scholarly journals Flakka-Induced Prolonged Psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Mental States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
Paranoid Psychosis

In South Florida, there has been a highly addictive new synthetic drug flooding the streets for people looking for a cheap high. Alpha-PVP, better known as Flakka, is an illegal substance that sells on the streets for as little as $5 a hit and delivers an instant high that can last from hours to days with lingering effects for weeks after it has been ingested. Although people use Flakka for its potential euphoric high, symptoms are known to easily escalate into frightening delusions, paranoid psychosis, extreme agitation, and a multitude of other altered mental states. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Florida appears to be the nation’s hot spot for reports of Flakka. In this case report, a 17-year-old female with no prior psychiatric diagnosis presents to the hospital under a 72-hour involuntary placement for altered mental status with agitation and psychotic behaviors. After multiple days of symptomatic treatment with benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, the patient became coherent enough to give a history of a “friend” putting Flakka in her food at school as a joke. Although she continues to have residual symptoms including psychomotor agitation and slowing of cognition, she was alert, oriented, and able to be discharged home with proper follow-up.

scholarly journals Osteochondritis dissecans of the hip

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lindén ◽  
K. Jonsson ◽  
I. Redlund-Johnell
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Hip Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hip Arthrography ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
Hip Rotation

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OD) of the hip and the Outcome of this condition after treatment. Material and Methods: Twelve male and 3 female patients with OD were retrospectively studied. Six patients had a history of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) and among them 2 also had had a trauma to the hip. A further 5 had had trauma and 1 a developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). The remaining 3 patients had no history of previous hip disease or trauma. All patients were examined with plain radiography, 7 with MR, 3 with CT and 2 with hip arthrography. Results: All OD lesions were detected at plain radiography, and most of them were located near the fovea. At MR the lesions had low signal intensity at T1-weighted sequences, and 6/7 had edema or fluid collection in or adjacent to the lesion on T2-weighted sequences. The early treatment in 7 patients was surgery, 2 had had conservative treatment and 6 no treatment. At follow-up 12 years after radiological diagnosis, 5 patients had hip arthrosis, 4 of whom were treated with arthroplasty. All but 3 had reduced hip rotation and all but 2 (with arthroplasty) had load pain. Three of the patients with earlier surgery had not developed arthrosis. Conclusions: OD lesions are usually well seen with plain radiography. There is a great risk of developing early arthrosis and it seems that early surgery is connected with arthrosis development. Thus only symptomatic treatment is recommended.

scholarly journals Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Resembling Clinical Absence with Atypical EEG Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Channaiah Srikanth Mysore ◽  
Najib Murr ◽  
Rana Zabad ◽  
John Bertoni
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Absence Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Atypical Absence ◽  
Eeg Pattern

Objective. We are reporting two cases: a patient with steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) and another patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), both presenting with altered mental status (AMS) and later diagnosed with nonconvulsive atypical absence status epilepticus (AS), with atypical EEG changes. Methods. A report of two cases. Results. A patient with history of SREAT and the other with SPMS had multiple admissions due to AMS. For both, EEG revealed the presence of a high voltage generalized sharply contoured theta activity. A diagnosis of NCSE with clinical features of AS was made based on both clinical and EEG features. There was significant clinical and electrographic improvement with administration of levetiracetam for both patients in addition to sodium valproate and Solumedrol for the SREAT patient. Both patients continued to be seizure free on follow-up few months later. Conclusions. This is a report of two cases of atypical AS, with atypical EEG, in patients with different neurological conditions. Prompt clinical and EEG recovery occurred following appropriate medical treatment. We think that this condition might be underreported and could significantly benefit from prompt treatment when appropriately diagnosed.

scholarly journals Parotid carcinoma following chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: a case report

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilun Deng ◽  
Bi Zhao ◽  
Bing Wei ◽  
Shihong Zhang ◽  
Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Parotid Carcinoma ◽  
Unsteady Gait ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nosologic Entity

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disorder with unclear causes. Paraneoplastic etiology may be a cause. We report a case of CLIPPERS with parotid carcinoma. Case presentation A 54-year-old man with a history of lymphoma was hospitalized with a pontocerebellar syndrome. Brain MRI revealed that the pons and cerebellum were “peppered” with punctate and curvilinear enhancement lesions that supported the diagnosis of CLIPPERS. The relapse of lymphoma was excluded by a further cerebellum biopsy revealing predominantly CD3+ T cells in white matter. The patient was relieved after pulse therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone and a large dose of corticosteroids, but he complained of a worsening gait problem when corticosteroids were tapered to a lower dose. Although the clinical symptoms gradually improved again by increasing the dosage of corticosteroids with Azathioprine, the patient still had a slight unsteady gait during follow-up. At the 7-month follow-up, a parotid mass was detected by MRI and was verified as carcinoma by biopsy. After resection of parotid carcinoma, the residual symptoms and previous MRI lesions disappeared, and no relapse occurred. Conclusions CLIPPERS may not be a distinct nosologic entity but an overlapping diagnosis with other diseases. Some cases of CLIPPERS might be a subtype of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) due to the similar mechanism of antibody-mediated encephalitis. Tumor screening and serum paraneoplastic autoantibody tests are recommended for patients with CLIPPERS, especially for those who relapse when corticosteroids treatment is stopped or tapered.

scholarly journals A Case of Human Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis Accompanied by Lung and Brain Metastases

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Chuanchuan Liu ◽  
Haining Fan ◽  
Ri-li Ge
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
History Of

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is considered as a fatal zoonosis caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. The lungs and brain are the most common metastatic organs. We report a human case of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis accompanied by lung and brain metastasis. In particular, the patient had a history of tuberculosis and the lung lesions were easily misdiagnosed as lung abscesses. The lesions of liver and lung underwent radical resection and confirmed as alveolar echinococcosis by pathological examination. The patient had no surgical complications after operation and was discharged after symptomatic treatment. Unfortunately, the patient later developed multiple intracerebral AE metastases. We required the patient to take albendazole orally for life and follow up.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Follow-Up of Pneumonia Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on CT Scan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Ya’nan Huang ◽  
Minxia Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China. It is a highly contagious respiratory disease, the basic reproductive number (RO value) for COVID-19 has been reported as 2.68 with an epidemic doubling time of 6.4 days. In this case report, a 50-year-old man presented with a history of fever and chills. Chest radiographs failed to find any abnormality, and computed tomography (CT) showed ground glass shadow of the upper lobe of the left lung. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the patient’s pharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19 nucleic acid. The course of the disease developed from mild to severe, then improved and recovered. The patient underwent antiviral drugs, low dose of glucocorticoids, symptomatic treatment, and immunoglobulin for human intravenous injection. We report this long time follow-up case of COVID-19.

What can be learnt from the natural history of anxiety disorders?

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rubio ◽  
Juan José López-Ibor
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient knowledge of the long-term course of panic disorder (PD).AimTo determine the long-term course and prognostic variables in patients diagnosed with PD.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed of anxiety states between 1950 and 1961, were examined using a structured clinical interview (SCID-DSM-III-R) between 1984 and 1988 (n = 144). A re-examination was performed in the period 1997–2001 (N = 125). Mean length of follow-up from onset was 47 years.ResultsPD tends to be chronic. Among those who recovered, 93% had done so already by the 1980s. Lack of regular treatment compliance, progression to agoraphobia and number of episodes of panic disorder were associated with worse outcome. Agoraphobia without panic attacks and somatization symptoms were the most prevalent clinical status at follow-up.ConclusionAfter several decades, participants improve with regard to number of panic attacks, though most continue to have residual symptoms.

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A128-A128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H MALATY ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A ELKASABANY ◽  
S REDDY ◽  
S SRINIVASAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
History Of

Treatment of varicose tributaries with sclerotherapy with polidocanol 0.5 % foam

VASA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reich-Schupke ◽  
Weyer ◽  
Altmeyer ◽  
Stücker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Severe Adverse Effect ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Additional Therapy

Background: Although foam sclerotherapy of varicose tributaries is common in daily practice, scientific evidence for the optimal sclerosant-concentration and session-frequency is still low. This study aimed to increase the knowledge on foam sclerotherapy of varicose tributaries and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy with 0.5 % polidocanol in tributaries with 3-6 mm in diameter. Patients and methods: Analysis of 110 legs in 76 patients. Injections were given every second or third day. A maximum of 1 injection / leg and a volume of 2ml / injection were administered per session. Controls were performed approximately 6 months and 12 months after the start of therapy. Results: 110 legs (CEAP C2-C4) were followed up for a period of 14.2 ± 4.2 months. Reflux was eliminated after 3.4 ± 2.7 injections per leg. Insufficient tributaries were detected in 23.2 % after 6.2 ± 0.9 months and in 48.2 % after 14.2 ± 4.2 months, respectively. Only 30.9 % (34 / 110) of the legs required additional therapy. In 6.4 % vein surgery was performed, in 24.5 % similar sclerotherapy was repeated. Significantly fewer sclerotherapy-sessions were required compared to the initial treatment (mean: 2.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.0054). During the whole study period thrombophlebitis (8.2 %), hyperpigmentation (14.5 %), induration in the treated region (9.1 %), pain in the treated leg (7.3 %) and migraine (0.9 %) occurred. One patient with a history of thrombosis developed thrombosis of a muscle vein (0.9 %). After one year there were just hyperpigmentation (8.2 %) and induration (1.8 %) left. No severe adverse effect occurred. Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy with injections of 0.5 % polidocanol every 2nd or 3rd day, is a safe procedure for varicose tributaries. The evaluation of efficacy is difficult, as it can hardly be said whether the detected tributaries in the controls are recurrent veins or have recently developed in the follow-up period. The low number of retreated legs indicates a high efficacy and satisfaction of the patients.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
MA Hayee ◽  
QD Mohammad ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
M Hakim ◽  
SM Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)

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