scholarly journals Fine Screening for Resistance to Cold-Induced Sweetening in Potato Hybrids ContainingSolanum raphanifoliumGermplasm

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfan Ali ◽  
Shelley Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Potato Chip ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Potato Improvement ◽  
Diploid Clone ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Important Processing ◽  
Cold Induced Sweetening

Potato is an indispensable part of human food. Many wild and cultivated potato relatives have been screened to find the best germplasm to improve productivity and quality, but only a small sample of the available biodiversity has been exploited. Most wild relatives are self-incompatible diploids. Genetic variability exists within and among populations, even within a species. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fine screening to identify individuals carrying traits of interest. This study was carried out to quantify phenotypic variability for resistance to cold-induced sweetening, an important processing trait. Five families were evaluated for potato chip (crisp) color following cold storage of tubers harvested from four greenhouse trials and one field trial. The families were generated by crossing a single diploid clone to five plants from one accession of the wild potato relativeSolanum raphanifolium. Analysis of variance revealed that resistance against cold-induced sweetening was dependent on family and trial. This study underscores the importance of fine screening to select individuals in potato accessions for use in potato improvement.

scholarly journals Potato Landraces and Their Wild Relatives in 3 Micro-centers of Diversity in Ecuador: Farmers' Perception and Ecogeography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Ricardo Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
A. Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
F. Yumisaca-Jiménez ◽  
R. Aucancela ◽  
J. Coronel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes ◽  
Historical Movement

Abstract Ecuador is one of the centers of diversity for wild and cultivated potatoes. Three micro-centers of diversity were previously identified based on germplasm collecting passport data of potato landraces and their wild relatives. The objective of this study was to understand the potential hybridization dynamic of the genetic diversity present in situ in these micro-centers (provinces of Carchi, Chimborazo and Loja in Ecuador) by means of: 1. Reviewing the possibility of an eventual genetic cross within intercropped potato landraces through surveys to local producers; 2. Reviewing the possibility of potato landraces crossing with their wild relatives, also according to local producers; and 3. Map the actual geographic location of recent collections of potato landrace and wild potato relatives in the study areas. Information from farmers and eco-geographic data demonstrated that there is no potential crossing between wild and cultivated potato species. Probably the existing genetic variability in Ecuador has been accumulated since the historical movement of potato landraces by American ancestors from the center of origin in Peru and Bolivia and the continuum knowledge and seed sharing besides the conscious and unconscious selection of potato landraces by local farmers for centuries. Additionally, we discuss options to conserve both cultivated and wild potato species in Ecuador due to apparent current genetic erosion processes.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Potato Germplasm in RDA-Genebank: Utilization for Breeding and Conservation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Kyung Jun Lee ◽  
Raveendar Sebastin ◽  
Gyu-Taek Cho ◽  
Munsup Yoon ◽  
Gi-An Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Potato Improvement ◽  
Simple Sequence

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple food and economic crop in many countries. It is of critical importance to understand the genetic diversity and population structure for effective collection, conservation, and utilization of potato germplasm. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of potato germplasm conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) of South Korea to provide basic data for future preservation and breeding of potato genetic resources. A total of 24 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 482 potato accessions. A total of 257 alleles were detected, with an average of 10.71 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 97% of allelic diversity was attributed to individual accessions within the population, while only 3% was distributed among populations. Results of genetic structure analysis based on STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed that 482 potato accessions could be divided into two main subpopulations. Accessions of subpopulation 1 mainly belonged to cultivars and breeding lines. Accessions of subpopulations 2 basically corresponded to wild relatives of potatoes. Results of this study provide useful information for potato improvement and conservation programs, although further studies are needed for a more accurate evaluation of genetic diversity and phenotypic traits of potatoes.

scholarly journals Common genetic variation associated with Mendelian disease severity revealed through cryptic phenotype analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Blair ◽  
Thomas J Hoffmann ◽  
Joseph T Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mendelian Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Mendelian Diseases ◽  
Phenotype Analysis

Clinical heterogeneity is common in Mendelian disease, but small sample sizes make it difficult to identify specific contributing factors. However, if a rare disease represents the severely affected extreme of a spectrum of phenotypic variation, then modifier effects may be apparent within a larger subset of the population. Analyses that take advantage of this full spectrum could have substantially increased power. To test this, we developed cryptic phenotype analysis (CPA), a model-based approach that uses symptom data to infer latent quantitative traits that capture disease-related phenotypic variability. By applying this approach to 50 Mendelian diseases in two large cohorts of patients, we found that these quantitative traits reliably captured disease severity. We then conducted genome-wide association analyses for five of the inferred cryptic phenotypes, uncovering common variation that was predictive of Mendelian disease-related diagnoses and outcomes. Overall, this study highlights the utility of computationally derived phenotypes and biobank-scale cohorts for investigating the complex genetic architecture of Mendelian diseases.

scholarly journals A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Soft Rot in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Karsten Holmquist ◽  
David M. Spooner ◽  
Shelley H. Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Resistant Species

The concept that traits should be associated with related organisms and that nearby populations of the same species are likely to be more similar to each other than to populations spread far apart has long been accepted. Consequently, taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data are commonly believed to have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance genes among plant species. In this study, we test claims of such predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species. There was no clear association between resistance to soft rot and taxonomic relationships. However, we have found some associations between resistance to soft rot and environmental data such as annual precipitation and annual mean temperature. In addition, we have noted that high levels of resistance are mostly found in species with high levels of phenotypic plasticity. The three most resistant species were Solanum paucijugum, S. brevicaule, and S. commersonii.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

Probing the ultrastructure of the mitotic and meiotic spindle in eggs: An expeditious approach based on semi-thin (0.25 μm) serial sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 552-555
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder ◽  
S. Bowser ◽  
R. Nowogrodzki ◽  
K. Ross ◽  
G. Sluder
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

Eggs have long been a favorite material for studying the mechanism of karyokinesis in-vivo and in-vitro. They can be obtained in great numbers and, when fertilized, divide synchronously over many cell cycles. However, they are not considered to be a practical system for ultrastructural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) for several reasons, the most obvious of which is that sectioning them is a formidable task: over 1000 ultra-thin sections need to be cut from a single 80-100 μm diameter egg and of these sections only a small percentage will contain the area or structure of interest. Thus it is difficult and time consuming to obtain reliable ultrastructural data concerning the MA of eggs; and when it is obtained it is necessarily based on a small sample size.We have recently developed a procedure which will facilitate many studies concerned with the ultrastructure of the MA in eggs. It is based on the availability of biological HVEM's and on the observation that 0.25 μm thick serial sections can be screened at high resolution for content (after mounting on slot grids and staining with uranyl and lead) by phase contrast light microscopy (LM; Figs 1-2).

Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale–Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres ◽  
Paola Carminelli-Corretjer ◽  
Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali ◽  
Ernesto Rosario-Hernández ◽  
Yovanska Duarté-Vélez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.

An Initial Investigation of Suicide Attempt Disclosures Among US Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Sarah P. Carter ◽  
Heather M. Gebhardt ◽  
Jonathan Buchholz ◽  
Mark A. Reger
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Patient Disclosure ◽  
Previous Suicide Attempt

Abstract. Background: Patient disclosure of prior suicidal behaviors is critical for effectively managing suicide risk; however, many attempts go undisclosed. Aims: The current study explored how responses following a suicide attempt disclosure may relate to help-seeking outcomes. Method: Participants included 37 veterans with a previous suicide attempt receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Veterans reported on their most and least helpful experiences disclosing their suicide attempt to others. Results: Veterans disclosed their suicide attempt to approximately eight individuals. Mental health professionals were the most cited recipient of their most helpful disclosure; romantic partners were the most common recipient of their least helpful disclosures. Positive reactions within the context of the least helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with a sense of connection with the disclosure recipient. Positive reactions within the most helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with the likelihood of future disclosure. No reactions were associated with having sought professional care or likelihood of seeking professional care. Limitations: The results are considered preliminary due to the small sample size. Conclusion: Findings suggest that while positive reactions may influence suicide attempt disclosure experiences broadly, additional research is needed to clarify factors that drive the decision to disclose a suicide attempt to a professional.

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