A Wearable Contactless Sensor Suitable for Continuous Simultaneous Monitoring of Respiration and Cardiac Activity

A reliable system that can simultaneously and accurately monitor respiration and cardiac output would have great utility in healthcare applications. In this paper we present a novel approach to creating such a system. This noninvasive, low power, low cost, contactless sensor is suitable for continuous monitoring of respiration (tidal volume) and cardiac stroke volume. Furthermore, it is capable of delivering this data in true volume (i.e., mL). The current embodiment, specifically designed for sleep monitoring applications, requires only 100 mW when powered by a 4.8 V battery pack and is based on the use of a single electroresistive band embedded in a T-shirt. Here, we describe the implementation of the device, explaining the rational and design choices for the electronic circuit and the physical garment together with the preliminary tests performed using one volunteer subject. Comparison of the device with a commercially available spirometer demonstrates that tidal volume can be monitored over extended periods with a precision of ±10%. We further demonstrate the utility of the device to measure cardiac output and respiration effort.

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Alterations in Systemic Vascular Volume of the Dog in Response to Hexamethonium and Norepinephrine

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.191.2.283 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 191 (2) ◽

pp. 283-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

John C. Rose ◽

Edward D. Freis

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Venous Return ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Vascular Volume ◽

Vasomotor Activity ◽

Constant Output ◽

Arteriolar Tone ◽

Integrated Responses

A diaphragm pump of controlled constant output was substituted for the left ventricle in dogs. Left auricular blood was conducted to a reservoir, from which it was pumped into the thoracic aorta. Left ventricular by-pass was complete. Alterations in total vascular volume were continually monitored by observation of the pump reservoir level. Sympathetic blockade (hexamethonium) increased total vascular volume (mean 15%). This resulted in decreased venous return and decreased right ventricular output. Norepinephrine constricted the total vasculature and decreased vascular volume (mean 12%). This resulted in increased venous return and cardiac output. These experiments demonstrated the complex integrated responses of the total circulation to sympathetic vasomotor activity. The role of the sympathetic nervous system not only in the regulation of arteriolar tone and cardiac activity but also in adjusting total vascular volume and venous return was emphasized. Venous return, and hence cardiac output alterations accompanying systemic vasomotor activity can only be detected by continuous methods of flow measurement.

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Do changes in pulse pressure variation and inferior vena cava distensibility during passive leg raising and tidal volume challenge detect preload responsiveness in case of low tidal volume ventilation?

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/s13054-021-03515-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temistocle Taccheri ◽

Francesco Gavelli ◽

Jean-Louis Teboul ◽

Rui Shi ◽

Xavier Monnet

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Tidal Volume ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Pulse Pressure Variation ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Pressure Variation ◽

Diagnostic Threshold ◽

Preload Responsiveness

Abstract Background In patients ventilated with tidal volume (Vt) < 8 mL/kg, pulse pressure variation (PPV) and, likely, the variation of distensibility of the inferior vena cava diameter (IVCDV) are unable to detect preload responsiveness. In this condition, passive leg raising (PLR) could be used, but it requires a measurement of cardiac output. The tidal volume (Vt) challenge (PPV changes induced by a 1-min increase in Vt from 6 to 8 mL/kg) is another alternative, but it requires an arterial line. We tested whether, in case of Vt = 6 mL/kg, the effects of PLR could be assessed through changes in PPV (ΔPPVPLR) or in IVCDV (ΔIVCDVPLR) rather than changes in cardiac output, and whether the effects of the Vt challenge could be assessed by changes in IVCDV (ΔIVCDVVt) rather than changes in PPV (ΔPPVVt). Methods In 30 critically ill patients without spontaneous breathing and cardiac arrhythmias, ventilated with Vt = 6 mL/kg, we measured cardiac index (CI) (PiCCO2), IVCDV and PPV before/during a PLR test and before/during a Vt challenge. A PLR-induced increase in CI ≥ 10% defined preload responsiveness. Results At baseline, IVCDV was not different between preload responders (n = 15) and non-responders. Compared to non-responders, PPV and IVCDV decreased more during PLR (by − 38 ± 16% and − 26 ± 28%, respectively) and increased more during the Vt challenge (by 64 ± 42% and 91 ± 72%, respectively) in responders. ∆PPVPLR, expressed either as absolute or as percent relative changes, detected preload responsiveness (area under the receiver operating curve, AUROC: 0.98 ± 0.02 for both). ∆IVCDVPLR detected preload responsiveness only when expressed in absolute changes (AUROC: 0.76 ± 0.10), not in relative changes. ∆PPVVt, expressed as absolute or percent relative changes, detected preload responsiveness (AUROC: 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.94 ± 0.04, respectively). This was also the case for ∆IVCDVVt, but the diagnostic threshold (1 point or 4%) was below the least significant change of IVCDV (9[3–18]%). Conclusions During mechanical ventilation with Vt = 6 mL/kg, the effects of PLR can be assessed by changes in PPV. If IVCDV is used, it should be expressed in percent and not absolute changes. The effects of the Vt challenge can be assessed on PPV, but not on IVCDV, since the diagnostic threshold is too small compared to the reproducibility of this variable. Trial registration: Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de santé: ID-RCB: 2016-A00893-48.

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Novel approach for Recanalization and Limb Saving Following Acute Thrombosis of Upper Limb Arteries in Two Neonates After Congenital Heart Surgery

Klinische Pädiatrie ◽

10.1055/a-1258-4349 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jameel Al- Ata ◽

Gaser Abdelmohsen ◽

Saud Bahaidarah ◽

Naif Alkhushi ◽

Zaher Zaher

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Congenital Heart Surgery ◽

Low Cardiac Output ◽

Vascular Thrombosis ◽

Acute Thrombosis ◽

Novel Approach

IntroductionNeonates with congenital heart disease are at a high risk of vascular thrombosis. Thrombosis may occur due to vascular injury, increased blood viscosity secondary to polycythemia associated with congenital cyanotic heart diseases, or stasis of blood flow associated with low cardiac output (Schmidt B & Andrew M., Pediatrics 1995; 96: 939–943. Veldman A et al.,Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008; 4: 1337–1348).

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Novel approach to enhance coastal habitat and biotope mapping with drone aerial imagery analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80612-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

João Gama Monteiro ◽

Jesús L. Jiménez ◽

Francesca Gizzi ◽

Petr Přikryl ◽

Jonathan S. Lefcheck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Low Cost ◽

Human Populations ◽

Coastal Habitat ◽

Coastal Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Programs ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Aerial Platforms ◽

Rocky Habitats

AbstractUnderstanding the complex factors and mechanisms driving the functioning of coastal ecosystems is vital towards assessing how organisms, ecosystems, and ultimately human populations will cope with the ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic impacts. Towards this goal, coastal monitoring programs and studies must deliver information on a range of variables and factors, from taxonomic/functional diversity and spatial distribution of habitats, to anthropogenic stress indicators such as land use, fisheries use, and pollution. Effective monitoring programs must therefore integrate observations from different sources and spatial scales to provide a comprehensive view to managers. Here we explore integrating aerial surveys from a low-cost Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) with concurrent underwater surveys to deliver a novel approach to coastal monitoring. We: (i) map depth and substrate of shallow rocky habitats, and; (ii) classify the major biotopes associated with these environmental axes; and (iii) combine data from i and ii to assess the likely distribution of common sessile organismal assemblages over the survey area. Finally, we propose a general workflow that can be adapted to different needs and aerial platforms, which can be used as blueprints for further integration of remote-sensing with in situ surveys to produce spatially-explicit biotope maps.

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A Novel Approach With Bayesian Networks to Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Dynamic Environments

10.1115/detc2021-66902 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ching-Wei Chuang ◽

Harry H. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Networks ◽

Task Allocation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dynamic Environments ◽

Modern World ◽

Robot System ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Robot Systems ◽

Robot Task ◽

Multi Robot

Abstract In the modern world, building an autonomous multi-robot system is essential to coordinate and control robots to help humans because using several low-cost robots becomes more robust and efficient than using one expensive, powerful robot to execute tasks to achieve the overall goal of a mission. One research area, multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), becomes substantial in a multi-robot system. Assigning suitable tasks to suitable robots is crucial in coordination, which may directly influence the result of a mission. In the past few decades, although numerous researchers have addressed various algorithms or approaches to solve MRTA problems in different multi-robot systems, it is still difficult to overcome certain challenges, such as dynamic environments, changeable task information, miscellaneous robot abilities, the dynamic condition of a robot, or uncertainties from sensors or actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle MRTA problems with Bayesian Networks (BNs) under these challenging circumstances. Our experiments exhibit that the proposed approach may effectively solve real problems in a search-and-rescue mission in centralized, decentralized, and distributed multi-robot systems with real, low-cost robots in dynamic environments. In the future, we will demonstrate that our approach is trainable and can be utilized in a large-scale, complicated environment. Researchers might be able to apply our approach to other applications to explore its extensibility.

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LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to A Novel Approach

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178618666210916164132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Aparna Das

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Photochemical Reaction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Light Sources ◽

Blue Led ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Novel Approach

: In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction, LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally-friendly nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization, and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this review is highly significant and timely.

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Implementation of Fog computing in IoT-based healthcare system

JITA - Journal of Information Technology and Applications (Banja Luka) - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/jit1702100m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mirjana Maksimović

Keyword(s):

Healthcare System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Smart Devices ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Healthcare Applications ◽

Privacy And Security ◽

Main Challenge

Nowhere do the technology advancements bring improvements than in the healthcare sector, constantly creating new healthcare applications and systems which completely revolutionize the healthcare domain. The appearance of Internet of Things (IoT) based healthcare systems has immensely improved quality and delivery of care, and significantly reduced the costs. At the same time, these systems generate the enormous amount of health-associated data which has to be properly gathered, analyzed and shared. The smart devices, as the components of IoT-driven healthcare systems, are not able to deal with IoT-produced data, neither data posting to the Cloud is the appropriate solution. To overcome smart devices’ and Cloud’s limitations the new paradigm, known as Fog computing, has appeared, where an additional layer processes the data and sends the results to the Cloud. Despite numerous benefits Fog computing brings into IoT-based environments, the privacy and security issues remain the main challenge for its implementation. The reasons for integrating the IoT-based healthcare system and Fog computing, benefits and challenges, as well as the proposition of simple low-cost system are presented in this paper.

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Low-Cost Differential Pressure Spirometry for Emergency Ventilator Tidal Volume Sensing

10.1101/2020.09.25.20198069 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jordan Edmunds ◽

Mauricio J Bustamante ◽

Samuel J Raymond ◽

David B Camarillo ◽

David K Piech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Tidal Volume ◽

Pressure Sensor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

The United States ◽

Volume Measurement ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Cost Differential ◽

Volume Measurements

COVID-19 has become a significant burden on the healthcare systems in the United States and around the world, with many patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) to survive. Close monitoring of patients is critical, with total volume per breath (tidal volume) being one of the most important data points. However, ventilators are complex and expensive devices, typically in the range of tens of thousands of US dollars, and are challenging to manufacture, typically requiring months. Solutions which could augment the ventilator supply rapidly and at low cost in the United States and elsewhere would be valuable. In this paper, we present a standalone tidal volume measurement system consisting of a D-Lite spirometer, pressure sensor, microcontroller, and tubing with a cost of parts less than $50 USD. We also provide a model to predict the error in tidal volume measurements based on the pressure sensor used and the flow during ventilation. We validate this system and show that the tidal volume accuracy for flows above 10L/min was within 10%. We envision this system being used to increase the ventilator supply in resource-constrained settings.

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DISMIR: a deep learning-based cancer-detection method by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information of individual cell-free DNA reads

10.1101/2021.01.12.426440 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiaqi Li ◽

Lei Wei ◽

Xianglin Zhang ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Haochen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Detection Method ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Cell Free Dna ◽

Free Dna ◽

Novel Approach

ABSTRACTDetecting cancer signals in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) high-throughput sequencing data is emerging as a novel non-invasive cancer detection method. Due to the high cost of sequencing, it is crucial to make robust and precise prediction with low-depth cfDNA sequencing data. Here we propose a novel approach named DISMIR, which can provide ultrasensitive and robust cancer detection by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information in plasma cfDNA whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. DISMIR introduces a new feature termed as “switching region” to define cancer-specific differentially methylated regions, which can enrich the cancer-related signal at read-resolution. DISMIR applies a deep learning model to predict the source of every single read based on its DNA sequence and methylation state, and then predicts the risk that the plasma donor is suffering from cancer. DISMIR exhibited high accuracy and robustness on hepatocellular carcinoma detection by plasma cfDNA WGBS data even at ultra-low sequencing depths. Analysis showed that DISMIR tends to be insensitive to alterations of single CpG sites’ methylation states, which suggests DISMIR could resist to technical noise of WGBS. All these results showed DISMIR with the potential to be a precise and robust method for low-cost early cancer detection.

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CLOUDTHINK: A SCALABLE SECURE PLATFORM FOR MIRRORING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THE CLOUD

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2015.1079237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 320-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Erik Wilhelm ◽

Joshua Siegel ◽

Simon Mayer ◽

Leyna Sadamori ◽

Sohan Dsouza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

Low Cost ◽

Application Programming Interface ◽

Fair Value ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Third Party ◽

Barriers To Entry ◽

Moving Vehicle ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Vehicle Information

We present a novel approach to developing a vehicle communication platform consisting of a low-cost, open-source hardware for moving vehicle data to a secure server, a Web Application Programming Interface (API) for the provision of third-party services, and an intuitive user dashboard for access control and service distribution. The CloudThink infrastructure promotes the commoditization of vehicle telematics data by facilitating easier, flexible, and more secure access. It enables drivers to confidently share their vehicle information across multiple applications to improve the transportation experience for all stakeholders, as well as to potentially monetize their data. The foundations for an application ecosystem have been developed which, taken together with the fair value for driving data and low barriers to entry, will drive adoption of CloudThink as the standard method for projecting physical vehicles into the cloud. The application space initially consists of a few fundamental and important applications (vehicle tethering and remote diagnostics, road-safety monitoring, and fuel economy analysis) but as CloudThink begins to gain widespread adoption, the multiplexing of applications on the same data structure and set will accelerate its adoption.

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