scholarly journals Novel approach to enhance coastal habitat and biotope mapping with drone aerial imagery analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Gama Monteiro ◽  
Jesús L. Jiménez ◽  
Francesca Gizzi ◽  
Petr Přikryl ◽  
Jonathan S. Lefcheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aerial Platforms ◽  
Rocky Habitats

AbstractUnderstanding the complex factors and mechanisms driving the functioning of coastal ecosystems is vital towards assessing how organisms, ecosystems, and ultimately human populations will cope with the ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic impacts. Towards this goal, coastal monitoring programs and studies must deliver information on a range of variables and factors, from taxonomic/functional diversity and spatial distribution of habitats, to anthropogenic stress indicators such as land use, fisheries use, and pollution. Effective monitoring programs must therefore integrate observations from different sources and spatial scales to provide a comprehensive view to managers. Here we explore integrating aerial surveys from a low-cost Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) with concurrent underwater surveys to deliver a novel approach to coastal monitoring. We: (i) map depth and substrate of shallow rocky habitats, and; (ii) classify the major biotopes associated with these environmental axes; and (iii) combine data from i and ii to assess the likely distribution of common sessile organismal assemblages over the survey area. Finally, we propose a general workflow that can be adapted to different needs and aerial platforms, which can be used as blueprints for further integration of remote-sensing with in situ surveys to produce spatially-explicit biotope maps.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE IMAGE STABILIZATION METHOD FOR COASTAL VIDEO MONITORING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Isaac Rodriguez-Padilla ◽  
Bruno Castelle ◽  
Vincent Marieu ◽  
Denis Morichon
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Stabilization Method ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Video Systems

The use of shore-based video systems has become a very popular and accessible low-cost tool for coastal monitoring given their capability to deliver continuous and high-resolution temporal data over large enough spatial scales. However, the reliability of the final image products can be compromised by external factors, sometimes overlooked, that can alter the image geometry over time. In particular, unwanted camera movement, produced either by thermal or mechanical effects, can lead to significant geo-rectification errors if not properly corrected. This study addresses an alternative straightforward method to stabilize an either continuous or subsampled image sequence based on state-of-the-art techniques and available routines.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/xX1CrvPQpK8

scholarly journals A low-cost technique to measure bank erosion proces ses along middle-size river reaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Duró ◽  
Alessandra Crosato ◽  
Maarten G. Kleinhans ◽  
Wim S. J. Uijttewaal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Observation Distance ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Rtk Gps

Abstract. Diverse methods are currently available to measure river bank erosion at broad-ranging temporal and spatial scales. Yet, no technique provides low-cost and high-resolution to survey small-scale bank processes along a river reach. We investigate the capabilities of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry applied with imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to describe the evolution of riverbank profiles in middle-size rivers. The bank erosion cycle is used as a reference to assess the applicability of different techniques. We surveyed 1.2 km of a restored bank of the Meuse River eight times within a year, combining different photograph perspectives and overlaps to identify an efficient UAV flight to monitor banks. The accuracy of the Digital Surface Models (DSMs) was evaluated compared with RTK GPS points and an Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) of the whole reach. An oblique perspective with eight photo overlaps was sufficient to achieve the highest relative precision to observation distance of ~1:1400, with 10 cm error range. A complementary nadiral view increased coverage behind bank toe vegetation. The DSM and ALS had comparable accuracies except on banks, where the latter overestimates elevations. Sequential DSMs captured signatures of the erosion cycle such as mass failures, slump-block deposition, and bank undermining. Although this technique requires low water levels and banks without dense vegetation, it is a low-cost method to survey reach-scale riverbanks in sufficient resolution to quantify bank retreat and identify morphological features of the bank failure and erosion processes.

scholarly journals Testing an “IoT” Tide Gauge Network for Coastal Monitoring

IoT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Philip Knight ◽  
Cai Bird ◽  
Alex Sinclair ◽  
Jonathan Higham ◽  
Andy Plater
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Operational Constraints

A low-cost “Internet of Things” (IoT) tide gauge network was developed to provide real-time and “delayed mode” sea-level data to support monitoring of spatial and temporal coastal morphological changes. It is based on the Arduino Sigfox MKR 1200 micro-controller platform with a Measurement Specialties pressure sensor (MS5837). Experiments at two sites colocated with established tide gauges show that these inexpensive pressure sensors can make accurate sea-level measurements. While these pressure sensors are capable of ~1 cm accuracy, as with other comparable gauges, the effect of significant wave activity can distort the overall sea-level measurements. Various off-the-shelf hardware and software configurations were tested to provide complementary data as part of a localized network and to overcome operational constraints, such as lack of suitable infrastructure for mounting the tide gauges and for exposed beach locations.

A Novel Approach With Bayesian Networks to Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Dynamic Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wei Chuang ◽  
Harry H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Robot Task ◽  
Multi Robot

Abstract In the modern world, building an autonomous multi-robot system is essential to coordinate and control robots to help humans because using several low-cost robots becomes more robust and efficient than using one expensive, powerful robot to execute tasks to achieve the overall goal of a mission. One research area, multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), becomes substantial in a multi-robot system. Assigning suitable tasks to suitable robots is crucial in coordination, which may directly influence the result of a mission. In the past few decades, although numerous researchers have addressed various algorithms or approaches to solve MRTA problems in different multi-robot systems, it is still difficult to overcome certain challenges, such as dynamic environments, changeable task information, miscellaneous robot abilities, the dynamic condition of a robot, or uncertainties from sensors or actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle MRTA problems with Bayesian Networks (BNs) under these challenging circumstances. Our experiments exhibit that the proposed approach may effectively solve real problems in a search-and-rescue mission in centralized, decentralized, and distributed multi-robot systems with real, low-cost robots in dynamic environments. In the future, we will demonstrate that our approach is trainable and can be utilized in a large-scale, complicated environment. Researchers might be able to apply our approach to other applications to explore its extensibility.

LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to A Novel Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Novel Approach

: In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction, LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally-friendly nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization, and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this review is highly significant and timely.

scholarly journals DISMIR: a deep learning-based cancer-detection method by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information of individual cell-free DNA reads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Xianglin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Haochen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Novel Approach

ABSTRACTDetecting cancer signals in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) high-throughput sequencing data is emerging as a novel non-invasive cancer detection method. Due to the high cost of sequencing, it is crucial to make robust and precise prediction with low-depth cfDNA sequencing data. Here we propose a novel approach named DISMIR, which can provide ultrasensitive and robust cancer detection by integrating DNA sequence and methylation information in plasma cfDNA whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. DISMIR introduces a new feature termed as “switching region” to define cancer-specific differentially methylated regions, which can enrich the cancer-related signal at read-resolution. DISMIR applies a deep learning model to predict the source of every single read based on its DNA sequence and methylation state, and then predicts the risk that the plasma donor is suffering from cancer. DISMIR exhibited high accuracy and robustness on hepatocellular carcinoma detection by plasma cfDNA WGBS data even at ultra-low sequencing depths. Analysis showed that DISMIR tends to be insensitive to alterations of single CpG sites’ methylation states, which suggests DISMIR could resist to technical noise of WGBS. All these results showed DISMIR with the potential to be a precise and robust method for low-cost early cancer detection.

scholarly journals CLOUDTHINK: A SCALABLE SECURE PLATFORM FOR MIRRORING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THE CLOUD

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wilhelm ◽  
Joshua Siegel ◽  
Simon Mayer ◽  
Leyna Sadamori ◽  
Sohan Dsouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Vehicle Information

We present a novel approach to developing a vehicle communication platform consisting of a low-cost, open-source hardware for moving vehicle data to a secure server, a Web Application Programming Interface (API) for the provision of third-party services, and an intuitive user dashboard for access control and service distribution. The CloudThink infrastructure promotes the commoditization of vehicle telematics data by facilitating easier, flexible, and more secure access. It enables drivers to confidently share their vehicle information across multiple applications to improve the transportation experience for all stakeholders, as well as to potentially monetize their data. The foundations for an application ecosystem have been developed which, taken together with the fair value for driving data and low barriers to entry, will drive adoption of CloudThink as the standard method for projecting physical vehicles into the cloud. The application space initially consists of a few fundamental and important applications (vehicle tethering and remote diagnostics, road-safety monitoring, and fuel economy analysis) but as CloudThink begins to gain widespread adoption, the multiplexing of applications on the same data structure and set will accelerate its adoption.

Testing the effects of durability (shell thickness) on species over-representation in death assemblages, a taphonomic baseline for conservation paleobiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Tomašových ◽  
Susan M. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Conservation Paleobiology ◽  
Death Assemblages ◽  
Species Abundances

<p>Differences in the taxonomic or functional composition of living and death assemblages is a key means of identifying the magnitude and drivers of past ecological changes in conservation paleobiology, especially when assessing the effects of anthropogenic impacts. However, such live-dead differences in species abundances can arise not only from ecological (stochastic or deterministic) changes in abundance over the duration of time averaging but also from interspecific differences in the postmortem durability of skeletal remains or from the lifespan of the individuals. Here, we attempt to directly incorporate the effects of durability on species abundances in death assemblages by modeling dead abundance as a function of species’ durability traits and using abundances in living assemblages as a prior. Species inferred to be negatively affected by anthropogenic impacts should be over-represented in death assemblages relative to their abundance in death assemblages predicted by the durability model (rather than just relative to their abundance in living assemblages). Using species-level durability trait data for bivalves (shell size, thickness, mineralogy, shell organic content, and life habit) from the southern California shelf, we find that, among these traits, valve thickness correlates consistently positively and at multiple spatial scales with the log of the dead:live ratio of species abundances, and accounts for ~20-30% of live-dead mismatch. Using this benchmark for the discordance that might be taphonomic in origin, we confirm that the over-representation of epifaunal suspension-feeders and siphonate deposit-feeders in death assemblages of the southern California shelf owes in fact to their ecological decline in recent centuries, even when accounting for their greater durability.</p>

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLANTS AS A PARAMETER BIOINDICATION ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Dandaev R.R. ◽  
Okazova Z.P.
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Morphological changes in plants are widely used as an indicator. This is an important indicator parameter. The reason for its widespread use is its low cost, availability and simplicity of research, no need for highly qualified personnel and the presence of a special laboratory. Numerous studies are devoted to the standardization of the test material and the conditions for its use. The national monitoring system of all developed countries includes a large arsenal of morphological indicators, which made it possible to create maps of anthropogenic impacts. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using morphological changes in plants as a parameter of bioindication assessment. Material and methods: theoretical - analysis of literature on the problem of environmental monitoring, laboratory. Assessment of the degree of plant change is associated with internal factors and different sensitivity of plant organisms. For the purpose of active monitoring, a large group of plants is recommended. For passive monitoring and determination of the consequences of environmental pollution, indicator signs of plants growing freely in the study area are used. Bioindication methods are useful for assessing the state of the environment. The study of the reaction of plants to the level of pollution makes it possible to assess its consequences. The study of urban communities makes it possible to develop ways to stabilize them, for example, by changing loads. Bioindication is an important addition to instrumental methods.

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