scholarly journals Bioenergy and Breast Cancer: A Report on Tumor Growth and Metastasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Running ◽  
Mark Greenwood ◽  
Laura Hildreth ◽  
Jade Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Healing Touch ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cell Injection ◽  
Cancer Tumor

As many as 80% of the 296,000 women and 2,240 men diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States will seek out complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. One such therapy is Healing Touch (HT), recognized by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) as a treatment modality. Using a multiple experimental groups design, fifty-six six- to eight-week-old Balb/c mice were injected with 4T1 breast cancer tumor cells and randomly divided into intervention and positive control groups. Five days after tumor cell injection, mice in the intervention groups received HT either daily or every other day for 10 minutes by one HT practitioner. At 15 days after tumor cell injection, tumor size was measured, and metastasis was evaluated by a medical pathologist after necropsy. Tumor size did not differ significantly among the groups (F(3,52)=0.75,pvalue = 0.53). The presence of metastasis did not differ across groups (chi-square(3) = 3.902,p=0.272) or when compared within an organ (liver: chi-square(3) = 2.507,p=0.474; lungs: chi-square(3) = 3.804,p=0.283; spleen: chi-square(3) = 0.595,p=0.898). However, these results did indicate a moderate, though insignificant, positive impact of HT and highlight the need for continued research into dose, length of treatment, and measurable outcomes (tumor size, metastasis) to provide evidence to suggest application for nursing care.

Relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV breast cancer: A large SEER-based study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13065-e13065
Author(s):  
Qian Dong ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Da Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Stage Iv Breast Cancer

e13065 Background: To analyze the correlation between tumor size and metastatic site in first-diagnosed stage IV breast cancer patients. Methods: Stage IV breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were screened by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The characteristics of clinical variables were represented by a frequency table, and the Chi-square test was used for comparison. At the same time, the Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between tumor size and organ metastasis. Correlation between tumor size and the prognosis of patients was contributed by KM curve and Log-rank test. Results: Regardless of tumor size, the proportion of bone metastasis was higher and brain metastasis was lower in breast cancer patients. There were significant differences in the site of metastases based on different subtype. Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer had the highest proportion of bone metastases; brain metastasis accounted for the highest proportion in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); while the incidence of liver metastasis was the highest in Her-2(+) breast cancer. At the same time, the results indicated that Luminal A breast cancer with a tumor size > 5 cm was more likely to develop multi-site metastasis and lung metastasis, while Luminal B breast cancer with a tumor size ≤ 5 cm was more likely to develop liver metastasis. The results also revealed that TNBC patients with a tumor size of 0 - 2cm were more likely to develop bone metastasis than those with a tumor size > 5 cm, and the incidence of lung metastasis in triple-negative patients showed an increasing trend with the increase of tumor size. Conclusions: Based on subtype, we found that there was a significant difference between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV breast cancer, and the difference was statistically significant. This study provided evidence-based basis for decision-making of stage IV breast cancer treatment.

High Levels of Cathepsin B Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Breast Cancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Maguire ◽  
S.G Shering ◽  
C.M. Duggan ◽  
E.W. McDermott ◽  
N.J. O'Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Cancer Spread ◽  
Er Status

Cathepsin B (CB) is a thiol-stimulated protease implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Other proteases involved in cancer spread such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and cathepsin D have previously been shown to be prognostic markers in breast cancer. CB was assayed by ELISA in 193 patients with primary breast cancer. CB levels were significantly higher in both primary and metastatic breast tumors than in fibroadenomas (p=0.0001). In the primary carcinomas, CB levels showed no significant correlation with either nodal status, tumor size or estrogen receptor (ER) status. Patients with primary breast cancers containing high levels of CB had a significantly shorter disease-free interval (p=0.01, chi-square=6.61) and overall survival (p=0.014, chi-square=6.08) than patients with low levels of the protease. However, in multivariate analysis, using nodal status, tumor size, ER status and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), CB was not an independent prognostic marker. In contrast, nodal status, ER status and uPA were prognostic in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, CB, like certain other proteases implicated in cancer metastasis, correlates with poor outcome in patients with breast cancer. These results thus support the evidence from model systems linking CB to cancer spread. Inhibition of CB expression or activity might therefore be exploited for anti-metastatic therapies.

Development and verification of a three-dimensional (3D) breast cancer tumor model composed of circulating tumor cell (CTC) subsets

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Anil-Inevi ◽  
Pelin Sağlam-Metiner ◽  
Evrim Ceren Kabak ◽  
Sultan Gulce-Iz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Tumor

Breast cancer tumor size in MRI versus surgical pathological specimen: A correlative study

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11550-11550
Author(s):  
A. K. Swayampakula ◽  
A. Schwartzman ◽  
A. Saad ◽  
C. Dillis ◽  
J. Schreiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Correlative Study ◽  
Pathological Specimen ◽  
Cancer Tumor

Behavior of breast cancer in young women: A Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database review.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Anteneh A. Tesfaye ◽  
Mohammad Mozayen ◽  
Ioana Morariu ◽  
David S. Eilender
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival

6 Background: Advanced age is a major risk factor for breast cancer in women. Small sized studies have reported variable outcome of breast cancer in young women. Our study was done to evaluate tumor characteristic and cancer specific survival among young women. Methods: The 1973-2009 SEER database was reviewed for women with breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2009. Patients were grouped by age into: A (≤35 years), B (36-50 years) and C (>50 years). Age, ethnicity, staging, lymph nodes status, micrometastasis in negative lymph nodes, tumor size, tumor grade, hormone receptor status were extracted. Data and survival were analyzed using chi square, Kaplan-Meier, Life table, and Cox proportional hazard model. The primary outcome was 5-year cancer-specific survival. Results: A total of 248,280 patients were included in the study, group A, B and C making 2.8%, 25.5% and 71.7% of study subjects respectively. The median tumor size was 2.4, 1.9, and 1.6 cm in groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). Positive lymph nodes were seen in 52.5%, 43% and 34% in groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). Regional disease was seen in 47.5%, 39.5% and 29.9% in groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). Higher Grade histology was seen in 63.5%, 44.3% and 33.8% in groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). ER-PR negative were found in 42.1%,26.4%, 22.6% of Groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). Five year cancer specific survival was 82%, 89%, 86% in groups A, B and C respectively (p=0.0001). Independent prognostic factors are given in the table. Conclusions: Breast cancer is uncommon among young women (age <35). Compared to other age groups, breast cancer in young women presents with bigger tumor, higher nodal positivity, an advanced stage, higher tumor grade, higher hormone receptor negativity, and worse 5-year cancer-specific survival. [Table: see text]

Comparison of prognosis and specific features according to tumor size in small-sized breast cancer with extensive lymph node involvement.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Seok Han ◽  
Hyun-June Paik ◽  
Jai Min Ryu ◽  
Sungmin Park ◽  
Ha Woo Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Nuclear Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Extensive Lymph Node

81 Background: As known, larger tumor size and more extensive lymph node (LN) involvement have been considered an independent factor for poor prognosis of breast cancer. We evaluated if very small tumor size may be a factor of worse prognosis compared to larger tumor in small sized breast cancer with LN involvement. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made in a single center of all 1400 patients with small (below 2cm, T1) sized and LN involved (N1~N3) breast cancer without metastasis diagnosed between 2004 and 2014. Their ages ranged from 23 to 88 years (mean age 49.1 ± 9.9 years) and mean follow-up was 31 months. All patients were performed with surgery including axillary LN dissection without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. We subdivided their tumor size to 4 group (T1m, T1a, T1b and T1c) grading by 7th AJCC cancer staging. The number of patients in each group is as follows: T1m = 17, T1a = 63, T1b = 214, T1c = 1106. The specific features related to mortality were analyzed according to the minor groups and they were compared with one another by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Total expired patients were 39 (2.8%) and the number (the rate in each group) of the minor groups is as follows: T1m = 1 (5.9%), T1a = 1 (1.6%), T1b = 7 (3.3%), T1c = 22 (2.0%). Overall survival of smaller sized tumor groups ( ≤ 1cm, T1m+T1a+T1b) are significantly decreased than the other larger sized group T1c in T1N1 staged patients (p = 0.004). There are significant differences in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, nuclear grade, recurrence among the 4 minor groups in whole patients group. In the analysis of nuclear grade, the results show higher grade in T1m than T1a, T1m than T1b, T1b than T1c. Especially, recurrence of T1m is significantly more frequent than T1a (17.6% vs 3.2%, P = 0.03) or T1b (17.6% vs 4.2%, p = 0.016). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study indicates smaller sized tumor with LN involvement can progress worse compared to larger tumor. This result supports very small size can be another predictive factor for prognosis in small sized breast cancer with LN involvement.

Assessment of Breast Cancer Tumor Size Depends on Method, Histopathology and Tumor Size Itself*

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Heusinger ◽  
C. Löhberg ◽  
M. P. Lux ◽  
T. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. Imhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Cancer Tumor

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E Allelic Frequency Altered in Women with Early-onset Breast Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 117822341000400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirtsa Porrata-Doria ◽  
Jaime L. Matta ◽  
Summer F. Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Onset Breast Cancer

Among women, the most prevalent type of cancer is breast cancer, affecting 1 out of every 8 women in the United States; in Puerto Rico, 70 out of every 100,000 will develop some type of breast cancer. Therefore, a better understanding of the potential risk factors for breast cancer could lead to the development of early detection tools. A gene that has been proposed as a risk factor in several populations around the world is Apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE functions as a mechanism of transport for lipoproteins and cholesterol throughout the body, with 3 main isoforms present in humans (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4). Whether or not apoE4 is a risk factor for breast cancer remains controversial. Previous studies have either included test subjects of all ages (20–80) or have focused on late-onset (after age 50) breast cancer; none has concentrated specifically on early-onset (aged 50 and younger) breast cancer. The objectives of this study was to examine (in a Puerto Rican population) the differences in the relative frequency of occurrence of apoE4 in non-breast cancer versus breast cancer patients and to examine, as well, the potential differences of same in early- versus late-onset patients. We found an increased frequency of apoE4 (odds ratio 2.15) only in early-onset breast cancer survivors, which is similar to the findings of those studies that combined or adjusted for age as well as for an association between apoE4 and decreased tumor size. ApoE is also a potential risk factor for long-term cognitive effects after chemotherapy and affects response to hormone replacement. Our data supports the theory that knowing the apoE genotype of women who are at risk of developing breast cancer may be beneficial, as such knowledge would aid in the prediction of tumor size and the development of treatment regimens.

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