scholarly journals First Record of Isolation and Characterization of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus lugdunensisfrom Clinical Samples in Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa H. Al-Charrakh ◽  
Mohammed H. Obayes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
First Record ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Resistance Rates

This study was conducted to determine the frequency ofStaphylococcus lugdunensisin different clinical samples. Out of 690 clinical samples, a total of 178 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates were recovered. CoNS were identified as 10 different species; 22 isolates belonged toStaphylococcus lugdunensis. Two specific genes forS. lugdunensiswere used (tanAgene andfblgene) to confirm identification. Both of these specific genes were detected in 15 (68.1%) of 22 isolates that were identified phenotypically. The results of oxacillin MIC showed that 7 of the 15 (46.6%)S. lugdunensisisolates were oxacillin resistant. The antibiotic susceptibility testing against 16 antibiotics showed that resistance rates were variable towards these antibiotics. Eight of fifteenS. lugdunensisisolates (53.3%) wereβ-lactamase producer. Results of molecular detection ofmecAgene found thatmecAgene was detected in 6 (40%) of 15S. lugdunensis. All of these 6 isolates (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) were resistant to oxacillin. One isolate (S7) was resistant to oxacillin butmecAwas not detected in this isolate. This study is a first record of isolation and characterization of methicillin resistantS. lugdunensis(MRSL) from clinical samples in Iraq.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Novel Human Parechovirus from Clinical Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Watanabe ◽  
Masayasu Oie ◽  
Masaya Higuchi ◽  
Makoto Nishikawa ◽  
Masahiro Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4684-4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Melanie DeCorby ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Melissa McCracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 5,282 bacterial isolates obtained between 1 January and 31 December 31 2008, inclusive, from patients in 10 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008) underwent susceptibility testing. The 10 most common organisms, representing 78.8% of all clinical specimens, were as follows: Escherichia coli (21.4%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 13.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.0%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.4%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; 5.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.1%), Enterococcus spp. (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.2%). MRSA comprised 27.0% (272/1,007) of all S. aureus isolates (genotypically, 68.8% of MRSA were health care associated [HA-MRSA] and 27.6% were community associated [CA-MRSA]). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of E. coli isolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 the most prevalent genotype. MRSA demonstrated no resistance to ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, telavancin, tigecycline, or vancomycin (0.4% intermediate intermediate resistance). E. coli demonstrated no resistance to ertapenem, meropenem, or tigecycline. Resistance rates with P. aeruginosa were as follows: colistin (polymyxin E), 0.8%; amikacin, 3.5%; cefepime, 7.2%; gentamicin, 12.3%; fluoroquinolones, 19.0 to 24.1%; meropenem, 5.6%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 8.0%. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype occurred frequently in P. aeruginosa (5.9%) but uncommonly in E. coli (1.2%) and K. pneumoniae (0.9%). In conclusion, E. coli, S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA), P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Enterococcus spp. are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 27.0% (of which genotypically 27.6% were CA-MRSA), while ESBL-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of isolates. An MDR phenotype was common in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Is Staphylococcus lugdunensis Significant in Clinical Samples?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 3167-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Argemi ◽  
Yves Hansmann ◽  
Philippe Riegel ◽  
Gilles Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Microbiological Data

ABSTRACTThe implication of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human diseases is a major issue, particularly in hospital settings wherein these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, some coagulase-negative staphylococci such asS. lugdunensishave emerged as pathogenic bacteria, implicated in severe infections, particularly, osteoarticular infections, foreign-body-associated infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis.In vitrostudies have shown the presence of several putative virulence factors such as adhesion factors, biofilm production, and proteolytic factors that might explain clinical manifestations. Taken together, the clinical and microbiological data might change the way clinicians and microbiologists look atS. lugdunensisin clinical samples.

scholarly journals Peritonitis Associated with Vancomycin-ResistantLactobacillus rhamnosus in a Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient: Organism Identification, Antibiotic Therapy, and Case Report

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klein ◽  
Edith Zill ◽  
Ralf Schindler ◽  
Jacobus Louwers
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patient ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Patient ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Organism Identification

A case of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-associated peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is reported. The patient was treated with vancomycin after isolation of glycopeptide-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci. After a skin rash developed, vancomycin was discontinued and replaced with teicoplanin. Seven weeks after the glycopeptide therapy was discontinued, a Lactobacillus strain was isolated in pure cultures. The isolate was identified first incorrectly as L. acidophilus but later correctly as L. rhamnosus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the isolate was resistant to glycopeptides but susceptible to several other antibiotics. The antibiotic treatment was then switched to imipenem and was successful.

Characteristics of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from healthy carriers and from patients with diarrhoea

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1828-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena T. Nüesch-Inderbinen ◽  
Eveline Hofer ◽  
Herbert Hächler ◽  
Lothar Beutin ◽  
Roger Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gene Typing ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Healthy Carriers

The aim of this study was to compare the virulence characteristics and phylogenetic features of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains from adults with and without diarrhoea and to search for associations between the analysed genes and carrier or diarrhoeagenic strains, respectively. Faecal samples of 487 healthy humans were screened for EAEC strains and compared with isolates from diarrhoeal patients. Virulence and virulence-associated gene typing, serotyping, multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for characterization of the isolates. Characteristics significantly linked to carrier strains or to diarrhoeagenic strains were determined. From 487 stool samples, 24 EAEC strains were obtained. Comparison with strains originating from diseased persons showed a statistically significant association of the genes sat (P = 0.002) and agg3C (P = 0.0139) with the carrier strains, and of pCVD432 (P = 0.0001), aap (P = 0.003), aggR (P = 0.0048) and air (P = 0.031) with the diarrhoeagenic strains. Our study indicates that a certain subset of EAEC is unrelated to diarrhoea, for which sat and agg3C may be markers. Our results further suggest that diarrhoeagenic EAEC strains are distinguishable from carrier strains and suggest that, in addition to well-established markers such as pCVD432 and aggR, aap and air may be useful additional markers to define EAEC as an aetiological agent of diarrhoea in adults.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillin-NonsusceptibleStreptococcus pneumoniae among Children in Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4361-4366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Bogaert ◽  
George A. Syrogiannopoulos ◽  
Ioanna N. Grivea ◽  
Ronald de Groot ◽  
Nicholas G. Beratis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Genetic Clusters

A total of 145 penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated from young carriers in Greece and analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility testing, serotyping, restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL), and penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genotyping. The serotypes 23A and 23F (54%), 19A and 19F (25%), 9V (5%), 15A, 15B, and 15C (4%), 6A and 6B (4%), and 21 (4%) were most prevalent in this collection. Fifty-three distinct RFEL types were identified. Sixteen different RFEL clusters, harboring 2 to 32 strains each, accounted for 82% of all strains. Eight of these genetic clusters representing 60% of the strains were previously identified in other countries. A predominant lineage of 66 strains (46%) harboring five RFEL types and the serotypes 19F and 23F was closely related to the pandemic clone Spain23F-1 (genetic relatedness of ≥85%). Another lineage, representing 11 strains, showed close genetic relatedness to the pandemic clone France9V-3. Another lineage of 8 serotype 21 strains was Greece specific since the RFEL types were not observed in an international collection of 193 genotypes from 16 different countries. Characterization of the PBP genes pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x revealed 20 distinct PBP genotypes of which PBP type 1-1-1, initially observed in the pandemic clones 23F and 9V, was predominantly present in 11 RFEL types in this Greek collection of penicillin-nonsusceptible strains (55%). Sixteen PBP types covering 52 strains (36%) were Greece specific. This study underlines the strong contribution of penicillin-resistant international clones to the prevalence and spread of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci among young children in Greece.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci from non-mastitic bovine mammary gland: characterization ofStaphylococcus chromogenesandStaphylococcus haemolyticusby antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Pate ◽  
Irena Zdovc ◽  
Jana Avberšek ◽  
Matjaž Ocepek ◽  
Andrej Pengov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

During routine microbiological examination of milk samples from dairy cows without clinical signs of mastitis, quarter milk samples of 231 dairy cows from 12 herds were investigated for the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase test and the commercial kit, API Staph. CNS was detected in 29% (67/231) of the cows. A total of seven CNS species were identified with the most prevalent beingStaphylococcus (Staph.) chromogenes(30%) andStaph. haemolyticus(28·8%), followed byStaph. simulans(11·2%),Staph. xylosus(11·2%),Staph. epidermidis(7·5%),Staph. hyicus(6·3%) andStaph. sciuri(5%). The predominant species,Staph. chromogenesandStaph. haemolyticus, were further characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Considerable resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was observed in both species. Isolates with identical or highly similar PFGE profiles were detected at the herd level despite a marked heterogeneity seen for both species. On the basis of somatic cell count, absence of clinical signs of inflammation and heterogeneity of genotypes, we assume that CNS isolated in this study could not be considered as important causative agents of the bovine mammary gland inflammation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Ureaplasma urealyticumin in Women in the Northeast of Iran: Characterization of Resistance Trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Jalal Mardaneh ◽  
Alireza Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Mahdieh Sadat Alavi ◽  
Mahdieh Zendehdel ◽  
Narjes Bahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objectives: The present study surveyed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Ureaplasma urealyticum in isolates from Gonabad (in the northeast of Iran) including susceptibility testing for U. urealyticum to different antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this research, a total of 95 vaginal swab specimens were aseptically collected from women who were admitted to the Bohlool Teaching Hospital and Jahad Daneshgahi Center from April 2016 to April 2017. Culture and subsequently antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit. Then the cupules were read and interpreted in 24 and 48 hours according to kit guidelines. Results: In the studied patients, 38 (40.4 %), 12 (12.8 %), and 11 (11.7%) cases were single positive for U. urealyticum, single positive for Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), and dually positive for U. urealyticum and M. hominis, respectively. The positive rates of genital U. urealyticum in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were 86.8% and 13.2%, respectively. The highest positive rate (42.1%) was found in the 26-30-year-old group. In addition, tetracycline (TET) and doxycycline (DOT) were the most effective antibiotics against isolates, and one strain was multi-drug resistant. The U. urealyticum resistance rates were more than 39% to erythromycin and pristinamycin, and more than 55% to ciprofloxacin. All U. urealyticum isolates with <104 CFU/specimen were sensitive to all tested drugs. Conclusions: Although the emerging resistance to TETs among our isolates is alarming, these data show that the standard therapeutic regimen for urogenital infections caused by U. urealyticum is DOT, TET, and clarithromycin, leading to better outcomes in most respective patients.

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