés Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Treviño Cansino ◽  
María Aracelia Alcorta García ◽  
Vyacheslav Kalashnikov ◽  
Ramón Luévanos Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Indicator Organism ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Stabilization ponds are easy to operate and their maintenance is simple. Treatment is carried out naturally and they are recommended in developing countries. The main disadvantage of these systems is the large land area they occupy. The aim of this study was to perform an optimization in the design and cost of a facultative pond, considering a mathematical analysis of the traditional methodology to determine the model constraints (fecal coliforms and organic matter). Matlab optimization toolbox was used for nonlinear programming. A facultative pond with the traditional method was designed and then the optimization system was applied. Both analyses meet the treated water quality requirements for the discharge to the receiving bodies. The results show a reduction of hydraulic retention time by 4.82 days, and a decrease in the area of 17.9 percent over the traditional method. A sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model is included. It is recommended to realize a full-scale study in order to verify the results of the optimization.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis for the Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Systems in Facultative Pond Indicator Organic Matter

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 05008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunarsih ◽  
Widowati ◽  
Kartono ◽  
Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Stabilization ponds are easy to operate and their maintenance is simple. Treatment is carried out naturally and they are recommended in developing countries. The main disadvantage of these systems is large land area they occupy. The aim of this study was to perform an optimization of the wastewater treatment systems in a facultative pond, considering a mathematical analysis of the methodology to determine the model constrains organic matter. Matlab optimization toolbox was used for non linear programming. A facultative pond with the method was designed and then the optimization system was applied. The analyse meet the treated water quality requirements for the discharge to the water bodies. The results show a reduction of hydraulic retention time by 4.83 days, and the efficiency of of wastewater treatment of 84.16 percent.

scholarly journals Stabilization of anarobic digestor sludge through vermicomposting

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Rajpal ◽  
Renu Bhargava ◽  
A. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Indicator Organism ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this study, efficiency of vermitechnology in stabilizing sludge without pre-treatment was studied. The sludge was directly introduced in the vermicomposting reactors after their withdrawal from the bio-methanation reactor installed for experimentation on domestic waste. One Liter (5% TS) sludge was loaded after every fourth day and it was discontinued after sixteen days. However, the chemical analysis of the compost was done till twentyfourth day. The present study also evaluated the potential of one indigenous Perionyx excavates (P.e.) and one exotic epigeic earthworm species Eisenia fetida (E.f). The results clearly elucidate that vermireactor with indigenous earthworms (P.e) gives over all comparable similar results with world wide known exotic species (E.f). The results of the study show a significant reduction in initial C/N ratio from an initial value of 19 to 9 for all reactors with earthworms, total organic matter (TOC) reduced by 50% and pH also reduced nearer to neutral, but increase in, total nitrogen (TN) 95%, NH4+-N reduced from 0.52% to 0.31% and NO3-N increased from 0 to 0.13%, total phosphorus (TP) increased from the initial concentration of 0.76% to 1.31%., However, removal efficiency of Fecal coliforms (indicator organism) in the prepared vermicompost through P.e and E.f was in the 6 log and 7 log (MPN/gm) respectively.

Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
L. Gillerman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

scholarly journals Influence of a new ornamental species (Spathiphyllum blandum) on the removal of COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms: a mesocosm wetland study with PET and tezontle substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sandoval ◽  
Florentina Zurita ◽  
Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel ◽  
Jacel Adame-García ◽  
José Luis Marín-Muñíz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Species ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Ornamental Species

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a new species of plant (Spathiphyllum blandum) in the elimination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms (FCs) in mesocosms of wetlands with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and tezontle substrates under a tropical climate. The experiments were developed at the mesocosm level in 20 experimental units; 10 were planted with Spathiphyllum blandum, five in PET substrates and five in tezontle, and 10 more were used as controls without vegetation, of which five contained tezontle and five contained PET. The systems were fed with contaminated water from the river Sordo, with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days for 12 months; samples were taken in the influent and effluents of the mesocosms every 2 weeks, with the purpose of evaluating the removal of contaminants. The results showed that presence of this species tended to improve or significantly improved the removal of COD, NH4-N, PO4-P, and FCs by 7%, 16%, 29% and 12%, respectively. It was also possible to confirm that the presence of this species reduced the rate of denitrification. These results confirm that in developing countries it is feasible to find new wetland species to be used for wastewater phytoremediation.

Modelling in-sewer pollutant degradation processes in the Costa do Estoril sewer system

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mourato ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
M. Almeida ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Characteristics of wastewater vary during transportation through sewer systems as a result of a number of processes. Under aerobic conditions, in long sewer systems, the reduction of the BOD or COD may be similar to the reduction obtained in conventional primary settling tanks. The mathematical model that was developed is based on a number of different existing models: the ASM n. 1 and ASM n. 2 models, the AEROSEPT model and the WATS model. The model also includes a prediction of reaeration at falls. The module of the anoxic conditions was adapted from the ASM n. 2 model. This module is a first attempt to model the degradation of organic matter in sewer systems under anoxic conditions. The mathematical model was applied to the Costa do Estoril intercepting sewer, and the obtained results are discussed taken into account the experimental data that was collected during a three-month period. Average removals of dissolved COD over 20% have been obtained. In the paper special emphasis is given to the importance of the performance of the Costa do Estoril sewer system as a biological reactor.

scholarly journals Relationship between Coliform Bacteria and Water Quality Factors at Weir Stations in the Nakdong River, South Korea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijin Seo ◽  
Haejin Lee ◽  
Yongseok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Nakdong River

Artificial structures installed in rivers can change the natural physical, physiochemical, and biological characteristics of the rivers. Coliform bacteria are important water quality indicators, related to human health. This study investigated the relationship between coliform bacteria and water quality factors at eight weir stations constructed in the Nakdong River, a major river in South Korea. Fifteen water quality factors were analyzed at these sites from 2012 to 2016 using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results for all stations confirmed the analytical validity, with high adjusted R2 values of approximately 0.6 and 0.8 on average for total and fecal coliforms, respectively. The results showed influential water quality factors affecting the concentration of coliform bacteria at weir stations. Specifically, total coliforms were mostly affected by organic matter and fecal coliforms were mostly affected by phosphate phosphorus and suspended solids. Rainfall was the most influential factor affecting both coliforms. Further, both coliforms were negatively affected by organic matter below the Dalseong weir in the mid- to downstream area of the Nakdong River. A positive relationship with phosphate phosphorus was indicated at all weir stations. To the authors’ knowledge, this kind of study has never been attempted so far. Thus, the study results can provide important information on influential water quality factors related to coliform bacteria, especially in the Nakdong River, creating a foundation for future water quality management.

History and Application of Microbiological Water Quality Standards in the Marine Environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Salas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Indicator Organism ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Primary Contact ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Contact Recreation

The history and application of microbiological water quality standards in the marine environment for primary contact recreation and shell fish harvesting are presented. Special note is taken of recent investigations which concluded that Enterococci, as an indicator organism, provided the best correlation with gastrointestinal symptoms attributed to swimming in contaminated waters. The linear relationship developed between mean enterococcus density per 100 ml and swimming associated rate for gastrointestinal symptoms per 1000 persons is presented along with the U S Environmental Protection Agency proposal to adopt Enterococci as the primary indicator organism in lieu of total and fecal coliforms. One school of thought which considers microbiological guidelines/standards for primary contact recreation relevant to public health protection is compared to the opposing viewpoint that such guidelines/standards are merely useful for aesthetic considerations. International, national and local microbiological guidelines and standards in the marine environment are presented to provide a range for the water quality planner. The simple adaptation of a particular set of standards is considered inappropriate without a thorough review of local circumstances and local/ national economic factors. Also, caution should be exercised in directly applying quantitative relationships between health risk and indicator organism in other areas where the general health and immunity of the local population may be different.

Biological nitrogen removal using bio-sorbed internal organic carbon from piggery wastewater in a post-denitrification MLE process

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-M. Park ◽  
H.-B. Jun ◽  
Y.-J. Chung ◽  
S.-H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Nitrogen removal from a piggery wastewater was investigated in a post-denitrification modified Lüdzack Ettinger (PDMLE) process. Overall hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the PDMLE, consisting of contact/separator (C/S), nitrification, denitrification and re-aerobic bioreactor was 10 days. 60% of the influent SCOD was separated in the C/S by contacting the return sludge with the synthetic wastewater, however, only 10% of the influent SCOD was separated from the piggery wastewater. Biosorption capacities of the synthetic wastewater and piggery wastewater were 800 and 150 mg/g-MLSS, respectively. In spite of the high organic and nitrogen load, nitrification efficiency was above 95%, and nitrification rate was about 180 mg-NH4+-N/L·day. The removed ΔCOD/Δnitrate ratios in the denitrification tank were 4.0 and 11.5 g-SCOD/g-nitrate, while denitrification rates were 8.4 and 2.6 mg-nitrate/day for synthetic and piggery wastewater, respectively. In the proposed PDMLE process, both bio-sorbed and bypassed organic matter could be successfully used for nitrate reduction as carbon sources and the final TN removal efficiency was as high as 95%.

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