Distal Insertional Footprint of the Brachialis Muscle: 3D Morphometric Study

Objective. The purpose of this study is to describe the three-dimensional morphometry of the brachialis muscle at its distal attachment to the ulna. Methods. Fifty cadaveric elbows were dissected and the brachialis distal insertion was isolated on the ulna bone and probed with a three-dimensional digitizer, to create a three-dimensional model of the footprint. Measurements and analysis of each footprint shape were recorded and compared based on gender and size. Results. There was significant gender difference in the surface length (P= 0.002) and projected length (P= 0.001) of the brachialis footprint. The shapes of the footprint also differed among the specimens. Conclusion. The shape of the brachialis muscle insertion differed among all the specimens without significant variation in gender or sides. There was also a significant difference in muscle length between males and females with little difference in the width and surface area. Significance. The information obtained from this study is important for kinematic understanding and surgical procedures around the elbow joint as well as the understanding of the natural age related anatomy of the brachialis footprint morphology.

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COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE CEREBELLUM OF MEN AT A YOUNG AND OLD AGE ACCORDING TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE TOMOGRAPHY

MORPHOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER ◽

10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(4):451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 68-72

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Balandin ◽

Lev M. Zheleznov ◽

Irina A. Balandina ◽

Valery S. Shelud'ko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Old Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽

Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Investigation which devoted to the study of the age characteristics of the human body are becoming increasingly important. Magnetic resonance tomography is the most informative diagnostic method for intravital visualization of tissues and structures of the brain. It also allows you to more accurately see the picture of morphological features with age-associated changes. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the age-related morphometric characteristics of the cerebellum in male with mesocranic type of cranium in young and old age according to the data of magnetic resonance tomography. The analysis of the results of a morphometric study of the cerebellum on tomograms of 91 men examined for medical reasons was carried out. Depending on the age, the subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included 52 young men (22–27 years old, inclusive), group II included 39 elderly men (from 78 to 83 years old, inclusive). The transverse, longitudinal and vertical dimensions of the cerebellum were determined. When comparing the parameters of the linear dimensions of the cerebellum in the studied age groups of men, a statistically significant decrease in all indicators in old age compared with young age was revealed (p=0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between the parameters of the longitudinal and vertical sizes of the cerebellar hemispheres in individuals of each age group (p>0.05); there is a tendency for these sizes to prevail in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The results obtained can serve as the equivalent of the age-related anatomical norm of the cerebellum in young and old men, which will make it possible to use these data in basic and clinical research, as well as in medical practice.

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Plexus-specific retinal capillary avascular area in exudative age-related macular degeneration with projection-resolved OCT angiography

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317562 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317562

Author(s):

Liqin Gao ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Qisheng You ◽

Yukun Guo ◽

Christina J Flaxel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Avascular Area ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retinal Capillary ◽

Capillary Plexus

ObjectiveTo detect the plexus-specific retinal capillary avascular area in exudative age-related macular degeneration (EAMD) with projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography (PR-OCTA).Methods and analysisIn this prospective cross-sectional single centre study, eyes with treatment-naïve EAMD underwent macular 3×3 mm OCTA with AngioVue system. OCTA scans were analysed and processed including three-dimensional projection artefact removal, retinal layer semi-automated segmentation and en face angiogram generation. Automated quantification of extrafoveal (excluding the central 1 mm circle) avascular area (EAA) were calculated on projection-resolved superficial vascular complex (SVC), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), respectively.ResultsNineteen eyes with EAMD and 19 age-matched healthy control eyes were included. There was no significant difference between the EAMD and control eyes in terms of age, sex, axial length and mean ocular perfusion pressure (all p>0.05). Compared with control eyes, EAMD eyes had significantly larger EAA in SVC (median 0.125 vs 0.059 mm2, p=0.006), ICP (0.016 vs 0.000 mm2, p=0.004) and DCP (0.033 vs 0.000 mm2, p＜0.001).ConclusionPR-OCTA showed that EAMD is associated with focal avascular area in all the three retinal vascular plexuses.

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Impact of Welding Sequence on the CRDM Nozzle-to-Vessel Weld Stress Analysis

Flaw Evaluation, Service Experience, and Materials for Hydrogen Service ◽

10.1115/pvp2004-2556 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yaoshan Chen ◽

David Rudland ◽

Gery Wilkowski

Keyword(s):

Computing Time ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Welding Process ◽

Element Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Control Rod ◽

Moving Source ◽

Welding Sequence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Three Dimensional Finite Element

A three-dimensional finite element model is presented to simulate the welding process of the side-hill control-rod-drive-mechanism (CRDM) nozzle to the vessel head. Emphasis is given to how the weld is laid out in the analysis so that accurate residual stress results can be obtained while the required computing time is viable. In the order of complexity, three approaches are examined in this study: a) the simultaneous approach, i.e., the weld bead (therefore the heat associated with it) is put in the model in a uniform fashion; b) the piece-by-piece approach, i.e., the weld is laid out segment by segment; c) the moving-source approach where the analysis is done by simulating the moving heat source. It is found that there is a significant difference between the stress results by the uniform approach and the piece-by-piece approach. While the moving source method gives the closet representation of the welding process, the computing time for such a multi-pass, three-dimensional model is still prohibitive. The natural choice is therefore the piece-by-piece approach, with the number of segments for the weld dependent on the weld parameters and the geometries of the nozzle and vessel head.

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Hippocampal abnormalities and age in chronic schizophrenia: morphometric study across the adult lifespan

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.140384 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (5) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. Pujol ◽

R. Penadés ◽

C. Junqué ◽

I. Dinov ◽

C. H. Y. Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Automated Analysis ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Schizophrenia Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Volume Group ◽

Occupational Function

BackgroundHippocampal abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these abnormalities worsen with age, and whether they affect cognition and function.AimsTo determine whether hippocampal abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia are associated with age, cognition and socio-occupational function.MethodUsing 3 T magnetic resonance imaging we scanned 100 persons aged 19–82 years: 51 were out-patients with stable schizophrenia at least 2 years after diagnosis and 49 were healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. Automated analysis was used to determine hippocampal volume and shape.ResultsThere were differential effects of age in the schizophrenia and control samples on total hippocampal volume (group×age interaction: F(1,95) = 6.57, P = 0.012), with steeper age-related reduction in the schizophrenia group. Three-dimensional shape analysis located the age-related deformations predominantly in the mid-body of the hippocampus. In the schizophrenia group similar patterns of morphometric abnormalities were correlated with impaired cognition and poorer socio-occupational function.ConclusionsHippocampal abnormalities are associated with age in people with chronic schizophrenia, with a steeper decline than in healthy individuals. These abnormalities are associated with cognitive and functional deficits, suggesting that hippocampal morphometry may be a biomarker for cognitive decline in older patients with schizophrenia.

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Risk Factors of Avulsion Fracture after Iliac Crestal Flap for Jaw Reconstruction

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11178081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 8081

Author(s):

Ye-Joon Jo ◽

Jun-Seok Choi ◽

Jin-Ah Bang ◽

Jin Kim ◽

Seong-Yong Moon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Avulsion Fracture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Reference Points ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Fracture Group ◽

Jaw Reconstruction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age And Sex

The iliac crestal flap is often used in maxillofacial reconstruction surgery because it has a similar bone contour to jaw bone. However, complications occur frequently in this flap, and the avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) occurs only in rare cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors affecting fractures that may occur after iliac crestal flap harvesting. In this study, we performed preoperative and postoperative CT scans of the iliac bones of 22 patients who underwent iliac crestal flaps between February 2013 and July 2019. Three of these patients had fractures within 1 month after surgery. After converting DICOM files to a three-dimensional model using Mimics software, some reference points were defined for analysis. The patients were classified into fracture and non-fracture groups. The patients’ age and sex, harvested bone, residual bone and absolute bed rest (ABR) periods were investigated. The patients’ age and sex were not associated with fracture occurrence. There was a statistically significant difference in the width of the anterior–superior part of residual bone. The fracture group showed statistically significantly shorter ABR periods. In the case of the iliac crestal flap, it was found that the factors that can affect the occurrence of fractures are the width of the residual bone and the ABR period. Iliac avulsion fracture can be prevented when the remaining bone is sufficient and the ABR period is prolonged sufficiently.

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Student Learning about Biomolecular Self-Assembly Using Two Different External Representations

CBE—Life Sciences Education ◽

10.1187/cbe.13-01-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 471-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gunnar E. Höst ◽

Caroline Larsson ◽

Arthur Olson ◽

Lena A. E. Tibell

Keyword(s):

Student Learning ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

External Representations ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Written Responses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Model Condition ◽

The Impact

Self-assembly is the fundamental but counterintuitive principle that explains how ordered biomolecular complexes form spontaneously in the cell. This study investigated the impact of using two external representations of virus self-assembly, an interactive tangible three-dimensional model and a static two-dimensional image, on student learning about the process of self-assembly in a group exercise. A conceptual analysis of self-assembly into a set of facets was performed to support study design and analysis. Written responses were collected in a pretest/posttest experimental design with 32 Swedish university students. A quantitative analysis of close-ended items indicated that the students improved their scores between pretest and posttest, with no significant difference between the conditions (tangible model/image). A qualitative analysis of an open-ended item indicated students were unfamiliar with self-assembly prior to the study. Students in the tangible model condition used the facets of self-assembly in their open-ended posttest responses more frequently than students in the image condition. In particular, it appears that the dynamic properties of the tangible model may support student understanding of self-assembly in terms of the random and reversible nature of molecular interactions. A tentative difference was observed in response complexity, with more multifaceted responses in the tangible model condition.

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Environmental And Age-Related Deterioration Of Concrete Median Barriers

10.32920/ryerson.14657106 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kavitha. Madhu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Plain Concrete ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Age Related ◽

Time Period ◽

Transient Thermal ◽

Concrete Barrier

The purpose of this research was to understand the time-dependent environmental and age-related deterioration mechanisms in the un-reinforced concrete barrier walls used in Ontario. The study concentrated mainly on the response of plain concrete barrier walls to time-dependent thermal loads and associated volume changes. The research involved temperature data collection, experimental study and numerical analysis. The temperature data was collected on an hourly basis from the temperature sensors installed in a live plain concrete barrier wall. In the experimental study, concrete samples were exposed to varying temperature and environmental conditions and tested to monitor the deviation of significant concrete parameters like compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity etc. Based on the results from the experimental study and the temperature data collected from the sensors, a non-linear transient thermal and structural analysis was carried out on a three-dimensional model, developed using ANSYS program, for a time period of three years.

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Environmental And Age-Related Deterioration Of Concrete Median Barriers

10.32920/ryerson.14657106.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kavitha. Madhu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Plain Concrete ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Age Related ◽

Time Period ◽

Transient Thermal ◽

Concrete Barrier

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Jugular tubercle: morphometric analysis and surgical significance

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2006.105.5.753 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 753-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Apostolos Mintelis ◽

Tetsuro Sameshima ◽

Ketan R. Bulsara ◽

Linda Gray ◽

Allan H. Friedman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

3D Ct ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽

Mean Width ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Object Maximizing intradural exposure via the extreme lateral infrajugular transcondylar–transtubercular exposure (ELITE) approach depends on understanding the fundamental anatomy of the jugular tubercle (JT). Drilling the JT can maximize the extent of exposure achieved with the ELITE approach. Removing the JT is critical for optimizing access to the inferior and midclival areas, vertebrobasilar artery junction, and ventral pons and medulla. Methods In this cadaveric study, the individual structural variations in the JT were evaluated in 100 split occipital bones. The mean length of the JT was 1.65 ± 0.36 cm (range 1.2–3 cm); its mean width was 1.15 ± 0.16 cm (range 0.7–1.7 cm); and its mean thickness was 0.61 ± 0.15 cm (range 0.2–1 cm). The authors analyzed the difference in morphometric data with regard to right and left sides and found no statistically significant difference between the two sides. Furthermore, data from the morphometric study were compared with the results of 20 measurements obtained from three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans. Accordingly, the mean length of the JT was 1.35 ± 0.15 cm (range 1–2.8 cm); the mean width, 1.10 ± 0.12 cm (range 0.8–1.3 cm); and the mean thickness, 0.51 ± 0.18 cm (range 0.2–1 cm). Conclusions Morphometric data on the JT contribute significantly to the neurosurgeon’s task of skull base drilling. The 3D CT scans were useful in the preoperative planning.

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Digital analysis of tooth sizes among individuals with different malocclusions: A study using three-dimensional digital dental models

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211038186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 003685042110381

Author(s):

Beyza Karadede Ünal ◽

Deniz Dellaloğlu

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Ii ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Digital Models ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Digital Format ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Three Dimensional Measurement ◽

Anterior Ratio ◽

Overall Ratio

Objective: It is aimed to examine the tooth sizes of digital models of patients with different malocclusions with the help of three-dimensional measurement software. Methods: Digital models of 252 patients aged between 13 and 25 years of age were included. According to the Angle classification, three different malocclusion groups were allocated such that there were 84 patients in each group, plaster models of patients scanned with the three-dimensional model browser 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape A/S Copenhagen, Denmark) and transferred to the digital format. 3Shape Ortho Analyzer (3Shape A/S Copenhagen, Denmark) software was used for making the necessary tooth size measurements. Results: When the measurements were evaluated, it was determined that significant changes occurred between tooth sizes of individuals with different malocclusions. Generally, higher values were observed in mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions of class II individuals compared to other groups. There was no difference between the groups in the anterior ratio values, but when the overall ratio values were evaluated among the groups, a statistically significant difference was determined. Class II malocclusion group was found to have a significantly lower overall ratio of occurrence. Conclusion: Individuals with different malocclusions differ in tooth size.

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