scholarly journals The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Recent research has drawn attention to the link between childhood maltreatment and schizophrenia. Child abuse and neglect may have an impact on symptoms and physical health in these patients. This association has not been studied to date in India.Materials and Methods. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n=62) were assessed for childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The association of specific forms of adversity with symptomatology and associated variables was examined.Results. Emotional abuse was reported by 56.5% patients and physical abuse by 33.9%; scores for childhood neglect were also high. Persecutory delusions were linked to physical abuse, while anxiety was linked to emotional neglect and depression to emotional abuse and childhood neglect. Physical abuse was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure, while emotional abuse and neglect in women were linked to being overweight.Conclusions. Childhood adversity is common in schizophrenia and appears to be associated with a specific symptom profile. Certain components of the metabolic syndrome also appear to be related to childhood adversity. These results are subject to certain limitations as they are derived from remitted patients, and no control group was used for measures of childhood adversity.

Safeguarding children

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802199585
Author(s):  
Sabana Shaikh ◽  
Rubena Ali Malik
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Multidisciplinary Meetings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Psychological Harm

It is the duty of every healthcare professional to ensure they prioritise the welfare of a child by protecting them from physical or psychological harm. Forms of child abuse include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A child subjected to emotional abuse or neglect can present with ambiguous symptoms, making the abuse difficult to detect. Safeguarding concerns must be acted upon according to local procedures, guided by the child safeguarding lead and the practice safeguarding policy. Safeguarding multidisciplinary meetings can be an effective way of communicating with various professionals involved with the family.

scholarly journals Childhood adversity and psychosis: generalised or specific effects?

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Longden ◽  
M. Sampson ◽  
J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Impact

Background.This study examines relationships between childhood adversity and the presence of characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. It was hypothesised that total adversity exposures would be significantly higher in individuals exhibiting these symptoms relative to patients without. Recent proposals that differential associations exist between specific psychotic symptoms and specific adversities was also tested, namely: sexual abuse and hallucinations, physical abuse and delusions, and fostering/adoption and delusions.Method.Data were collected through auditing 251 randomly selected medical records, drawn from adult patients in New Zealand community mental health centres. Information was extracted on presence and subtype of psychotic symptoms and exposure to ten types of childhood adversity, including five types of abuse and neglect.Results.Adversity exposure was significantly higher in patients experiencing hallucinations in general, voice hearing, command hallucinations, visions, delusions in general, paranoid delusions and negative symptoms than in patients without these symptoms. There was no difference in adversity exposure in patients with and without tactile/olfactory hallucinations, grandiose delusions or thought disorder. Indication of a dose–response relationship was detected, in that total number of adversities significantly predicted total number of psychotic symptoms. Although fostering/adoption was associated with paranoid delusions, the hypothesised specificity between sexual abuse and hallucinations, and physical abuse and delusions, was not found. The two adversities showing the largest number of associations with psychotic symptoms were poverty and being fostered/adopted.Conclusions.The current data are consistent with a model of global and cumulative adversity, in which multiple exposures may intensify psychosis risk beyond the impact of single events. Implications for clinical intervention are discussed.

Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: Do Special Care Units Make a Difference? A Secondary Data Analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Blumenfeld Arens ◽  
Katharina Fierz ◽  
Franziska Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Background: In special care units (SCUs) for residents with advanced dementia, both personnel and organizations are adapted to the needs of residents. However, whether these adaptations have a preventive effect on elder abuse has not yet been explored. Objective: To describe the prevalence of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse in Swiss nursing homes, to compare SCUs with non-SCUs concerning the frequency of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse, and to explore how resident-related characteristics, staff outcomes/characteristics, and organizational/environmental factors relate to observed elder abuse. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project (SHURP), a cross-sectional multicenter study. Data were collected from 2012 to 2013 and are based on observed rather than perpetrated elder abuse. We performed multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data with personnel nested within units and facilities. Results: Of 4,599 care workers in 400 units and 156 facilities, 50.8% observed emotional abuse, 23.7% neglect, and 1.4% physical abuse. There was no significant difference between SCUs and non-SCUs regarding observed emotional abuse and neglect. Higher scores for ‘workload' and sexual aggression towards care workers were associated with higher rates of emotional abuse and neglect. Verbal and physical resident aggression, however, were only associated with higher rates of emotional abuse. Negative associations were found between ‘teamwork and resident safety climate' and both forms of abuse. Conclusion: Improving teamwork and the safety climate and reducing work stressors might be promising points of intervention to reduce elder abuse. More specific research about elder abuse in SCUs and the interaction between work climate and elder abuse is required.

Childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are associated with theory of mind decoding accuracy in young adults with depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Rnic ◽  
Mark A. Sabbagh ◽  
Dustin Washburn ◽  
R. Michael Bagby ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
Decoding Accuracy

scholarly journals It is a family affair: individual experiences and sibling exposure to emotional, physical and sexual abuse and the impact on adult depressive symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Kullberg ◽  
Charlotte van Schie ◽  
Eleonore van Sprang ◽  
Dominique Maciejewski ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood abuse and neglect often occurs within families and can have a large influence on mental well-being across the lifespan. However, the sibling concordance of emotional abuse and neglect (i.e. together referred to as emotional maltreatment; EM), physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) and the long-term impact on the context of siblings' maltreatment experiences are unclear. To examine the influence of EM, PA and SA on adult depressive symptoms within the family framework we differentiate between (a) the family-wide (mean level of all siblings) effects and (b) the individual deviation from the mean family level of maltreatment. Methods The sample (N = 636) consists of 256 families, including at least one lifetime depressed or anxious individual and their siblings. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the family-wide and relative individual effects of childhood maltreatment (CM). Results (a) Siblings showed most similarity in their reports of EM followed by PA. SA was mostly reported by one person within a family. In line with these observations, the mean family levels of EM and PA, but not SA, were associated with more depressive symptoms. In addition, (b) depression levels were more elevated in individuals reporting more EM than the family mean. Conclusions Particularly in the case of more visible forms of CM, siblings' experiences of EM and PA are associated with the elevated levels of adult depressive symptoms. Findings implicate that in addition to individual maltreatment experiences, the context of siblings' experiences is another crucial risk factor for an individuals' adult depressive symptomatology.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1001349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana E. Norman ◽  
Munkhtsetseg Byambaa ◽  
Rumna De ◽  
Alexander Butchart ◽  
James Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

scholarly journals Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Federica Galli ◽  
Carlo Lai ◽  
Teresa Gregorini ◽  
Chiara Ciacchella ◽  
Stefano Carugo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
The Impact

Adverse childhood experiences could be important determinants of adult disease. The present study analyzed the association between early traumatic experiences and the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). It was hypothesized that patients with CVD would report a higher number of traumatic experiences during childhood and that this association would be stronger in women. The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) was fulfilled by 75 patients with a first-time diagnosis of CVD and 84 healthy controls randomly selected from the general population. The two groups were not balanced for age and sex. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), with group (clinical vs. control) and gender (male vs. female) as between-subjects factors, and age of participants as covariate, were performed on the number and the impact of the traumatic experiences (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse) for the three age group in which the trauma was experienced (from 0 to 10, from 11 to 18, from 19 years onwards). The main results showed that participants with CVDs have experienced a higher number of early traumatic experiences compared to the control group, such as emotional neglect (p = 0.023), emotional abuse (0.008 ≤ p ≤ 0.033), and physical abuse (0.001 < p ≤ 0.038). The results also revealed that women with CVDs have experienced more traumatic events compared to the women of the control group (0.001 < p ≤ 0.020). These results seem to highlight an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and CVD in adulthood, particularly in women. Such findings could have relevant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the importance of adopting an integrated approach in the care of the patient with cardiovascular diseases paying attention also to the clinical psychological risk factors.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Cut-Off Scores on Prevalence Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Weitkämper ◽  
Michael Kellner ◽  
Jona Ruben Iffland ◽  
Martin Driessen ◽  
Hanna Kley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in various psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, patients with disorders from the schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) appear to have high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment. However, the interpretation and comparability of prevalence rates is impeded by methodological weaknesses and differences such as measures and thresholds used in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare systematically captured data on prevalence rates of all common types of childhood maltreatment in patients with SSD using a standardized and well-established questionnaire and the most frequently used thresholds. The sample consisted of 48 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD. 58.3–77.1% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Prevalence rates for physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were dependent on the thresholds used, while equal rates were found for emotional neglect and sexual abuse. Physical neglect (46–67%), and emotional abuse (44–48%) were most commonly reported, followed by emotional neglect (38%), physical abuse (25–38%), and sexual abuse (25%). Additionally, high levels of peer victimization were reported by SSD patients. It appears that childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in SSD, even though methodological details, especially cut-off scores, have a substantial impact on the prevalence rates that are determined. Therefore, the methodology of studies should be closely examined when drawing conclusions from presented prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Child Abuse and Correlations with Family Factors Among Elementary School-aged Children

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheleh Rafaiee ◽  
Fahimeh Mohseni ◽  
Nafiseh Akbarian
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
School Children ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Background: The economic pressure on Iranian families has increased in recent years. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of child abuse in three domains of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect among a sample of elementary school children in Iran and compare the results with previous studies from Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 elementary school children were selected through multistage cluster sampling from Shahroud, Iran, and assessed for all child abuse domains, except for sexual abuse, using a validated self-administered Persian questionnaire. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the participants were collected. Data were statistically analyzed, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.83 years (SD = 1.9). Overall, 63.8%, 27%, and 90.3% of children reported emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, respectively. There were significant associations between the mother’s employment status and neglect (P < 0.001), father’s education and physical child abuse (P = 0.03), and father’s smoking and emotional child abuse (P < 0.001). The results showed that lower levels of family socioeconomic status had significant effects on neglect (P = 0.006) and emotional child abuse (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Among the studied children, 73.8% declared at least one type of child abuse. It seems that the prevalence of neglect increased among school-aged children compared to previous studies from Iran. The low socioeconomic status of the family is significantly related to child abuse. Family physicians and school counselors play important roles in identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect. Therefore, they should be more involved in the prevention of child abuse.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment in Relation to Psychopathic Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine de Ruiter ◽  
Matthias Burghart ◽  
Raneesha De Silva ◽  
Sara Griesbeck Garcia ◽  
Ushna Mian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 349 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between the four psychopathy facets and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.

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