scholarly journals The Challenge of Greening the Existing Residential Buildings in the Egyptian Market Base Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Amr Soliman ElGohary ◽  
Shereen Omar Khashaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Sector

Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015). The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase. The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally. This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market. The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners. In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.

The Energy-Saving Research of Southward Balcony in Heating Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1072-1076
Author(s):  
Ming Zhi Feng ◽  
Bai Yang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Energy

As the shortage of global energy is increasing and the building energy consumption in the proportion of total energy consumption is rising, the reconstruction of energy saving for existing buildings gets more and more attention. Through the research on the situation of southward balcony in the heating area and analyzing the disadvantages of the current situation, the author puts forward a preliminary idea of energy-saving for southward balcony. The purpose of the idea is to reduce the energy loss and increase the efficiency in the use of solar energy.

Energy Consumption Prediction of University Buildings in China and Strategies for Energy Efficiency Management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-juan Qu ◽  
Li-nan Lei ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jin-yuan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
University Buildings

In 2007, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Housing & Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) carried out the Campus Resource Conservation Actions, in order to take full use of resources and to improve the energy efficiency. However, due to the large amounts of universities, the total energy consumption and the energy efficiency situation have no objective statistics. Taking modeling the energy consumption of university buildings as the starting point, this paper analyzes the characteristics of university buildings in China. Then, we do the prediction, trend and potential analysis of the total energy consumption in 2020. In addition, four strategies for energy efficiency management are carried out, which might be helpful for all the university managers and related departments.

scholarly journals Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Kaminska ◽  
Andrzej Ożadowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Lighting Control

Energy used for lighting is one of the major components of total energy consumption in buildings. Nowadays, buildings have a great potential to reduce their energy consumption, but to achieve this purpose additional efforts are indispensable. In this study, the need for energy savings evaluation before the implementation of lighting control algorithms for a specified building is highlighted. Therefore, experimental tests have been carried out in a university building with laboratories and other rooms, equipped with KNX building automation system. A dimmable control strategy has been investigated, dependent on daylight illuminance. Moreover, a relationship between external and internal daylight illuminance levels has been evaluated as well. Based on the experimental results, the authors proposed a method for the rough estimation of electrical energy savings. Since, according to the EN 15232 standard, Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) play an important role in buildings’ energy efficiency improvements, the BACS efficiency factors from this standard have been used to verify the experimental results presented in the paper. The potential to reduce energy consumption from lighting in non-residential buildings by 28% for offices and 24% for educational buildings has been confirmed, but its dependence on specific building parameters has been discussed as well.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Implementing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Domestic Air Conditioners in Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah M Alabani ◽  
Ibrahim H Tawil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home appliances in Libya. The calculations required to design such programs show the energy savings that can be achieved during cooling loads in the summer period of 4 months July, August, September). A strategic plan has been developed during 10-year (2020-2030) to estimate the expected savings of energy consumed and to identify possible obstacles and difficulties by gradually increasing the energy efficiency ratio for comestic air conditioners in two stages, from EER10 to EER11 in the first stage is then raised to EER12 as the second stage.

scholarly journals A water-energy balance application with adaptations to a brazilian water supply system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e380101019039
Author(s):  
Matheus Gonçalves Silqueira ◽  
Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Matheus David Guimarães Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

According to the Alliance to Save Energy, between 2 % and 3 % of the total electric energy consumed in the world is used for water pumping in supply systems, with the consumption reduction potential through energy efficiency and conservation measures being estimated at 25 %. In Brazil, the water supply sector corresponds to 2.6 % of the total energy consumed in the country, with pumping systems being responsible for over 90 % of the total energy consumption. It is extremely common to find supersized facilities with pump motor sets operating outside their ideal points, with it being a common practice to perform flow and pressure control through the installation of valves. The use of reducing valves inserts unnecessary pressure drops into the hydraulic system, increasing energy consumption. The objective of this work is to present an energy balance of a study sector of the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (AWSS) of a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to elucidate the electric energy consumption of the system and where the reduction in such consumption may occur. For this, we measured data such as the efficiency of the pump motor sets, calculated performance indicators and water loss indices, and applied the energy balance adapted. This work presents an application of a water-energy balance with adaptations to a Brazilian water supply system, under the perspective of the energy efficiency in lift station pump motor sets.

A Study on Energy Consumption Optimization for Cooperative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Guang You Yang ◽  
Xiong Gan ◽  
Tuo Zheng ◽  
Zhi Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Modulation Parameter ◽  
Cooperative Beamforming

In wireless sensor networks where the volume and energy of nodes are limited by batteries, which are difficult or prohibitively expensive to replace or recharge in the most of its application scenarios, so improving energy efficiency has very important significance.Cooperative beamforming forms virtual antenna arrays by multiple adjacent wireless sensor nodes, which improves the signal strength at the receiver and reduces the energy consumption of the transmitter by multiplexing gain and interference management.In this paper, the problem of energy consumption optimization for cooperative beamforming in wireless sensor networks was studied. First, considering both amplifier energy consumption and circuit energy consumption,energy consumption models for both broadcast phase and cooperative beamforming phase was presented.Then,we propose a two-step optimization to minimize the total energy consumption by optimizing the modulation parameter and the number of cooperative nodes.We simulate the total energy consumption for various transmission distances,modulation parameters , path losses and the number of cooperative nodes.The numerical results show that,for different system parameters, selecting the optimal modulation parameter and the optimal number of cooperative nodes can reduce total energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.

Improvement of enzymatic digestibility of wood by a sequence of optimized milling procedures with final vibratory tube mills for the amorphization of cellulose

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Johnway Gao ◽  
Kristin L. Brandt ◽  
Jinxue Jiang ◽  
Yalan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Tube Mill ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Enzymatic Digestibility ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

AbstractA three-stage wood milling process was investigated leading to coarse, fine and amorphization of milled wood (MW) as a pretreatment for enzymatic wood hydrolysis. An eccentric vibratory tube mill (EVTM) and a spring suspended vibratory tube mill (SSVTM) were found to be suitable for wood cellulose amorphization. Both methods gave rise to highly digestible and amorphous wood powders amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis. The SSVTM had superior energy efficiency. The resulting MW afforded a 70% sugar yield via enzymatic hydrolysis and the total energy consumption was around 1.5 kWh kg−1oven-dried wood (odW) for all three milling stages. In contrast, EVTM consumed 17 kWh kg−1odW energy. Accordingly, SSVTM has a high potential for preparing wood for enzymatic hydrolysis.

Research on Energy-Saving Rebuilding Technologies for Existing Residential Buildings in South of Jiangsu Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Jian Bo Bai ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhe Hao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Project

Aiming at the problem of too much energy consumption of existing residential buildings in south of Jiangsu Province. In this paper，rebuilding technologies of energy efficiency for the buildings is proposed in detail, which including possible energy-saving measures for exterior walls, roofs, exterior windows, shadings and corridor in the existing buildings. An energy-saving reconstruction project example located in Hohai Xincun in Changzhou Xinbei District was presented and analyzed.

scholarly journals Optimal technical and economic strategy for retrofitting residential buildings in Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Mihail-Bogdan Căruțașiu ◽  
Constantin Ionescu ◽  
Horia Necula
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

Abstract The European Legislation is very strict regarding the importance of reducing the energy consumption in buildings sector. The importance of achieving nearly zero energy consumption levels for both new and existing buildings is also highlighted in each Members’ national legislation. Moreover, the high percentage of existing buildings across European Union, indicates that they need to be adequately approached in order to achieve the ambitious energy efficiency goals. This implies creating the optimal technical and financial retrofit strategies regarding minimizing the energy consumption without lowering the interior comfort levels. In Romania, there is no unitary strategy aiming to maximize the energy efficiency in buildings which also takes into consideration the financial part of the process. Moreover, there are no known national guidelines and strategies for buildings retrofit which takes into consideration a wide range of equipment. The Romanian Energy Efficiency Strategy presents few possibilities resulted from integrating renewable energy sources within typical Romanian buildings, while the Buildings Performance Institute Europe conducted a research regarding the potential of nearly Zero Energy Buildings implementation across Romanian territory. Both studies refer only to typical buildings and do not present a large perspective for retrofitting action, while the financial study is not properly presented. Thus, this paper develops a comprehensive financial study which could be used as guideline by stakeholders, in order to find the best technical solution for decreasing the final energy consumption in Romanian residential buildings. Using the RETScreen software and its economical features, there were developed several energy efficiency solutions, and by analyzing the financial benefits implied, the best solution was chosen. By adopting the solutions presented within this feasibility study, the energy consumption of buildings should be significantly reduced.

Energy Efficiency of Water Hydraulic FST, PMT, and Servo Motor System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pha N. Pham ◽  
Kazuhisa Ito ◽  
Shigeru Ikeo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
State Error

Low energy efficiency and high installed cost are the two main problems that prevent water hydraulics to be popular in application. This research introduces two novel systems: water hydraulic fluid switching transmission (FST) and pump motor transmission (PMT) that only use cheap ON/OFF valves for lessening the initial cost and reducing the energy consumption; beside, this paper also introduces a conventional servo motor system (SMS) for comparison. Moreover, both FST and PMT systems can recover the kinetic energy of a flywheel in a deceleration process and store it into an accumulator for using in the next working cycle. The experimental results show that the FST system only need from 33.2 to 47.3% of total energy consumption of the SMS to complete a full cycle and even much reducing in PMT system with the reduction from 76.0 to 86.0%. A method to estimate the saved energy stored in the accumulator will be introduced in this study as well and found out that from 8.2 to 11.6% and from 8.7 to 13.7% of the total energy consumption of the FST and PMT systems were recovered. The SMS shows advantage in transient response with the shortest rise time and smallest overshoot while the steady state error is only slightly smaller than the PMT system. The steady state error of FST system is quite large, but it keeps almost same value for all reference velocity; thus, such system is appropriate for applying in high velocity systems. With acceptable velocity response and extremely improving in energy efficiency, the PMT system is promising to replace conventional water hydraulic system in many applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document