scholarly journals Onychomycosis: Potential of Nail Lacquers in Transungual Delivery of Antifungals

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Akhtar ◽  
Hemlata Sharma ◽  
Kamla Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
Transungual Delivery ◽  
Toe Nails

Onychomycosis constitutes the most common fungal infection of the nail (skin beneath the nail bed) that affects the finger as well as toe nails. It is an infection that is initiated by yeasts, dermatophytes, and nondermatophyte molds. Nail lacquers are topical solutions intended only for use on fingernails as well as toenails and have been found to be useful in the treatment of onychomycosis. Thus, in the present review an attempt has been made to focus on the treatment aspects of onychomycosis and the ungual delivery of antifungals via nail lacquer. Several patents issued on nail lacquer till date have also been discussed. Penetration efficiency was assessed by several researchers across the human nail plate to investigate the potentiality of nail lacquer based formulations. Various clinical trials have also been conducted in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nail lacquers in delivering antifungal agents. Thus, it can be concluded that nail lacquer based preparations are efficacious and stable formulations. These possess tremendous potential for clinical topical application to the nail bed in the treatment of onychomycosis.

Novel Polypseudorotaxanes Hydrogel based Nail Lacquer of Efinaconazole for Transungual Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Aggarwal ◽  
Monika Targhotra ◽  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
P. K. Sahoo ◽  
Meenakshi K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Penetration Enhancer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
Transungual Delivery

Aim: Due to the various drawbacks associated with current treatment therapy of onychomycosis, the main aim was to develop thermosensitive hydrogels and thermosensitive polypseudorotaxanes hydrogels-based nail lacquer for transungual delivery of Efinaconazole for management of onychomycosis. The objective is to enhance the permeation and retention of the drug in the nails and improve patient compliance. Method: Poloxamer 407 and Hydroxy Propyl -β- cyclodextrin was used to prepare the nail lacquers. 2-mercaptoethanol was added as a penetration enhancer to improve the penetration of the drug across the nail plate. The formulations were optimized by varying the concentration of poloxamer and water:ethanol ratio and evaluated based on basis of drying time, sol-gel transition temperature, ex vivo drug release and viscosity. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for pH, water resistance, non-volatile content, drug content, blush test, spreadability, and stability studies. Results: The increase in ethanol concentration, reduction in poloxamer proportion lead to reduction in lacquer stickiness thus, improving the lacquer drying time and penetration. The polypseudorotaxanes improved the permeation profile of the drug in comparison to the marketed nail lacquer. The presence of 2-mercaptoethanol also contributed in transungual delivery of Efinaconazole. Conclusion:: The polypseudorotaxanes based nail lacquer with the incorporation of penetration enhancer was able to achieve a high rate of drug penetration and retention, thus supporting the potential use of aqueous based-nail lacquer in transungual drug delivery for the onychomycosis treatment.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide-Releasing Macromolecule Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity and Utility as a Topical Treatment for Superficial Fungal Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Stasko ◽  
Kimberly McHale ◽  
Stanley J. Hollenbach ◽  
Megan Martin ◽  
Ryan Doxey
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing

ABSTRACTCutaneous and superficial fungal infections affecting the skin, nails, and hair of humans are caused primarily by dermatophytes of the generaTrichophytonandEpidermophytonor by yeasts of the generaCandidaandMalassezia.Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail that frequently coexists with tinea pedis, the most prevalent mycotic skin infection. Efficacy rates for current topical onychomycosis therapies are hampered by low drug penetration across the nail plate, which is theoretically obviated with nitric oxide (NO)-based topical therapies. The Nitricil technology platform is comprised of polysiloxane-based macromolecules that stably release therapeutic levels of NO. In the reported studies, NVN1000, the lead candidate of the platform, was assessed for its spectrum ofin vitroactivity against a broad range of filamentous fungi and yeast species commonly associated with cutaneous fungal infections. Time-kill assays demonstrated that NVN1000 exhibited fungicidal activity as early as 4 h. Additionally, the penetration of several unique NVN1000 NO-releasing drug product formulations (gel, cream, and lacquer) was evaluated following a single topical application in anin vitroinfected human nail assay, with all formulations showing similar inhibition of fungal growth. Repeated topical application in this model demonstrated that a lower-strength dose of NO could achieve the same efficacy as a higher-strength dose after 7 days. Together, thesein vitroresults demonstrate that NO-releasing treatments rapidly penetrate the nail plate and eradicate the fungal infection, representing promising novel topical therapies for the treatment of onychomycosis and other cutaneous fungal infections.

Study and Development of an Anthroposophical Formula Based on Phosphorus and Formica rufa for Onychomycosis´s Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Sônia Maria de Figueiredo ◽  
Emanoelle Fernandes Rutren La Santrer ◽  
Claudia Barbosa Assunção ◽  
Amanda Gabrielle Soares de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Formica Rufa ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail plate or nail bed that leads to the gradual destruction of the nail. The main difficulties in the treatment of onychomycosis refer to the duration of treatments and their side effects. Thus, it becomes relevant to look for new therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of such common diseases that are efficient without causing the undesirable side effects on the patient's body. In this way, the objective of this study was to develop an anthroposophical formula for the treatment of onychomycosis, based on Phosphorus and Formica rufa, from an extensive bibliographic survey on the functions of these components, evaluating within the principles of Anthroposophy. Considering the set of knowledge and practices on the use of these components, it was possible to arrive at a proposal therapy that can be effective for the treatment of onychomycosis. After an extensive review of several existing patents, it was observed that formulations containing Phosphorus and Formica rufa together have not been described in other studies. Subsequently, our research group published a patent of the anthroposophical formula using these two components, with the number BR1020180750755, which will be efficient to help the recovery of nails, and facilitate normal growth.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Acitretin in the Treatment of Nail Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Żuber ◽  
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Nail Psoriasis ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Tendon Thickness ◽  
Retinoid Treatment

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of retinoid treatment on the morphological changes in the nail apparatus in patients with nail psoriasis. Material and methods: 41 patients aged 32 to 64 with nail psoriasis, without clinical signs of psoriatic arthritis, started on acitretin 0.6 to 0.8 mg kg b.w./d, for six months and 28 people in the control group were included in the study. Both groups had ultrasound examination of fingernails and digital extensor tendon in the distal interphalangeal joints. In psoriatic patients, US examination was conducted before starting the treatment and after six months. A total of 685 nails were examined. Results: After six months of treatment, there was a reduction in the thickness of the nail bed and nail matrix (p = 0.046 and p = 0.031, respectively). The thickness of the nail plates decreased, although it was statistically insignificant (p = 0.059) and it was higher than in the control group (p = 0.034). The reduced severity of clinical nail changes after six months of retinoid treatment did not correlate with the reduction in extensor tendon thickness in any group of patients. Conclusions: In patients with nail psoriasis, acitretin treatment resulted in a rapid decrease in the thickness of the nail bed and matrix, but it did not affect the thickness of the nail plate after six months. There was no effect of acitretin on the digital extensor tendon thickness or the increased blood supply to the tendon area. The results of the study may indicate the usefulness of ultrasound nail examinations in patients with nail psoriasis not only to assess the advancement of morphological changes and response to treatment, but also to choose the potential treatment.

scholarly journals “Nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid”: their various methods of formulations, clinical and therapeutic applications, present gap, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeel Rehman Charan ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto ◽  
Mihr Ali Bhutto ◽  
Azhar Ali Tunio ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza Khuhro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Neural Disorders

Abstract Background Nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid have gained a lot of attention for potential therapeutic applications of curcumin and hyaluronic acid with or without other additional drugs. Overall studies of curcumin and hyaluronic acid show that nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid accelerate the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various disorders like arthritis, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, neural disorders, wound healing, and skin regeneration, it is largely due to the combined effect of hyaluronic acid and curcumin. However, due to limited clinical trials and experiments on humans and animals, there is a substantial gap in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid in the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders. Main body of the abstract In this current review, we have first described various reported synthetic nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid, then in the next section, we have described various fields, disorders, and diseases where these are being applied and in the final section of this review, we discussed the research gap, and future research directions needed to propose the fabricated nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials. Short conclusion There are substantial gaps in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid due to limited available data of clinical trials and experiments of nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials on humans and animals. So, it entirely requires serious and committed efforts through the well-organized system of practical and clinical trials which provide results, data, and detections that lead to the formulation of the best drug from curcumin with hyaluronic acid for the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders.

Safety and Efficacy of Bilateral Topical Application of Rocuronium Bromide for Mydriasis in European Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barsotti ◽  
Angela Briganti ◽  
Johanna R. Spratte ◽  
Renato Ceccherelli ◽  
Gloria Breghi
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Falco Tinnunculus ◽  
Rocuronium Bromide ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

A double-blind comparative study of Trimethoprim-Polymyxin B versus Trimethoprim-Sulfacetamide-Polymyxin B otic solutions in the treatment of otorrhea

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice C. Gydé
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Recurrent Otitis Media

AbstractThis was a double-blind randomized study to compare the safety and efficacy of timethoprim-polymyxin B (TP) and trimethoprim-sulfacetamide-polymyxin B (TSP) drops in the treatment of otorrhea. The 68 cases treated suffered from external otitis, recurrent otitis, recurrent otitis media with tympanic membrance perforation, or infected mastoid cavities and post-operative tympanoplasties. The TP ototopical solution was successful in 60·6 per cent of cases compared to 88·6 per cent of cases with TSP. These rates were statistically different using the Chi Square with Yates' correction method.There were no sings of ototoxicity, fungal infection overgrowth or local sensitivity to either of the solutions.The study has shown that both drugs are equally safe and that TSP is significantly more effective in the treatment of otorrhea.

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