scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoxia Yang ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Chang Shu ◽  
Daniel Mmereki ◽  
Md. Uzzal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning System

In order to assess the optimal window-wall ratio and the proper glazing type in different air conditioning system operation modes of residential buildings for each orientation in three typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone: Chongqing, Shanghai, and Wuhan simulation models were built and analyzed using Designer’s Simulation Toolkit (DeST). The study analyzed the variation of annual heating energy demand, annual cooling energy demand, and the annual total energy consumption in different conditions, including different orientations, patterns of utilization of air conditioning system, window-wall ratio, and types of windows. The results show that the total energy consumption increased when the window-wall ratio is also increased. It appears more obvious when the window orientation is east or west. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency, low-emissivity (Low-E) glass performs better than hollow glass. From this study, it can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the operation mode of air conditioning system, the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The influence of the factors can be regarded as reference mode for the window-wall ratio when designing residential buildings.

scholarly journals Energy saving and reduction of emissions in heating residential buildings in Poland – potential and selected activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00044
Author(s):  
Piotr Lis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions

The communal and living sector, to the extent that it is the sub-sector of buildings with a majority share of residential buildings, on average, account for approximately 41% of total energy consumption in the European Union. Due to a large share in the total energy consumption, the buildings sector has a significant potential to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings and thus significantly reduce emission of air pollutants. One way is through thermal modernization. The article presents the expected energy and environmental effects of measures which adjust the existing residential buildings to the requirements in force in Poland since 2021. It has been assumed that the energy demand for heating buildings will be limited to the level of 55 kWh/(m2year) for multi-family residential buildings and 60 kWh/(m2year) for single-family residential buildings. The calculations show that it is possible to reduce energy consumption for heating of residential buildings by over 70%, which will result in a reduction of the total air pollutant emissions from housing heating, in relation to the situation in 2011. The article indicates existing reserves in thermal modernization activities and related problems based on the analysis of selected parameters of residential buildings.

scholarly journals Use of mechanical resonance in impact machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 17006
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Fiebig ◽  
Jakub Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Mechanical Resonance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
At Resonance ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Drive Systems

An innovative method exploiting mechanical resonance in machines drive systems, especially useful in impact machines, has been developed. Accumulation of energy at resonance can be applied to the drive system in a similar way as flywheels in eccentric presses. Under resonance conditions, the total energy consumption of the oscillating mass is equal to the energy lost due the damping forces. Energy accumulated in the oscillator can be several times greater than the energy supplied continuously to the oscillator. The developed method can be used in many applications, especially in impacting machines. Finally, the energy demand of resonance punching press will be compared with the energy demand of eccentric press.

The Relationship between Economics Growth and Energy Consumption in China-A Empirical Analysis Based on Energy Kuznets Curve

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2457-2461
Author(s):  
Chang Sheng Li ◽  
Qing Ling Li ◽  
Zhong Min Lei ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Hui Qing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relative High Level

These paper investigated the relationship between economics development and energy demands based on Energy Kuznets Curve (EFC) in China. The results show that, the prospects of economics and energy demand in China in further will undergo three important stages to 2050.The peak of energy demand maybe around 2035 and the corresponding total energy demand maybe amount 5.7 billion tce. In 2035, the GDP per capital maybe about 17000 (2005 US$) and the urbanization will reach a relative high level. It is urgent for China to take actions to curb the increasing total energy consumption.

Application Analysis of the Water-Source Heat Pump in Hot Summer and Cold Winter

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3036-3040
Author(s):  
Rui Ju ◽  
Qiu Na Cui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Application Analysis ◽  
Saving Effect

This paper is based on the BIN metrological data and calculates the cold and heat load of the building.According to the performance parameters of the WSHP, the energy consumption and cost of two typical schemes is calculated.Contrast the investment and cost of the SWHP and air conditioning system and discuss the applicability of commercial buildings. Result shows that WSHP costs less than traditional air conditioning in the present operation conditions. Energy-saving effect is remarkable.

scholarly journals Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Krystian Hennek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Passenger Car

The analysis of energy consumption in a hybrid drive system of a passenger car in real road conditions is an important factor determining its operational indicators. The article presents energy consumption analysis of a car equipped with an advanced Plug-in Hybrid Drive System (PHEV), driving in real road conditions on a test section of about 51 km covered in various environmental conditions and seasons. Particular attention was paid to the energy consumption resulting from the cooperation of two independent drive units, analyzed in terms of the total energy expenditure. The energy consumption obtained from fuel and energy collected from the car’s batteries for each run over the total distance of 12,500 km was summarized. The instantaneous values of energy consumption for the hybrid drive per kilometer of distance traveled in car’s real operating conditions range from 0.6 to 1.4 MJ/km, with lower values relating to the vehicle operation only with electric drive. The upper range applies to the internal combustion engine, which increases not only the energy expenditure in the TTW (Tank-to-Wheel) system, but also CO2 emissions to the environment. Based on the experimental data, the curves of total energy consumption per kilometer of the road section traveled were determined, showing a close correlation with the actual operating conditions. Obtained values were compared with homologation data from the WLTP test of the tested passenger car, where the average value of energy demand is 1.1 MJ/km and the CO2 emission is 23 g/km.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-17
Author(s):  
Gazal Dandia ◽  
◽  
Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽  
Chaitali Basu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

scholarly journals Impact of Fan Airflow of IT Equipment on Thermal Environment and Energy Consumption of a Data Center

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6166
Author(s):  
Naoki Futawatari ◽  
Yosuke Udagawa ◽  
Taro Mori ◽  
Hirofumi Hayama
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Machine Room

Energy-saving in regard to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) in data centers is strongly required. Therefore, to improve the operating efficiency of the cooling equipment and extend the usage time of the economizer used for cooling information-technology equipment (ITE) in a data center, it is often the case that a high air-supply temperature within the range in which the ITE can be sufficiently cooled is selected. In the meantime, it is known that when the ambient temperature of the ITE rises, the speed of the built-in cooling fan increases. Acceleration of the built-in fan is thought to affect the cooling performance and energy consumption of the data center. Therefore, a method for predicting the temperature of a data center—which simply correlates supply-air temperature with ITE inlet temperature by utilizing existing indicators, such as air-segregation efficiency (ASE)—is proposed in this study. Moreover, a method for optimizing the total energy consumption of a data center is proposed. According to the prediction results obtained under the assumption of certain computer-room air-conditioning (CRAC) conditions, by lowering the ITE inlet temperature from 27 °C to 18 °C, the total energy consumption of the machine room is reduced by about 10%.

Comparison study of air mixing modes in liquid desiccant based all-air air conditioning systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xiao ◽  
XiaoFeng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Air System ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Liquid desiccant is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and healthy means of air dehumidification. A liquid desiccant-based all-air air conditioning system is studied by simulation. Two different modes of air mixing between the return air and the fresh air are compared, that is mixing before and mixing after the liquid desiccant dehumidifier, respectively. System performance and total energy consumption of the two modes under different operation conditions are obtained. The results show that mixing air after dehumidification consumes less energy than mixing air before dehumidification. Coefficient of performance (COP) of the all-air system with air mixing after dehumidification is higher. The differences of COP and energy consumption between the two air mixing modes increase when the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity increase. Practical application: Liquid desiccant based all-air system is quite suitable for museums, libraries and computer centres where water is not allowed to enter the space for property safety and strict thermal-hygrometric control is necessary. The results of this paper provide guidelines on the selection of air mixing modes in liquid desiccant-based all-air systems, considering energy consumption and system COP.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Greening the Existing Residential Buildings in the Egyptian Market Base Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Amr Soliman ElGohary ◽  
Shereen Omar Khashaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Sector

Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015). The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase. The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally. This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market. The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners. In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.

Energy Consumption Simulation of the Air Conditioning System in Large-Scale Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1506-1509
Author(s):  
Guang Ming Zhang ◽  
Xue Shen ◽  
Gui Zhong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Consumption Data

The working environment of air conditioning system in large-scale building is very complex, and there is no significant linear relationship between factors affecting energy consumption and energy demand of air conditioning system. This study adopts a nonlinear regression model: ANN (artificial neural network) model as energy model of air conditioning system. Take outdoor temperature, categorical day-of-week variable, equipment efficiency and terminal load as input, energy demand as output. Use energy consumption data in 2011 for network training, and energy consumption data in 2012 to verify the reliability of model. Based on energy analysis, the operation condition and the characteristics of energy consumption of air conditioning system for large-scale buildings in Nanjing could be precisely represented.

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