Analysis of Traumatic brain injury related to Kite flying festival: An institutional study

Abstract Introduction: Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan is the kite flying festival in India. The festival marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer as the sun moves to the Tropic of Cancer bringing with it longer and warmer days. But it turns into a difficult day for those who are hospitalised after suffering from kite flying related injuries. Aims & Objectives: The objective of this cross sectional study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of this kite flying festival who were admitted in department of Neurosurgery on the occasion this year in January. Patients & Methods: A total of 46 traumatic brain injured patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services that day, out of which 18 cases were related to kite flying related injury. Data of these 18 patients were analysed and outcome were measured at discharge. Result: kite flying festival related neurotrauma increase 39% more emergency admission burden as compared to routine days in neuro-emergency ward. Most common cause of head injury among them was fall from roof. Majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other part of body were present in 46% patients. Conclusion: Children were most affected due to unsupervised kite flying on roof and road side catching of kites. Depressed fracture was commonest type of traumatic brain injury. Strict attention to safety measures and parental supervision while flying kites can avoid many preventable injuries to life.

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Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3126/njn.v12i2.15895 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Bal G Karmacharya ◽

Brijesh Sathian

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

The Body ◽

Mild Head Injury ◽

Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

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Emotion Perception and Alexithymia in People With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: One Disorder or Two? A Preliminary Investigation

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1375/brim.12.3.165 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 165-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Skye McDonald ◽

Julia Rosenfeld ◽

Julie D. Henry ◽

Leanne Togher ◽

Robyn Tate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Emotion Perception ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractPrimary objective:Recent research studies attest to the presence of deficits in emotion perception following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Additionally, a growing number of studies report significant levels of alexithymia (disorder of emotional cognition) following TBI. This research aimed to examine the relation between the two, while assessing the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Design:Cross-sectional study examining levels of alexithymia, emotion perception disorders and PTSD and their association, in 20 people with severe, chronic TBI and 20 adults without brain injuries.Methods:Participants were assessed on the Toronto Alexithymia — 20 Scale, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and on two emotion perception tasks: matching and labelling of photos depicting the 6 basic emotions.Results:The group with TBI were impaired relative to controls when matching facial expressions. Their performance on ‘fear’ was especially poor. Performance on labelling was similar in pattern, although failed to reach significance. There was no association between poor performance on fear, or other negative expressions, and either PTSD or alexithymia symptoms in the TBI group.Conclusions:Alexithymia, as assessed by the TAS-20, taps a constellation of difficulties that do not appear to include difficulties with emotion perception in people with traumatic brain injuries.

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Cross-sectional study of major procedure codes among hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury by level of injury severity in the 2004 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000024438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. e24438

Author(s):

Hind A. Beydoun ◽

Catherine Butt ◽

May A. Beydoun ◽

Sharmin Hossain ◽

Shaker M. Eid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Procedure ◽

Procedure Codes

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Motorcycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries: Helmet Use and Treatment Outcome

Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.1155/2015/696787 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mathias Ogbonna Nnanna Nnadi ◽

Olufemi Babatola Bankole ◽

Beleudanyo Gbalipre Fente

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Helmet Use ◽

Motorcycle Crashes

Summary. With increasing use of motorcycle as means of transport in developing countries, traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle crashes have been increasing. The only single gadget that protects riders from traumatic brain injury is crash helmet. Objective. The objectives were to determine the treatment outcome among traumatic brain injury patients from motorcycle crashes and the rate of helmet use among them. Methods. It was a prospective, cross-sectional study of motorcycle-related traumatic brain injury patients managed in our center from 2010 to 2014. Patients were managed using our unit protocol for traumatic brain injuries. Data for the study were collected in accident and emergency, intensive care unit, wards, and outpatient clinic. The data were analyzed using Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software. Results. Ninety-six patients were studied. There were 87 males. Drivers were 65. Only one patient wore helmet. Majority of them were between 20 and 40 years. Fifty-three patients had mild head injuries. Favorable outcome among them was 84.35% while mortality was 12.5%. Severity of the injury affected the outcome significantly. Conclusion. Our study showed that the helmet use by motorcycle riders was close to zero despite the existing laws making its use compulsory in Nigeria. The outcome was related to severity of injuries.

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A study of vasospasm in traumatic brain injury with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Brain and Spine Foundation Nepal ◽

10.3126/jbsfn.v2i1.39012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Shyam Babu Prasad ◽

Suresh Bishokarma ◽

Sagar Koirala ◽

Dinesh Nath Gongal

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Mean Flow ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Gcs Score

Introduction: Cerebral vasospasm (CV) is common following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, its impact on neurological outcome, especially in head trauma, has not been yet elucidated. Controversy exists about the true relationship between TBI, SAH and Traumatic Vasospasm. Hence, this study aims to determine the association of vasospasm in TBI with SAH. Methods: This is Observational cross-sectional study with 124 head injury patients. 31 patients were excluded. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) was conducted on daily bases in all patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vasospasm in the MCA and ACA was defined by a mean Flow velocity (FV) exceeding 120 cm/s and three times the mean FV of the ipsilateral ICA. Results: Among 93 included patients, 72 (77%) were male and 21 (23%) were female. Mean age was (35+10) years. Mean GCS score was (11+4.1). 61 (66%) patients suffered with severe head injury. Vasospasm was detected in 45 % (42) of the total patients. Vasospasm was severe among 4.3% (4 patients), and moderate among 65.6% (61 patients). Association was found between severity of trauma and the severity of vasospasm in MCA (r= 0.41 and 0.38, p value< 0.005) and in ACA (r =0.25, p value < 0.005). The presence of SAH is highly correlated with an amplified incidence of vasospasm. The patients who developed vasospasm, 55% (23) had SAH whereas 45% (19) didn’t have SAH, the corresponding p value is 0.04 which is significant. Conclusion: The high incidence of vasospasm is associated with SAH in severe TBI patients. Further studies are recommended to determine predictors of vasospasm in TBI patients with SAH.

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The role of salivary vesicles as a potential inflammatory biomarker to detect traumatic brain injury in mixed martial artists

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87180-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rani Matuk ◽

Mandy Pereira ◽

Janette Baird ◽

Mark Dooner ◽

Yan Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

High Impact ◽

Impact Mechanism ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Potential Biomarker

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is of significant concern in the realm of high impact contact sports, including mixed martial arts (MMA). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) travel between the brain and oral cavity and may be isolated from salivary samples as a noninvasive biomarker of TBI. Salivary EVs may highlight acute neurocognitive or neuropathological changes, which may be particularly useful as a biomarker in high impact sports. Pre and post-fight samples of saliva were isolated from 8 MMA fighters and 7 from controls. Real-time PCR of salivary EVs was done using the TaqMan Human Inflammatory array. Gene expression profiles were compared pre-fight to post-fight as well as pre-fight to controls. Largest signals were noted for fighters sustaining a loss by technical knockout (higher impact mechanism of injury) or a full match culminating in referee decision (longer length of fight), while smaller signals were noted for fighters winning by joint or choke submission (lower impact mechanism as well as less time). A correlation was observed between absolute gene information signals and fight related markers of head injury severity. Gene expression was also significantly different in MMA fighters pre-fight compared to controls. Our findings suggest that salivary EVs as a potential biomarker in the acute period following head injury to identify injury severity and can help elucidate pathophysiological processes involved in TBI.

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Correspondence of the Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury-Lifetime and In-Theater Department of Defense Medical Records

10.21203/rs.3.rs-659143/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahra Kim ◽

Alyssa Currao ◽

Jennifer R. Fonda ◽

Brigitta Beck ◽

Alexandra Kenna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Department Of Defense ◽

Medical Records ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

System Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Convenience Sample

Abstract Background: Since 2006, efforts have been made to increase the identification of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in post-9/11 military personnel. The BAT-L is the first validated instrument to diagnose TBIs throughout the lifespan in post-9/11 Veterans. The objective is to investigate the correspondence of the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L) diagnostic prevalence and injury severity of traumatic brain injury with in-theater medical records from Department of Defense (DoD). Methods: A convenience sample of 153 Veterans deployed in 2011 enrolled in the TRACTS longitudinal cohort study was examined. Retrospective review of DoD online medical records to determine diagnostic prevalence and injury severity for all head injury cases during deployment were compared with diagnostic prevalence and injury severity from the BAT-L clinical interview using Chi-square analyses.Results: There was moderate correspondence for TBI diagnosis between the BAT-L and DoD records (κ = 0.42). Sensitivity was 72.7% and specificity was 82.8%. Comparison of injury severity also had moderate correspondence (κ = 0.41). Missing TBI diagnostic data from DoD records was frequent; 43% percent of TBIs reported on the BAT-L did not have any documentation of mTBI assessment or diagnosis in DoD records while 83% did not have in-theater documentation.Conclusions: Diagnosis of TBI via the BAT-L retrospective interview was both sensitive and specific when compared to DoD medical records. However, diagnostic correspondence was only moderate. This lack of diagnostic agreement was related to multiple factors including lack of documentation of injury, differences in assessment tools and goals, and other combat-related motivational factors associated with failure to report injuries while deployed. Several policies were implemented to address underreporting and under-documentation of TBI, yet challenges remain. Findings suggest changes at both individual-level (e.g. service members) and system-level (e.g. DoD/military branches) are needed to adequately diagnose and document all TBI during deployment.

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The Expanding Role of Quantitative Pupillometry in the Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.685313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jason H. Boulter ◽

Margaret M. Shields ◽

Melissa R. Meister ◽

Gregory Murtha ◽

Brian P. Curry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Brain Injured ◽

The World ◽

Injured Patients ◽

Austere Environments ◽

Active Investigation

Traumatic brain injury is a rapidly increasing source of morbidity and mortality across the world. As such, the evaluation and management of traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe are under active investigation. Over the last two decades, quantitative pupillometry has been increasingly found to be useful in both the immediate evaluation and ongoing management of traumatic brain injured patients. Given these findings and the portability and ease of use of modern pupillometers, further adoption and deployment of quantitative pupillometers into the preclinical and hospital settings of both resource rich and medically austere environments.

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Factors Related To Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients at M Djamil Padang Hospital

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i8.388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 811-817

Author(s):

Nora Fitri ◽

Syarif Indra ◽

Hendra Permana

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Threat

Background: Traumatic brain injury is still a major threat because it can cause global morbidity and mortality. Many factors can affect the outcome of a traumatic brain injury. Some conditions that can exacerbate traumatic brain injury include GCS conditions, blood pressure variability, and pupillary reflexes.Methods: The research was conducted in M. Djamil Padang Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021. The study design was a cross-sectional study in traumatic brain injury patients with ≤ 48 hours of onset and the aged between 18-60 years. The subjects in this study consisted of 66 subjects. At 6 weeks after onset, a GOS assessment was performed to assess patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed computerized with SPSS 22.0. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most of the patients were male (71.2%) with an average age of 36.41 ± 14,275 years, and the most common injury mechanism was traffic accidents (95.5%). There was a significant relationship between onset of incidence, hypotension, pupillary reflexes, and Rotterdam score with the outcome of traumatic brain injury patients (p<0.05) and there was no significant relationship between age, gender, and mechanism of injury with the outcome patients with traumatic brain injury. Conclution: The onset of events, hypotension, pupillary reflexes, and Rotterdam scores significantly affect the outcome patients of traumatic brain injury.

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