scholarly journals Prevalence of Active Trachoma and Its Associated Factors among Rural and Urban Children in Dera Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metadel Alemayehu ◽  
Digsu N. Koye ◽  
Amare Tariku ◽  
Kedir Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background. Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Once an epidemic in most parts of the world, it has largely now disappeared from developed countries. However, it continues to be endemic in many developing countries like Ethiopia. Even if several studies were conducted in different parts of Ethiopia, most of them did not show the independent predictors for rural and urban children separately. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma in urban and rural children.Methods. Community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Dera woreda. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 671 children of one up to nine years of age. Data were collected by face to face interview and observation using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Binary Logistic Regression Model was fitted to consider adding independent predictors of outcome.Results. Out of 671 children, 20 (9.3%) of urban and 85 (18.6%) of rural children were positive for active trachoma. Having discharge on eye (AOR = 6.9, 95% CI: 1.79–27.89), presence of liquid waste around the main house (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.94–16.18), and living in households without latrine (AOR = 4.39, 95% CI: 1.39–13.89) were significantly associated with active trachoma of urban children. Rural children who had discharge on their eye (AOR = 5.86, 95% CI: 2.78–12.33), those who had unclean face (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 2.24–9.81), and those living in households with feces around their main houses (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.04–3.62) were significantly associated with active trachoma.Conclusion. The result showed that the prevalence of active trachoma in urban areas of the district was below WHO threshold of 10% to determine trachoma as public health problem. However, in rural areas of the district it is far from elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. Thus, in order to improve awareness of the community there is a need of health education programs regarding facial cleanliness, utilization of latrine, and proper solid waste and liquid waste disposal using multidisciplinary approach.

Low Prevalence of Active Trachoma and Associated Factors among Children aged 1–9 years in Rural Communities of Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessete Ayelgn ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Atalay Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract BackgroundTrachoma is an infectious disease of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and transmitted via contact with eye discharge from infected persons and leading to blindness worldwide. Children less than 9 years of age affected more seriously. The disease is common where access to water and sanitation are limited.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Metema District, West Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodA community based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 792 children aged 1–9 years old in Metema district from April to May 2018. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and eye examination using binocular loupe to differentiate trachoma cases was the data collection methods and tools. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed for analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.ResultsA total of 752 children aged l-9 years were enrolled in this study with response rate of 94.9%. The overall prevalence of active trachoma among the study participants was 11.8% (95 % CI, 9.5–13.9). Unprotected source of water (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.5–8.9), lower household water consumption (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-6.0), improper latrine utilization (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.7), and frequency of face washing once per day (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2–26.6) were the factors significantly associated with active trachoma.ConclusionThe current study revealed a lower overall prevalence of active trachoma (11.8%) than the WHO threshold prevalence (20%) used to declare it as a severe public health problem. All residents and health professional should collaborate on trachoma prevention by implementing the WHO SAFE strategy- surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement for further trachoma elimination.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessete Ayelgn ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Atalay Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Trachoma is an infectious disease of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and transmitted via contact with eye discharge from infected persons and leading to blindness worldwide. Children less than 9 years of age affected more seriously. The disease is common where access to water and sanitation are limited. Objective To determine the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Metema District, West Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Method A community based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 792 children aged 1–9 years old in Metema district from April to May 2018. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and eye examination using binocular loupe to differentiate trachoma cases was the data collection methods and tools. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed for analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results A total of 752 children aged l-9 years were enrolled in this study with response rate of 94.9%. The overall prevalence of active trachoma among the study participants was 11.8% (95% CI, 9.5–13.9). Unprotected source of water (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.5–8.9), lower household water consumption (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–6.0), improper latrine utilization (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.7), and frequency of face washing once per day (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2–26.6) were the factors significantly associated with active trachoma. Conclusion The current study revealed a lower overall prevalence of active trachoma (11.8%) than the WHO threshold prevalence (20%) used to declare it as a severe public health problem. All residents and health professional should collaborate on trachoma prevention by implementing the WHO SAFE strategy- surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement for further trachoma elimination.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 under five children deaths and 1.7 billion cases in the world and the second leading cause of death among under-five children. It is the major public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.Methods Community based cross-sectional study design was done among 420 children in Debre Behan Town. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess level of significance.Results The two week prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 16.4%. Age of children with 7-11 month years old (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.2 – 15.3), being the second children (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 – 8.5), not vaccinated against Rota virus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 – 91.3) and feeding children by using hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of under five children diarrhea.Conclusions This study revealed that the two weeks’ period prevalence of under-five diarrhea was relatively high. Age of children, vaccination against Rota virus and feeding children by using hand were associated with under-five children diarrhea. Education program on the important of vaccination against Rota virus and critical point of hand washing is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1 to 9 years in rural communities of Lemo district, southern Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endale WoldeKidan ◽  
Deresse Daka ◽  
Deresse Legesse ◽  
Tariku Laelago ◽  
Bealu Betebo
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Active Trachoma

Abstract Background Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of blindness. It is transmitted via personal contact with infected ocular and nasal secretions by hands, fomites and eye- seeking flies. Active trachoma is more common among children aged 1 to 9 years. The objective of this study was determining the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1 to 9 years in rural community of Lemo district. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2018 in rural community of Lemo district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 589 study participants. Data were collected by using structured pre-tested questionnaire, physical examination and observation. Binocular loupe was used to identify active trachoma cases. The data were entered by using EPi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with active trachoma. Variables with p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were used to declare significance of association. Result Eighty seven (15.2%) children were positive for active trachoma. Absence of solid waste disposal pit (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.12-4.37), do not use latrine as reported by respondent (AOR = 7.53, 95% CI (2.86-19.84), do not use soap for face washing as reported by respondent (AOR =2.3, 95% CI (1.32–4.12), washing face frequency as reported by respondent (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.06–3.26), and family size greater than five (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.06–3.67) were significantly associated with active trachoma. Conclusion Active trachoma among children aged 1 to 9 years is high. Do not use latrine, do not use soap for face washing, and face washing frequency in a day as reported by respondents and family size were associated with active trachoma. Access to adequate water and sanitation can be important components in working towards eliminating trachoma as a public health problem. Therefore, prompt measures must be taken by concerned bodies to increase access to adequate water and sanitation facilities.

scholarly journals Trend of unintentional suffocation death for infants under 1 year of age from 2009 to 2018 in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038666
Author(s):  
Fanjuan Kong ◽  
Aihua Wang ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Lili Xiong ◽  
Donghua Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveFew studies have addressed the unintentional suffocation of infants in China. This study is to assess the mortality rate of unintentional suffocation among infants and the differences across age groups, gender, rural versus urban locations and related healthcare services.DesignA cross-sectional study on unintentional suffocation death of infants under 1 year of age in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2018.SettingHunan Province, with a population of 74 million, has an area of 210 000 square kilometres and 123 counties/districts.ParticipantsThe total data of 4109 unintentional suffocation deaths of infants in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2018 was collected, including 2331 boys, 1766 girls, 12 infants of unknown gender, 2906 rural children and 1203 urban children.Main outcome measureThe unintentional suffocation mortality rate of infants is defined as the number of unintentional suffocation deaths of children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year.ResultsThe infant mortality rate showed a downward trend from 2009 to 2018. Infant unintentional suffocation death decreased first and then fluctuated. The proportion of unintentional suffocation death to infant death showed an upward trend in fluctuation. Boys and rural children had higher mortality rates than those of girls and urban children. A total of 43.5% of the deaths occurred in winter. Forty-eight per cent of the unintentional suffocations were infants between 1 and 4 months of age. A total of 46.4% of the deaths occurred at home, and 71.6% were not treated; approximately 81.8% of the untreated cases were mainly due to a lack of time to get to the hospital. A total of 65.2% of the deaths were diagnosed postmortem.ConclusionThe mortality rate of unintentional suffocation among infants in Hunan Province should attract the attention of the population, and measures should be taken according to epidemiological investigations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among primary school children in Mymensingh: A school-based cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Azizul Hoque ◽  
Bilkis Begum ◽  
Muhammad Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Monirul Islam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

Anemia is a global public health problem affecting 305 million school children (SC) worldwide. It has deleterious effects in SC, including lower school achievement due to impaired cognitive development and physical growth, fatigue and poor attention span, and increased morbidity because of reduced resistance to infection. The school age is a dynamic period of growth and development. During this period physical, mental, social development of child takes place. The purpose of the study is to observe the anemia among the school aged children and to compare the urban and rural children as well as to see the correlation between malnutrition and anemia.  A school-based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 600 School Children from 10 school, aged from 6-10 years old children of Mymensingh district. Study was conducted for a period of one year from October 2009 to September 2010. Two staged stratified random sampling method were employed to select study participants. Data on socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and dietary status of children were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview of children's caregivers. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined by using cyanmethaemoglobin method. Datawas analyzed by computer programmed SPSS version 14.0. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Among the primary school children in Seventy one percent of our primary school children were anemic. Rural children were more sufferers in anemia. CBMJ 2018 January: Vol. 07 No. 01 P: 24-29

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of Internet addiction among college students using smartphone in Tamil Nadu -A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4525
Author(s):  
Mariavinifa X. ◽  
Govindarajan P. K. ◽  
John William A. Felix
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There has been rapid growth on the internet not only in India, but also in worldwide. It is a major public health problem affecting an enormous number of individuals. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and its associated factors among college students using smartphone in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Annamalai University from October 2019 to October 2020.A total of five hundred students from various streams (medicine, dental, bachelor of physiotherapy, engineering, arts and science) were selected conveniently and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, questions on internet usage and Young's internet addiction test were used to gather data. Descriptive Statistics was defined in terms of percentage and frequency. Inferential statistics was analysed with Chi-Square test.Results: Out of the five hundred students, 45.4% were males, 54.6 % were females .The users were divided into groups, 38.8 % as normal users, 37% as mild addicts, 21% as moderate addicts, 3.2% as severe addicts. Thus overall prevalence of internet addiction was 61.2%. Degree of internet addiction was significantly associated with age, time spent daily on the internet and using internet for social media, online communications and playing online games.Conclusions: The present study showed a prevalence of internet addiction is high among college students. Therefore, it’s essential to make awareness among the students to enhance their quality of life through the prevention of addictive usage of the internet.  

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