scholarly journals Brachial Plexus Injuries in Adults: Evaluation and Diagnostic Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios I. Sakellariou ◽  
Nikolaos K. Badilas ◽  
George A. Mazis ◽  
Nikolaos A. Stavropoulos ◽  
Helias K. Kotoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Microsurgical Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The increased incidence of motor vehicle accidents during the past century has been associated with a significant increase in brachial plexus injuries. New imaging studies are currently available for the evaluation of brachial plexus injuries. Myelography, CT myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indicated in the evaluation of brachial plexus. Moreover, a series of specialized electrodiagnostic and nerve conduction studies in association with the clinical findings during the neurologic examination can provide information regarding the location of the lesion, the severity of trauma, and expected clinical outcome. Improvements in diagnostic approaches and microsurgical techniques have dramatically changed the prognosis and functional outcome of these types of injuries.

What Kills Our Kids?

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vision Zero

This chapter asks what kills children and what people can do about it. One of the greatest triumphs in health over the past century has been the dramatic decrease in childhood mortality, yet children still die. In 2016, there were, in the United States, about 38,000 deaths of children under the age of 19. Roughly half of deaths occur in early childhood due to genetic conditions, chromosomal abnormalities, and other perinatal conditions, many of which people do not know how to treat. However, we should be able to prevent most of the other half. The leading causes of injury deaths are motor vehicle deaths and gun-related deaths. Understanding how to prevent them can provide a template for stopping other childhood deaths. The chapter then considers the Vision Zero initiative, passed by the Swedish parliament 20 years ago, which aims to reduce traffic fatalities to zero. Just like motor vehicle accidents, childhood deaths from guns will not end until people work to create a safer environment by reducing the availability of firearms.

Neurogenic Stuttering: Further Corroboration of Site of Lesion

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhardt J. Heuer ◽  
Robert Thayer Sataloff ◽  
Steven Mandel ◽  
Nancy Travers
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Unilateral Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Cases of neurogenic stuttering have been reported in the literature throughout the past century. Site(s) of lesion(s) have been documented usually by association of symptoms, EEG studies and occasionally by computed tomography (CT). The authors present three cases in which the site(s) of lesion(s) are documented by CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SPECT. This study supports previous findings of neurogenic stuttering following either bilateral diffuse lesions or a unilateral lesion. In at least one case, the actual site of the lesion would have been missed without the use of SPECT testing. EEG studies were not helpful in identifying the site of the lesion.

Looking at Legislative and Judicial Views of Psychic Trauma - Fluctuating Recognition and Discrimination

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
Brian F Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Emotional Trauma ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
Long Term Impact

Objective To describe how Canadian courts and legislation have viewed psychic or emotional trauma in the past century and the principles that are used. Methods The author reviews major trends in legislation and judicial findings pertaining to emotional trauma and gives examples of the fluctuating and ambivalent recognition by the courts. Results The courts have progressed from refusing to acknowledge emotional trauma, to accepting emotional trauma when accompanied by physical trauma, and finally acknowledging emotional trauma even in the absence of physical injury and the “indirect” emotional trauma suffered by the relatives of victims. However, from time to time, the courts or legislation may appear to deny the distress, dysfunction or the rights of a person who suffers significant emotional symptoms after an injury. This occurred recently in Ontario where injured persons in motor vehicle accidents who suffered emotional trauma were not allowed to sue for compensation from June 1990 to January 1994. Combined efforts by a coalition of mental health professionals with victims of trauma at least partially reversed the discriminatory laws. Conclusions Psychiatrists must continue to play a vital role in the education of the courts, politicians and the public about the realities of emotional trauma and mental illness and their long-term impact so that fair compensation can be assessed by the courts and discriminatory legislation reversed.

scholarly journals Treatment Options for Brachial Plexus Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios I. Sakellariou ◽  
Nikolaos K. Badilas ◽  
Nikolaos A. Stavropoulos ◽  
George Mazis ◽  
Helias K. Kotoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Conservative And Operative Treatment

The incidence of brachial plexus injuries is rapidly growing due to the increasing number of high-speed motor-vehicle accidents. These are devastating injuries leading to significant functional impairment of the patients. The purpose of this review paper is to present the available options for conservative and operative treatment and discuss the correct timing of intervention. Reported outcomes of current management and future prospects are also analysed.

Epidemiology of brachial plexus injury in the pediatric multitrauma population in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dorsi ◽  
Wesley Hsu ◽  
Allan J. Belzberg
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Cord Injury

Object The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of brachial plexus injury (BPI) in pediatric multitrauma patients. Methods The National Pediatric Trauma Registry was queried using the ICD-9 code 953.4, injury to brachial plexus, to identify cases of BPI. The patient demographics, mechanism of trauma, and associated ICD-9 diagnoses were analyzed. Results Brachial plexus injuries were identified in 113 (0.1%) of the 103,434 injured children entered in the registry between April 1, 1985, and March 31, 2002. Sixty-nine patients (61%) were male. Injuries were most often caused by motor vehicle accidents involving passengers (36 cases [32%]) or pedestrians (19 cases [17%]). Head injuries were diagnosed in 47% of children and included concussion in 27%, intracranial bleeds in 21%, and skull fractures in 14%. Upper-extremity vascular injury occurred in 16%. The most common musculoskeletal injuries were fractures of the humerus (16%), ribs (16%), clavicle (13%), and scapula (11%). Spinal fractures occurred in 12% of patients, and spinal cord injury occurred in 4%. The Injury Severity Score ranged from 1 to 75, with a mean score of 10, and 6 patients (5%) died as a result of injuries sustained during a traumatic event. Conclusions Brachial plexus injuries occur in 0.1% of pediatric multitrauma patients. Motor vehicle accidents and pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle are the most common reasons for BPIs in this population. Common associated injuries include head injuries, upper-extremity vascular injuries, and fractures of the spine, humerus, ribs, scapula, and clavicle.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cruciate Ligament Injuries of the Knee

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Kam ◽  
Daniel W.Y. Chee ◽  
Wilfred C.G. Peh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are important stabilizers of the knee. These ligaments are commonly injured in sports and motor vehicle accidents. An accurate diagnosis of cruciate ligament injuries is vital in patient care. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can diagnose cruciate ligament injuries with high accuracy. The imaging diagnosis should be based on primary signs, although the secondary signs are sometimes useful, particularly in chronic cases. The detection of associated injuries of other structures of the knee, including menisci, collateral ligaments, cartilage, and bone, are also important. Accurate interpretation of the MRI examination requires a meticulous MRI technique, knowledge of the imaging anatomy, and understanding of the lesion appearance. This pictorial essay reviews the MRI appearance of normal and injured cruciate ligaments. Mechanisms of injury, primary and secondary MRI signs, and associated abnormalities are discussed.

scholarly journals Pseudomeningocele From Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Joseph Yoon ◽  
Michael Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Root Avulsion ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Uncommon Condition

We report a case of a 42-year-old male involved in a motor vehicle accident. Initial MRI revealed T2 hypo-intensity of the anterior cord at the C6 level of the cervical spine which raised significant discussions within the neurosurgical, radiology and ICU departments at our institution. After careful review of images and patient’s clinical examination we suspected root avulsion of the brachial plexus. Subsequent MRI brachial plexus showed a large axillary pseudomeningocele originating from the C5-T2 nerve roots. Our team concluded the patient suffered a complete brachial plexus injury from right lateral hyperflexion as extrapolated from his injuries. The aim of this report is to highlight the uncommon condition and report of key clinical findings and management strategies.

scholarly journals Brachial plexus tuberculosis: A unique neurological variant of a common clinical disease

2022 ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Ariyandath Sreenivasan ◽  
Sandeep Vaishya ◽  
Rana Patir
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Antituberculous Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Isolated primary tuberculous involvement of the brachial plexus has not been reported in the past. Here, we report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed neck pain and radiculopathy for 3 months. Weakness in the left shoulder-elbow (2/5 MRC grade) and wrist (4/5 MRC grade) was present with numbness to pain and temperature along the C4–C5 dermatome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a T2 hyperintense heterogeneously contrast-enhancing lesion involving the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Under suspicion of malignancy, surgical exploration was undertaken. Intraoperatively, pus was noticed with unhealthy granulation tissue extending along the left-sided C4–5 lamina and transverse process. The frozen section suggested granulomatous infection and histopathology confirmed tuberculosis (TB). After 18 months of antituberculous treatment, the patient gradually recovered complete strength in the left upper limb. Follow-up brachial plexus MRI showed near-complete resolution of the lesion. We describe a unique case of a young patient clinically suggestive of the rapid progressive lesion (mimicking malignancy) affecting brachial plexus, turning out as TB on histopathology.

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