scholarly journals Motorcycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries: Helmet Use and Treatment Outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Ogbonna Nnanna Nnadi ◽  
Olufemi Babatola Bankole ◽  
Beleudanyo Gbalipre Fente
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

Summary. With increasing use of motorcycle as means of transport in developing countries, traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle crashes have been increasing. The only single gadget that protects riders from traumatic brain injury is crash helmet. Objective. The objectives were to determine the treatment outcome among traumatic brain injury patients from motorcycle crashes and the rate of helmet use among them. Methods. It was a prospective, cross-sectional study of motorcycle-related traumatic brain injury patients managed in our center from 2010 to 2014. Patients were managed using our unit protocol for traumatic brain injuries. Data for the study were collected in accident and emergency, intensive care unit, wards, and outpatient clinic. The data were analyzed using Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software. Results. Ninety-six patients were studied. There were 87 males. Drivers were 65. Only one patient wore helmet. Majority of them were between 20 and 40 years. Fifty-three patients had mild head injuries. Favorable outcome among them was 84.35% while mortality was 12.5%. Severity of the injury affected the outcome significantly. Conclusion. Our study showed that the helmet use by motorcycle riders was close to zero despite the existing laws making its use compulsory in Nigeria. The outcome was related to severity of injuries.

Emotion Perception and Alexithymia in People With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: One Disorder or Two? A Preliminary Investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye McDonald ◽  
Julia Rosenfeld ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Leanne Togher ◽  
Robyn Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractPrimary objective:Recent research studies attest to the presence of deficits in emotion perception following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Additionally, a growing number of studies report significant levels of alexithymia (disorder of emotional cognition) following TBI. This research aimed to examine the relation between the two, while assessing the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Design:Cross-sectional study examining levels of alexithymia, emotion perception disorders and PTSD and their association, in 20 people with severe, chronic TBI and 20 adults without brain injuries.Methods:Participants were assessed on the Toronto Alexithymia — 20 Scale, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and on two emotion perception tasks: matching and labelling of photos depicting the 6 basic emotions.Results:The group with TBI were impaired relative to controls when matching facial expressions. Their performance on ‘fear’ was especially poor. Performance on labelling was similar in pattern, although failed to reach significance. There was no association between poor performance on fear, or other negative expressions, and either PTSD or alexithymia symptoms in the TBI group.Conclusions:Alexithymia, as assessed by the TAS-20, taps a constellation of difficulties that do not appear to include difficulties with emotion perception in people with traumatic brain injuries.

scholarly journals Validation of the scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minor and moderate head trauma in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Sönnerqvist ◽  
Ole Brus ◽  
Magnus Olivecrona
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Initial Management

Abstract Background Head trauma in children is common, with a low rate of clinically important traumatic brain injury. CT scan is the reference standard for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, of which the increasing use is alarming because of the risk of induction of lethal malignancies. Recently, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee derived new guidelines for the initial management of minor and moderate head trauma. Our aim was to validate these guidelines. Methods We applied the guidelines to a population consisting of children with mild and moderate head trauma, enrolled in the study: “Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study” by Kuppermann et al. (Lancet 374(9696):1160–1170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61558-0, 2009). We calculated the negative predictive values of the guidelines to assess their ability to distinguish children without clinically-important traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries on CT scans, for whom CT could be omitted. Results We analysed a population of 43,025 children. For clinically-important brain injuries among children with minimal head injuries, the negative predictive value was 99.8% and the rate was 0.15%. For traumatic findings on CT, the negative predictive value was 96.9%. Traumatic finding on CT was detected in 3.1% of children with minimal head injuries who underwent a CT examination, which accounts for 0.45% of all children in this group. Conclusion Children with minimal head injuries can be safely discharged with oral and written instructions. Use of the SNC-G will potentially reduce the use of CT.

Identifying Frequency of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Firefighters

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Torres ◽  
Jordan E. Strack ◽  
Sara Dolan ◽  
Marc I. Kruse ◽  
Michelle L. Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a nationwide problem; yet, no firefighter mTBI data are available. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed retrospective head injuries using WHO guidelines. We captured mTBI frequency and examined firefighters’ symptoms (e.g., using Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification method, Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen, Warrior Administered Retrospective Causality Assessment Tool). Findings: Of 1,112 firefighters contacted, 60 responses were included. Most participants were White (80%), male (90%), former athletes (75%). 62% met mTBI symptom criteria. 75% reported at least one lifetime head injury. Number of head injuries and depression symptoms were associated (r = .36, p < .05). Conclusion/application to practice: Overall, it appears most firefighters have sustained at least one lifetime mTBI. Those with multiple head injuries may be at increased risk of depression. Occupational health professionals should be aware of firefighters’ mTBI risk. Further research is warranted given findings.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic tau oligomers after single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Bittar ◽  
Nemil Bhatt ◽  
Tasneem F Hasan ◽  
Mauro Montalbano ◽  
Nicha Puangmalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Tau Oligomers ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Single Versus

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury accounts for the majority of head injuries and has been correlated with neurodegeneration and dementia. While repetitive mild traumatic brain injury is highly correlated to neurodegeneration, the correlation of a single mild traumatic brain injury with neurodegeneration is still unclear. Because tau aggregates are the main form of mild traumatic brain injury induced pathology, toxic forms of tau protein most likely play a role in the development of post-mild traumatic brain injury neurodegeneration. Therefore, it becomes crucial to characterize the properties of soluble tau aggregates in single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Herein, we isolated tau oligomers from wild-type mice exposed to single or repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and characterized the tau aggregates at functional, biochemical and biophysical levels. We demonstrated that single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries frequencies lead to the formation of different tau oligomeric polymorphisms. These polymorphisms express different long-term potentiation impairment potencies, toxicity potentials, morphologies and strain indicating properties. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that soluble tau oligomers derived from single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries form distinct polymorphisms that possibly correlate with the risk of neurodegeneration after mild traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals Analysis of Traumatic brain injury related to Kite flying festival: An institutional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Manish Jaiswal ◽  
Somil Jaiswal ◽  
Bal Krishna Ojha ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singh ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Emergency Admission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressed Fracture ◽  
Injured Patients

Abstract Introduction: Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan is the kite flying festival in India. The festival marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer as the sun moves to the Tropic of Cancer bringing with it longer and warmer days. But it turns into a difficult day for those who are hospitalised after suffering from kite flying related injuries. Aims & Objectives: The objective of this cross sectional study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of this kite flying festival who were admitted in department of Neurosurgery on the occasion this year in January. Patients & Methods: A total of 46 traumatic brain injured patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services that day, out of which 18 cases were related to kite flying related injury. Data of these 18 patients were analysed and outcome were measured at discharge. Result: kite flying festival related neurotrauma increase 39% more emergency admission burden as compared to routine days in neuro-emergency ward. Most common cause of head injury among them was fall from roof. Majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other part of body were present in 46% patients. Conclusion: Children were most affected due to unsupervised kite flying on roof and road side catching of kites. Depressed fracture was commonest type of traumatic brain injury. Strict attention to safety measures and parental supervision while flying kites can avoid many preventable injuries to life.

MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
Intracranial Hematomas

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Tsai, Y.-C., et al. Association of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of a Propensity Score-Matched Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4266

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Analysis

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

scholarly journals Effect Sizes for Symptomatic and Cognitive Improvements in Traumatic Brain Injury Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Thomas Biggs ◽  
Hugh M. Dainer ◽  
Lanny F Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Effect Sizes

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proposed as a method to treat traumatic brain injuries. The combination of pressure and increased oxygen concentration produces a higher content of dissolved oxygen in the bloodstream, which could generate a therapeutic benefit for brain injuries. This dissolved oxygen penetrates deeper into damaged brain tissue than otherwise possible and promotes healing. The result includes improved cognitive functioning and an alleviation of symptoms. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to produce consistent conclusions across multiple studies. There are numerous explanations that might account for the mixed evidence, although one possibility is that prior evidence focuses primarily on statistical significance. The current analyses explored existing evidence by calculating an effect size from each active treatment group and each control group among previous studies. An effect size measure offers several advantages when comparing across studies as it can be used to directly contrast evidence from different scales, and it provides a proximal measure of clinical significance. When exploring the therapeutic benefit through effect sizes, there was a robust and consistent benefit to individuals who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Placebo effects from the control condition could account for approximately one-third of the observed benefits, but there appeared to be a clinically significant benefit to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment intervention for traumatic brain injuries. This evidence highlights the need for design improvements when exploring interventions for traumatic brain injury as well as the importance of focusing on clinical significance in addition to statistical significance.

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