scholarly journals Dexamethasone Suppressed LPS-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase and Its Effect on Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Cui ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Longxiang Su ◽  
Dawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta

The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism of sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability and the beneficial effect of glucocorticoid in protecting vascular endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a bolus intraperitoneal injection of a nonlethal dose of LPS (Escherichia coli055:B5, 10 mg/kg, Sigma) or vehicle (pyrogen-free water). Animals of treatment groups were also given either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, 30 min prior to LPS injection) or the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor doxycycline (4 mg/kg, 30 min after LPS injection). Both activities and protein levels of MMP-2p<0.001and MMP-9p<0.001were significantly upregulated in aortic homogenates from LPS-treated rats, associated with decreased ZO-1p<0.001and syndecan-1p=0.011protein contents. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline could significantly inhibit MMPs activity and reserve the expressions of ZO-1 and syndecan-1. The inhibition of MMPs by dexamethasone was significantly lower than that by doxycycline, while the rescue of syndecan-1 expression from LPS-induced endotoxemic rat thoracic aorta was significantly higher in the dexamethasone-treated compared to the doxycycline-treatedp=0.03. In conclusion, activation of MMPs plays important role in regulating ZO-1 and syndecan-1 protein levels in LPS mediated endothelial perturbation. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline inhibit activation of MMPs that may contribute to the rescue of ZO-1 and syndecan-1 expression.

Curcumin Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves the Impairments of Anesthetics on Learning and Memory by Regulating the Expression of miR-181a-5p

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guizhen Liu ◽  
Yuchuan Sun ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to explore the role of curcumin (Cur) in isoflurane (ISO)-induced learning and memory dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats and further elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect produced by Cur. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rat models of cognitive impairment were established by inhaling 3% ISO. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of rats. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression levels of miR-181a-5p, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cur significantly improved the ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and alleviated the ISO-induced neuroinflammation. miR-181a-5p was overexpressed in ISO-induced rats, while Cur treatment significantly reduced the expression of miR-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p promoted the cognitive impairment and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the neuroprotective effect of Cur. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cur has a protective effect on ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of miR-181a-5p.

Effect of sodium fluoride on concentrating and diluting ability in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. F335-F340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wallin ◽  
R. A. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hereditary Hypothalamic Diabetes Insipidus

Mechanisms for the concentrating defect produced by fluoride were examined in the rat. Free-water clearance at all levels of delivery was normal after 5 days of chronic fluoride administration in the hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus rat. In the Sprague-Dawley rats, during moderate fluoride administration (120 micronmol/kg per day), urine osmolality and cyclic AMP excretion decreased and urine volume increased, but after exogenous vasopressin, volume decreased and osmolality and cyclic AMP increased appropriately. During larger daily doses of fluoride (240 micronmol/kg per day) urinary osmolality and cyclic AMP decreased and volume increased, which was similar to the changes seen during lower fluoride dosages, but these parameters did not change after exogenous vasopressin. These data suggest that ascending limb chloride reabsorption is unaltered by fluoride administration; in the presence of sufficient fluoride, collecting tubular cells apparently do not generate cyclic AMP or increase permeability appropriately in response to vasopressin. The postulated defect is felt to be due to either a decrease in ATP availability or to a direct inhibitory effect of fluoride on the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP generating system.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concepcion C. Sison ◽  
Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban ◽  
Daisy Mae A. Bagaoisan ◽  
Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Quassia Amara

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP). Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation. Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.

Effects of prior adrenalectomy on postpneumonectomy lung growth in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. E70-E74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bennett ◽  
P. C. Colony ◽  
J. L. Addison ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Right

The effects of adrenalectomy, with and without subsequent glucocorticoid replacement therapy, on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in the rat were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were subjected to no operation (UNOP), left pneumonectomy (PNX), or PNX preceded by bilateral adrenalectomy 5 days earlier (ADX/PNX). At 14 days post-PNX, when compensatory lung growth is normally complete in 200-g rats, right lung (RL) dry weights of PNX (263 +/- 6 mg, n = 26) and ADX/PNX (334 +/- 13 mg, n = 25) rats were increased 58 and 101%, respectively, relative to UNOP controls (166 +/- 5 mg, n = 10). Increases in total DNA, RNA, and protein in the right lungs of PNX and ADX/PNX rats occurred in proportion to RL dry mass. The increase in all parameters examined in PNX and ADX/PNX rats at 7 days post-PNX was half that at 14 days, indicating linear lung growth in both treatment groups. The stimulatory effect of ADX on lung growth was blocked by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), administered intraperitoneally in daily doses of 5 mg/kg, beginning on the day of PNX. The RL dry weights of HCA-treated ADX/PNX rats (241 +/- 7 mg, n = 10) did not differ significantly from the corresponding value in PNX rats (270 +/- 14 mg, n = 7). The lower RL weights in the HCA-treated rats resulted from an inhibition of cell division, as evidenced by the total RL DNA content, which was similar to that in PNX animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Aversion to Desflurane and Isoflurane in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Frost ◽  
Maaria Shah ◽  
Vivian S.Y. Leung ◽  
Daniel S.J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are widely used for killing rats, yet may not truly achieve “euthanasia”, because they elicit aversion. The inhalant anesthetic desflurane is faster acting than isoflurane, representing a potential refinement. Using an aversion-avoidance paradigm, 24 rats were exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 12 per group) at initial exposure. Fourteen rats were then re-exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 7 per group), after a 7 days washout period. Initial exposure: time to recumbency was faster for desflurane than isoflurane (p = 0.0008, 95% CI [-12.9 to 32.6 s]), with 9/12 and 6/12 rats becoming recumbent, respectively. At initial exposure, there was no difference between groups in time to withdrawal (p = 0.714). At re-exposure, all rats withdrew and no rats became recumbent. Time to withdrawal at re-exposure did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.083). Compared to initial exposure, time to withdrawal during re-exposure was similar for isoflurane (p = 0.228) and faster with desflurane (p = 0.012, 95% CI [19.1 to 49.5 s]). Isoflurane and desflurane are similarly aversive, with aversion increasing at re-exposure. The shorter time from exposure to recumbency with desflurane indicates that any distress is of a shorter duration when compared with isoflurane.

Both peripheral chylomicron catabolism and hepatic uptake of remnants are defective in nephrosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. F335-F341
Author(s):  
G. A. Kaysen ◽  
L. Mehendru ◽  
X. M. Pan ◽  
I. Staprans
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Heymann Nephritis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

We showed previously that proteinuria caused delayed chylomicron (CM) clearance in the rat and postulated the existence of a primary defect in CM hydrolysis. It was possible that reduced CM clearance resulted from increased lipogenesis causing saturation of catabolic sites and not from a primary defect in CM catabolism. To clarify this point we measured kinetically the absolute rate of triglyceride (TG) uptake from CM in rats with Heymann nephritis (HN) and normal Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) and determined TG uptake in individual tissues using [3H]TG- and [14C]cholesterol-labeled CM. Hepatic [14C]cholesterol uptake was reduced in HN (69.3 +/- 6 vs. 7.2 +/- 2% of dose, P less than 0.001). TG uptake was reduced in HN measured kinetically (1.01 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.213 +/- 0.028 mg TG.min-1.100 g body wt-1, P less than 0.001) and reduced in all tissues (heart, skeletal muscle, fat, and liver). CM are catabolized on the vascular endothelium to atherogenic, cholesterol-rich remnant (CM remnant) particles, which are then rapidly taken up by the liver. We measured hepatic CM remnant uptake in SD and in HN using [14C]cholesterol-labeled CM remnant. CM remnant uptake was significantly reduced in HN (58 +/- 1.2 vs. 20 +/- 0.86% uptake, P less than 0.01). CM remnants were increased significantly in plasma of HN. Thus the nephrotic syndrome causes a primary defect in the uptake of TG from CM that is expressed in all tissues and a separate defect in hepatic CM remnant uptake. Although CM remnant generation is impaired because of defective CM hydrolysis, the defect in hepatic CM remnant uptake is so severe that these particles accumulate in blood, posing a potential risk for atherogenesis.

Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Shemamruthaa, a Herbal Preparation, in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene-Induced Breast Cancer Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyakkannu Purushothaman ◽  
Elumalai Nandhakumar ◽  
Palanivelu Shanthi ◽  
Thiruvaiyaru Panchanatham Sachidanandam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Herbal Preparation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apoptotic Effects ◽  
Proliferating Cell

A herbal preparation, Shemamruthaa (SM), was formulated to investigate the molecular mechanism by which it exhibits anticancer effects in mammary carcinoma bearing rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study, and mammary carcinoma was induced by administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz( a)anthracene, intragastrically. After 3 months of induction period, the rats were treated with SM (400 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. Our study shows that SM-treated mammary carcinoma rats showed regression in tumor volume with concomitant increase in p53, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 mRNA and protein levels compared with mammary carcinoma–induced rats. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were markedly increased in mammary carcinoma–induced rats, whereas the SM treatment significantly decreased the expression of these proteins. The expression pattern of apoptotic signaling molecules analyzed in the present study signifies the therapeutic efficacy of SM against breast cancer.

Role of distal delivery of filtrate in impaired renal dilution of the hypothyroid rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
UF Michael ◽  
J Kelley ◽  
H Alpert ◽  
CA Vaamonde
Keyword(s):  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diluting Segment ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distal Delivery

Free water clearance (CH2O) was measured during hypotonic saline infusion in Sprague-Dawley and in Brattleboro (DI) rats with 131I-induced hypothyroidism and their age-matched controls. At peak urine flow, which was similar in hypothyroid DI (HDI) and control DI (CDI) rats, inulin clearance (CIn/kg) and CH2O/kg were 23 and 20% (P less than 0.02) lower in HDI. Fractional urine flow and fractional sodium excretion were 30 and 40% (P less than 0.001) higher in HDI. Utilization of distal delivery of filtrate for CH2O, formation was 16% less in HDI (P less than 0.01). Papillary osmolality was not higher in HDI rats. Data in Sprague-Dawley rats were similar to those of the DI rats, indicating that endogenous ADH was effectively suppressed. It is concluded: 1) delivery of filtrate out of the proximal tubule was not diminished in hypothyroid rats in spite of a decrease in CIn; 2) despite a similar delivery of filtrate to the distal diluting site, CH2O formation was less in hypothyroid rats than in controls; 3) these data suggest that a defect in the diluting segment could be unmasked at high rates of filtrate delivered to the distal nephron; 4) this defect could be either due to impaired sodium chloride reabsorption or due to increased backdiffusion of water in the distal nephron.

Hindlimb unweighting alters endothelium-dependent vasodilation and ecNOS expression in soleus arterioles

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Schrage ◽  
Christopher R. Woodman ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that endothelium-dependent dilation is impaired in soleus resistance arteries from hindlimb-unweighted (HLU) rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300–350 g) were exposed to HLU ( n = 14) or weight-bearing control (Con, n = 14) conditions for 14 days. After the 14-day treatment period, soleus first-order (1A) arterioles were isolated and cannulated with micropipettes to assess vasodilator responses to an endothelium-dependent dilator, ACh (10−9–10−4 M), and an endothelium-independent dilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10−9–10−4 M). Arterioles from HLU rats were smaller than Con arterioles (maximal passive diameter = 140 ± 4 and 121 ± 4 μm in Con and HLU, respectively) but developed similar spontaneous myogenic tone (43 ± 3 and 45 ± 3% in Con and HLU, respectively). Arteries from Con and HLU rats dilated in response to increasing doses of ACh, but dilation was impaired in arterioles from HLU rats ( P = 0.03), as was maximal dilation to ACh (85 ± 4 and 65 ± 4% possible dilation in Con and HLU, respectively). Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) with N ω-nitro-l-arginine (300 μM) reduced ACh dilation by ∼40% in arterioles from Con rats and eliminated dilation in arterioles from HLU rats. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (50 μM) did not significantly alter dilation to ACh in either group. Treatment with N ω-nitro-l-arginine + indomethacin eliminated all ACh dilation in Con and HLU rats. Dilation to sodium nitroprusside was not different between groups ( P = 0.98). To determine whether HLU decreased expression of endothelial cell NOS (ecNOS), mRNA and protein levels were measured in single arterioles with RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. The ecNOS mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in arterioles from HLU rats than in Con arterioles (20 and 65%, respectively). Collectively, these data indicate that HLU impairs ACh dilation in soleus 1A arterioles, in part because of alterations in the NO pathway.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive Properties and Toxicity of Kelulut Honey inSprague DawleyRats Induced with Azoxymethane

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifah Saiful Yazan ◽  
Muhamad Firdaus Shyfiq Muhamad Zali ◽  
Razana Mohd Ali ◽  
Nurul Amira Zainal ◽  
Nurulaidah Esa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Aberrant Crypts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Colon cancer has been a major problem worldwide. Kelulut honey (KH) is produced by the stingless bees fromTrigonaspecies and has strong antioxidant activities that could be one of the potential chemopreventive agents from natural resources.Aim of This Study. This study investigated the chemopreventive properties and toxicity of KH in Sprague Dawley rats induced with azoxymethane (AOM).Material and Method. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5 weeks were divided into 4 groups: (G1) untreated group not induced with AOM, (G2) untreated group induced with AOM, (G3) treated group induced with AOM, and (G4) treated group not induced with AOM. Injection of AOM (15 mg/kg) was via intraperitoneal route once a week for two subsequent weeks. The treatment groups were given oral administration of KH (1183 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 8 weeks.Results. Treatment with KH significantly reduced the total number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (AC) and crypt multiplicity. KH was not toxic to the animals since the level of blood profile parameters, liver enzymes, and kidney functions was in normal range.Conclusions. The current finding shows that KH has chemopreventive properties in rats induced with colorectal cancer and also was found not toxic towards the animals.

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