scholarly journals Design of a Load Torque Based Control Strategy for Improving Electric Tractor Motor Energy Conversion Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengnan Liu ◽  
Liyou Xu ◽  
Zhili Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Common

In order to improve the electrical conversion efficiency of an electric tractor motor, a load torque based control strategy (LTCS) is designed in this paper by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). By mathematically modeling electric-mechanical performance and theoretical energy waste of the electric motor, as well as the transmission characteristics of the drivetrain, the objective function, control relationship, and analytical platform are established. Torque and rotation speed of the motor’s output shaft are defined as manipulated variables. LTCS searches the working points corresponding to the best energy conversion efficiency via PSO to control the running status of the electric motor and uses logic and fuzzy rules to fit the search initialization for load torque fluctuation. After using different plowing forces to imitate all the common tillage forces, the simulation of traction experiment is conducted, which proves that LTCS can make the tractor use electrical power efficiently and maintain agricultural applicability on farmland conditions. It provides a novel method of fabricating a more efficient electric motor used in the traction of an off-road vehicle.

Highly efficient functional GexPb1−xTe based thermoelectric alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (37) ◽  
pp. 20120-20126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Gelbstein ◽  
Joseph Davidow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Implementation ◽  
Thermoelectric Devices

Methods for enhancement of the direct thermal to electrical energy conversion efficiency, upon development of advanced thermoelectric materials, are constantly investigated mainly for an efficient implementation of thermoelectric devices in automotive vehicles, for utilizing the waste heat generated in such engines into useful electrical power and thereby reduction of the fuel consumption and CO2 emission levels.

scholarly journals Photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR): A Novel Method for Access to Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Maskow ◽  
Anne Rothe ◽  
Torsten Jakob ◽  
Sven Paufler ◽  
Christian Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Novel Method

Effect of Leg Topology on the Energy Conversion Performance of Thermoelectric Generators Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutabe Aljaghtham ◽  
Emrah Celik
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Thermoelectric Efficiency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert temperature gradient into electrical power. The shape (or topology) of thermoelectric (TE) leg has a significant impact which can directly affect TEG performance. The conventional uniform, rectangular TE leg configurations were employed widely in TEGs to evaluate the performance of the TE devices. Different leg geometries have been proposed in the past by researchers to enhance thermoelectric efficiency. However, there is no consensus, nor a systematic study exists to find out the ideal leg geometry and maximize the energy conversion efficiency in thermoelectric systems. The current study investigates various configurations of TE legs such as trapezoidal leg, zig-zag leg, butterfly leg, vertical and horizontal cross-shaped leg, X-leg, Y-leg, I-leg based on their individual shape construction. 3-dimensional finite element simulations are conducted to investigate the thermoelectric output power and conversion efficiency of these configurations and compared to (conventional) rectangular TE leg shape geometries. The reliability and accuracy of the used finite element based numerical model are validated with analytical and numerical results. From the study, results indicate that the vertical cross-shaped and butterfly generate more TE output power compared to all other configurations. The (conventional) rectangular TE leg generates around 1.46 Watts which is around 34% and 25% TE power lower than vertical cross-shaped and butterfly configurations, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of material properties in the energy conversion process of thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery applications

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Medina-Delgado ◽  
Guillermo Valencia-Ochoa ◽  
Jorge Duarte-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Energy Conversion Process

The present study analyzed the effect of material properties in the energy conversion process of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs). For the development of the study, two materials whose properties vary with respect to temperature (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Cu11NiSb4S13) and a material with constant properties (Bi2Te3) were analyzed. Through numerical simulation processes, each material was subjected to different temperature differences to monitor the effect on the electrical output power, heat flux, and energy conversion efficiency. The results showed that neglecting the temperature dependence produces higher or lower performance estimations depending on the temperature levels experienced by the TEG.  Overall, the material Bi2Te3 displayed 35% more electrical power output and conversion efficiency compared to the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 material. Therefore, considering the variability of thermoelectric materials demonstrated to be essential to obtain realistic process performance. Also, the heat flux produced by the Fourier effect presents the most significant impact on the electrical power generation of the TEG. Among materials with variable properties, the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 increases the conversion efficiency up to 25% compared to the Cu11NiSb4S13. In conclusion, the study of material properties using numerical simulations emerged as a robust and practical tool to evaluate TEG performance.

scholarly journals Study on Optimum Power Take-Off Torque of an Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter in Western Sea of Jeju Island

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Haeng Sik Ko ◽  
Sangho Kim ◽  
Yoon Hyeok Bae
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Extracted Power ◽  
Asymmetric Wave

This study primarily investigates an optimum energy conversion efficiency of asymmetric wave energy converter (WEC). A power take-off (PTO) system that provides a constant load torque opposite to pitch motion was implemented. Incident wave conditions were selected based on the measured data in the western sea of Jeju Island, South Korea. An optimum torque was calculated by comparing the time-averaged extracted power with various PTO load torque. InterDyMFoam solver based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were used in an OpenFOAM v4.0 framework—an open-source computational fluid dynamics model—against the experimental results derived from the wave flume. The upward pitch excursion was induced by wave force due to the asymmetric WEC characteristics; however, the downward pitch excursion depends on its weight. Numerically, the PTO torque was only loaded in uni-direction against the upward pitch motion. Moreover, the optimum PTO torque was estimated by comparing the time-averaged extracted power. Finally, the optimum PTO torque was evaluated by an irregular wave as a function of significant wave height. The optimum PTO provides design information about the asymmetric wave energy converter to improve energy conversion efficiency.

First-principles study on the electronic and optical properties of the orthorhombic CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 with Cmcm space group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhao Zhao ◽  
Tianyu Tang ◽  
Quan Xie ◽  
like gao ◽  
Limin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Lead Halide

The cesium lead halide perovskites are regarded as effective candidates for light-absorbing materials in solar cells, which have shown excellent performances in experiments such as promising energy conversion efficiency. In...

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