scholarly journals Angle at the Medial Border: The Spinovertebra Angle and Its Significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Oladipo ◽  
E. O. Aigbogun ◽  
G. L. Akani
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Levator Scapulae ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anthropometric Study

Background. The evolution from quadrupedalism to bipedalism has adjusted the balance of the upper limb to extensive movement at the shoulder. The scapular angles provide the point of attachment and control to various muscles and have been associated with the different movements of the shoulder girdle and joint. This has made the morphometric and anthropometric study of scapula a subject of extensive investigation. Aim. In the present study, the angle at the medial border was measured in the South-Southern Nigerian population and an anatomical name was ascribed to the angle. Method. The study was conducted on 173 scapulae (75 right and 98 left) obtained from various Anatomy Department of South-Sothern Nigerian Universities. The angle at medial border was obtained by pinning the edge of the superior and inferior angles, the lined traced out, and the angle measured using a protractor. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. t-test was used to determine mean angular difference in the sides. Result. The mean ± SD of the medial angle was observed to be 136.88 ± 7.70° (R = 138.13 ± 7.06° : L = 135.92 ± 8.05°). Statistical analysis using the Z-test for mean difference showed the medial angle was found to be higher in the right side of the scapula (mean difference of 2.214 ± 1.152°), but the observed difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The above findings have adjusted the scapula from three to four angles (lateral, superior, inferior, and medial) formed from four borders (lateral, superior, inferior, and superomedial and inferomedial). The medial angle because of its anatomical location was named “spinovertebral” angle, owing to its position at the scapulae spine, and located in medial proximity to the vertebra column. Conclusion. The medial angle (now referred to as the spinovertebral angle) of the right side of the scapula is wider than the left. The representation of the spinovertebral angle is very important, as the directional attachment of the levator scapulae may be altered if it increases or decreases greatly hence resulting in stiffness of the neck. At this point, it could be postulated that the scapular is quadrangular rather than triangular.

scholarly journals Effect of Hope-oriented group counseling on mental health of infertile women with failed IVF cycles: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Rahimi ◽  
Shirin Hasanpour ◽  
Mojgan. Mirghafourvand ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Considering the prevalence of infertility in the community and the consequences of failure of infertility treatments on women’s mental health, interventions that can control stress, anxiety and depression in infertile women with a history of IVF failure will be very helpful. This study aimed to determine the effects of hope-oriented group counseling on mental health (primary outcome) and quality of life (QoL) (secondary outcome) of women with failed IVF cycles. Method This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with failed IVF cycles visiting Infertility Clinic at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital of Tabriz- Iran. Participants were allocated to the intervention group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) based on a randomized block design. Hope-oriented group counseling was provided to the intervention group in six 45–60 min sessions (once a week). The control group only received routine care to undergo another IVF cycle. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the SF-12 Quality of Life Scale were filled out by interviewing the participants before the intervention and one week and one month after the intervention. After intervention 26 participants in each group were included in the analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the socio-demographic profile of participants (P > 0.05). The post-intervention mean score of stress (adjusted mean difference = − 1.7, 95% confidence interval: − 3.2 to − 0.3, P = 0.018) and depression (adjusted mean difference = − 1.3, 95% confidence interval: − 4.7 to − 1.5, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control. Although the mean anxiety score was lower in the intervention group compared to the control, the difference between them was not statistically significant (adjusted mean difference = − 1.1, 95% confidence interval: − 2.6 to 0.4, P = 0.153). The mean score of QoL was significantly higher in the intervention group than that of the control group (adjusted mean difference = 6.9, 95% confidence interval: 5.1 to 8.8, P < 0.001). Conclusion Hope-oriented group counseling was effective in reducing stress and depression and improving QoL in women with failed IVF cycles. It is recommended to use this counseling approach, along with other methods, to improve the mental health of women with failed IVF cycles. Trial registration TCT Registration Number: TCTR 20191017003, registered on October 17, 2019.

Anatomical location of T2–3 sympathetic trunk and Kuntz nerve determined by transthoracic endoscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeou-Chih Wang ◽  
Ming-Hsi Sun ◽  
Chi-Wen Lin ◽  
Yen-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Rib Head ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Bilateral subaxillary transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) is a popular procedure of upper thoracic sympathectomy. The anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, as viewed under the endoscope, are varied in the rib head areas. In this study, the authors investigated the more visible anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, the so-called nerves of Kuntz, and intercostal rami by performing transthoracic endoscopy. Methods. Seventy patients with palmar hyperhidrosis undergoing bilateral TES (140 sides) via the anterior subaxillary approach were included in this study. The operative findings and video images of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks and ganglia were recorded and analyzed. The anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks along the horizontal axes of the rib heads were determined using a three-region system constructed by the authors. The area between the rib neck and the medial border of the rib head was equally divided into Region E (external half) and Region M (medial half). The area between the medial border of the rib head and the paravertebral ligament was defined as Region I. The incidence of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks found in Regions E, M, and I were 31.4 to 42.9%, 50 to 57.1%, and 7.1 to 11.4%, respectively, on the left side, and 24.3 to 34.3%, 57.1 to 65.7%, and 8.6 to 10%, respectively, on the right side. One right (1.4%) and six left (8.6%) Kuntz nerves originating from the T-3 sympathetic trunk were found in seven patients (10%). The intercostal ramus was found around the T-2 rib neck in 24 patients (34.3%), with 18 cases (25.7%) for each side. The intercostal ramus around the T-3 rib neck was found in 17 patients (24.3%): 12 (17.1%) on the right and nine (12.9%) on the left. Conclusions. These results indicate that approximately 90% of the T-2 or T-3 sympathetic trunks are located on the rib head. These findings may also be used to assist the surgeon in fluoroscopic guidance for locating the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks during posterior percutaneous sympathectomy.

Location of the middle cranial fossa dural plate in patients with chronic otitis media

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Genc ◽  
M G Genc ◽  
I B Arslan ◽  
A Selcuk
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

AbstractAim:This study aimed to determine whether or not the middle cranial fossa dural plate is located lower (i.e. more caudally) in patients with chronic otitis media, relative to adjacent structures.Methods:The authors retrospectively investigated computed tomography temporal bone scans of 267 ears of 206 patients who had undergone surgery with a diagnosis of chronic otitis media, together with scans of 222 ears of 111 patients without chronic otitis media. The depth of the middle cranial fossa dural plates was recorded.Results:The mean depth of the middle cranial fossa dural plate was 4.59 mm in the study group and 2.71 mm in the control group (p < 0.001). The middle cranial fossa dural plate was located lower in the right ear in both the study and control groups.Conclusion:The middle cranial fossa dural plate was located lower in patients with chronic otitis media, and in the right ears of both patients and controls. Surgeons should take this low location into consideration, and take extra care, during relevant surgery on patients with chronic otitis media.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Efficacy of Virtual Dissector Technology Implementation In Undergraduate Anatomy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Persinger ◽  
Stacey Dunham ◽  
Polly Husmann
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Learning Modalities ◽  
Traditional Teaching Methods ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background and Hypothesis: At the graduate and professional level, computer-aided instruction demonstrated a positive impact on knowledge gains when supplementing traditional teaching methods (Wilson et al). The present research sought to determine the efficacy of supplementing traditional pedagogical methods in an undergraduate anatomy lab with VH Dissector Software (VHD) on a large touchscreen terminal. Experimental Design or Project Methods: Throughout Basic Human Anatomy (ANAT-A215), students took a pre-quiz before covering a topic followed by a post-quiz in the next class. Using VHD was the intervention, while using the traditional lab manual, models, and two prosected cadavers was the control. The mean difference between pre-test and post-test scores was calculated. Independent Samples T Tests compared the mean difference between intervention and control groups. Post-course surveys were obtained. Calculations were made of frequencies for each question and Spearman Rho correlations between questions. Results: There was significant improvement in scores with the intervention (versus control) in the Spring 2019 semester (Meanintervention = 1.13, Meancontrol = 0.92, P <0.01). In the post-course survey, 54.1% of students indicated that they would not recommend using VHD in future semesters. Among these students, 50.1% stated they did not find VHD beneficial, 34% stated VHD helped to rotate structures, and 23.4% stated VHD was a change of pace from other lab responsibilities. Among the students that recommend using VHD, 64.8% stated VHD helped to rotate structures, 51.4% stated VHD provided context for what they saw on models, and 48.9% stated that VHD was a change of pace from other lab responsibilities. A significant correlation was found between enjoying use of the VHD and perception of learning using VHD (r = 0.794, P <0.01) Conclusion and Potential Impact: These results indicate a benefit to supplementing traditional anatomy learning modalities with dissection software at the undergraduate level. Yet, while students recognize a benefit, they often recommended not using the tech in future semesters.

Forces on the Tail Surface of Swimming Fish: Thrust, Drag and Acceleration in Bluefish (Pomatomus Saltatrix)

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR B. DUBOIS ◽  
CHRISTOPHER S. OGILVY
Keyword(s):  
Forward Direction ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Average ◽  
The Right

1. Pressures on the right and left sides of the tails of swimming bluefish were measured and found to have a range of +5.9 to - 5.9 cm H2O. The pressures were resolved into their forward and lateral vectorial components of force to allow calculation of forward and lateral force and power at speeds ranging from 0.26 to 0.87 m/s. 2. The peak to peak changes in force of acceleration of the body, measured with a forward accelerometer averaged 209 g or 2.05 N at 0.48 m/s, and were compared with the maximum to minimum excursions of forward tail force averaging 201 g or 1.97 N at the same speed. The mean difference was 8 g, s.d. of the mean difference ± 29, s.e. of mean difference ± 10 g. 3. Mean tail thrust was calculated as the time average of tail force in the forward direction. It averaged 65 g, or 0.64 N, at 0.48 m/s. The mean forward power was 0.34 N m/s at 0.48 m/s. The drag of the gauges and wires accounted for 10% of this figure. 4. The mean lateral power of the tail was 1.28 N m/s at a mean speed of 0.48 m/s. 5. The propulsive efficiency of the tail, calculated as the ratio of forward power to forward plus lateral power, was found to be 0.20 s.d. ±0.04, s.e. ±0.01 and was not related to speed. This suggests that 80% of the mechanical power of the tail was wasted. Turbulence in the water may have contributed to this large drag and low tail efficiency.

scholarly journals CT Angiography Analysis of Axillary Artery Diameter versus Common Femoral Artery Diameter: Implications for Axillary Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Hostile Aortoiliac Segment and Advanced Lung Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Tayal ◽  
Humayun Iftikhar ◽  
Benjamin LeSar ◽  
Rahul Patel ◽  
Naveen Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Left Axillary Artery ◽  
Comparable Size

Objective.The use of the axillary artery as an access site has lost favor in percutaneous intervention due to the success of these procedures from a radial or brachial alternative. However, these distal access points are unable to safely accommodate anything larger than a 7-French sheath. To date no studies exist describing the size of the axillary artery in relation to the common femoral artery in a patient population. We hypothesized that the axillary artery is of comparable size to the CFA in most patients and less frequently diseased.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed 110 CT scans of the thoracic and abdominal aorta done at our institution to rule out aortic dissection in which the right axillary artery, right CFA, left axillary artery, and left CFA were visualized. Images were then reconstructed using commercially available TeraRecon software and comparative measurements made of the axillary and femoral arteries.Results.In 96 patients with complete data, the mean sizes of the right and left axillary artery were slightly smaller than the left and right CFA. A direct comparison of the sizes of the axillary artery and CFA in the same patient yielded a mean difference of 1.69 mm ± 1.74. In all patients combined, the mean difference between the axillary artery and CFA was 1.88 mm on the right and 1.68 mm on the left. In 19 patients (19.8%), the axillary artery was of the same caliber as the associated CFA. In 8 of 96 patients (8.3%), the axillary artery was larger compared to the CFA.Conclusions.Although typically smaller, the axillary artery is often of comparable size to the CFA, significantly less frequently calcified or diseased, and in almost all observed cases large enough to accommodate a sheath with up to 18 French.

scholarly journals Clinical and Radiological Findings in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yakup Cevik ◽  
Hande Taylan Sekeroglu ◽  
Burce Ozgen ◽  
Kadriye Erkan Turan ◽  
Ali Sefik Sanac
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Superior Oblique

Background. Graves’ ophthalmopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical ophthalmological and MRI findings in newly diagnosed Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Methods. This study included 36 newly diagnosed Graves’ disease patients and 23 control participants. Patients and control participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination. In addition, all subjects underwent orbital MRI examination; and sizes, cross-sectional areas, and signal intensities of extraocular muscles were also measured. Results. Based on MRI measurements, the mean exophthalmos in the left eye was significantly higher in the patient group when compared to those of controls (2.04 ± 0.29 vs. 1.85 ± 0.15 cm, p  = 0.003). The mean long diameter of inferior oblique muscle in both the right and left eyes were significantly shorter in patients when compared to those of controls ( p  = 0.001, p  = 0.002, resp.); however, the mean long diameter of superior oblique in the left eye was longer in patients than those of controls ( p  = 0.001). Patients had significantly higher superior oblique muscle signal intensity than those of controls in the right eye ( p  = 0.01). There was no significant difference for the other parameters between the patient and control groups. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that there is no obvious change in MRI examination despite clinical ophthalmological findings in patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Unnecessary MRI examination should be avoided in this patient group due to unsatisfactory cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Changes in Hoof Shape During a Seven-Week Period When Horses Were Shod Versus Barefoot

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Sara R. Malone ◽  
Helen M. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

This crossover study tested the hypothesis that hoof shape would differ after a seven-week period of horses (n = 11) wearing shoes versus barefoot. An ANOVA appropriate to a crossover design was used to assess the differences in the change in hoof shape over the seven-week period and significance was set at p < 0.05. Results are displayed as the mean difference for horses when shod versus barefoot ± the SEM for the left (L) and right (R) front hooves. Proximal hoof circumference (PHC) decreased when horses were shod and barefoot, but this decrease was greater when horses were shod (L −0.65 ± 0.16 cm; p = 0.0026; R −0.78 ± 0.13 cm; p = 0.0002). Hoof angle increased slightly when horses were barefoot and decreased when they were shod (L −1.70 ± 0.31°; p = 0.0004; R −1.84 ± 0.54°; p = 0.0079). Sole length decreased more when horses were barefoot, but this was only significant for the right fore (R 5.07 ± 1.06 mm; p = 0.0010). Solar circumference increased when horses were barefoot but decreased when shod (L −1.19 ± 0.41 cm; p = 0.0182; R −1.50 ± 0.31 cm; p = 0.0010). This is the first study to show a significantly lower PHC when horses were shod compared to barefoot. The study suggests that shod horses may benefit from a shorter shoeing interval to help mitigate the changes in hoof angle.

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal appearing corticospinal tracts in patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kadihan Yalçın-Şafak ◽  
Ahmet Akça ◽  
Özlem Elibol ◽  
İrem Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corticospinal Tracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Aim To determine if there are differences in ADC values between normal appearing corticospinal tracks in patients with MS compared to ADC values in controls. Material and methods The study population comprised 62 consecutive MS patients (36 women and 26 men; mean age 36.45±8.63 years). 50 control subjects with no neurological disabilities or intracranial were included the study (32 women and 18 men; mean age 40.18±12.25 years). All ADC maps were independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists. ROI of approximately 15–18 mm2 in capsula interna and 10–12 mm2 in mesencephalon were placed bilaterally for measurement of ADC values. Three circular ROIs were placed-one each side for internal capsule-and 6 total ROIs from right and left internal capsule were averaged for each patient. Mesencephelon ADC measurements were performed similarly. Result The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (p:0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between the MS patients and control group mean ADC values of the right internal capsule (p>0.05). The mean ADC values of the right and left mesencephalon in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (respectively; p:0.031, p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule were significiantly lower than the right internal capsule in MS patients (p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left mesencephalon were significiantly lower than the right mesencephalon in MS patients (p<0.001). Conclusion The mean ADC values of the normal-appearing corticospinal tract in MS patients were significantly lower than the control group except for the right internal capsule.

scholarly journals Repeatability and comparability of simulated K values between a grid projection-based device and a Placido/dual Scheimpflug device

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
Julian Matius Tagal
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and comparability of simulated K values obtained by the Galilei G4 Corneal Tomographer and the iDesign Wavefront Abberometer. Methods: The right eyes of 100 consecutive pre-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients were included in this study. Patients with a history or signs of previous corneal or ocular trauma and infection were excluded. Paired corneal measurements for flat (K1) and steep (K2) meridians were obtained with both the Galilei and the iDesign. Repeatability was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) of the paired measurements. The comparability between platforms was evaluated by calculation of the mean differences followed by the construction of Bland-Altman plots and calculation of limits of agreement (LOA). Results: While the mean CV for both devices was low (0.17% versus 0.57% for the Galilei and iDesign, respectively), a large proportion of eyes measured by the iDesign (22%) showed an absolute difference of > 0.5 D between paired readings, compared to 1% as measured by the Galilei. The Galilei consistently measured higher than the iDesign. Although the mean difference did not exceed 0.17 D, the LOAs were unacceptablywide at -0.52 D to 0.85 D and -0.69 D to 0.89 D for K1 and K2, respectively. Conclusion: As regards keratometry, the iDesign demonstrated clinically unacceptable repeatability. Both platforms demonstrated sufficiently wide LOA that we could not recommend that they are used interchangeably.

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