scholarly journals Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika de A. S. Braga ◽  
Jackson de Q. Malveira ◽  
Maria Aparecida L. Milhome ◽  
Marisete D. de Aquino ◽  
Ronaldo F. do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Washing Water ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Biodiesel obtained from oil extracted from the viscera of tilapia is a viable alternative in the replacement of petroleum fuels. However, during the purification step is performed biodiesel washing water is performed, which generates high effluent pollutant loads due to the reagents used and the very composition of the raw material. This study aims to characterize the fatty acids present in water from washing of the process of purifying biodiesel tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results showed that the fatty acids present in greater quantities in the effluent were lauric (C12: 0), followed by myristic (C14: 0), palmitic (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1), stearic (C18: 0), linolenic (C18: 3), and linoleic (C18: 2) acids. Therefore, the levels of oil and grease found in the rinse water from washing of the oil biodiesel tilapia are far above the allowed values above; thus they do not comply with Brazilian federal regulations.

Preparation and Characterization of Dimer Fatty Acids-Based Vinyl Ester Resin Monomer

2013 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Hai Li ◽  
Xue Juan Yang ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Jian Ling Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Vinyl Ester Resin ◽  
Dimer Fatty Acids ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
C Nmr

Novel dimer fatty acids-based vinyl ester resin monomer was prepared via simple ring-opening and esterification reaction with the aid of dimer fatty acids (DA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as raw material. The effects of different catalyst system, reacting time and reacting temperature on the yield, color, and viscosity of the final product were analyzed. The results of optimal experiments showed that BTEAC catalyst could make the final product with moderate viscosity and lighter color, the optimal BTEAC catalyst addition amount was 0.5wt.%, the optimal reacting temperature and reacting time was 115 °C and 2h, respectively. FTIR and 13C-NMR demonstrated that the target product had been successfully synthesized.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of thermophilicSynechococcusspp. isolates from Asian geothermal springs

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Jing ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Stephen B. Pointing
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Geothermal Springs ◽  
Prolonged Culture ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Two thermophilic cyanobacterial strains, Ts and Bs, collected from Asian geothermal springs were identified morphologically and phylogenetically as Synechococcus in the order Chroococcales and were isolated into axenic cultures. In addition to the high similarities between their full 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains also shared similar pigment profiles and fatty acid compositions but with varied ratios. Strain Ts had elevated levels of photoprotective pigments such as carotenoid and scytonemin even after prolonged culture under identical laboratory conditions, whereas strain Bs produced more chlorophyll a per unit cell volume, perhaps resulting from UV adaptation in the natural habitats. In addition, strain Ts had more content than strain Bs in terms of the total fatty acids and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Neither isolate was able to fix nitrogen, and they had zero susceptibility to ampicillin and streptomycin.

Extraction and characterization of oil of the pacu residue (Piaractus mesopotamicus) using ultrasonic technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli Rigueto ◽  
Thainá Stéphanie Martins de Freitas ◽  
Debora Silva da Rocha ◽  
Nivia Carolina de Oliveira Bevilaqua ◽  
Débora De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Ultrasonic Technology

The increase in demand for fish consumption leads to the generation of a greater amount of waste, and it is necessary to seek alternatives to reuse of this organic load. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate the extraction of oil from the pacu residue by ultrasonic energy. The oil extraction was evaluated using a wet and dry raw material at 70 °C, from a complete factorial planning 2², where the variables were sample solvent ratio and time. The oils obtained in all the extraction conditions were analyzed as a function of the acidity in oleic acid (%), and the oil obtained in the best condition was submitted to the fatty acid profile. In the extraction smaller times and larger proportions of solvent sample contributed to obtain higher yields in oil. The oils obtained had low acidity and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, with a ratio of unsaturated and saturated and ω-6/ω-3 within the desired limits. In this way, ultrasound proved to be a useful tool for obtaining good quality pacu residue oil.

scholarly journals Utilization of Starch Water as Bioethanol using Fermentation Method and Bioactivator with NPK and Urea

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicky Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Washing Water ◽  
Boiled Water

Researchers are looking for sustainable alternative fuels that may be utilized as substitutes for petroleum-based materials due to the problem of dwindling petroleum fuels, rising energy demand, and concerns about rising environmental pollution. The solution to this problem is to produce renewable energy. Bioethanol is a product that has a lot of potential in terms of its utility renewable sources of energy In this project, bioethanol will be generated from household waste, namely starch water (rice boiled water), which includes a significant amount of starch and hence has the potential to be used as a raw material for generating bioethanol, as well as reducing household waste, Better still. Fermentation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and distillation are the processes employed in this study. The starch water is used because it has a significant amount of starch (rice cooking water). Because the starch content is not extracted perfectly during the boiling process, it is compared to typical rice washing water. Bioethanol is the end product, and it is intended to be a sustainable energy that will help to solve the energy issue while also reducing and repurposing household trash.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

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