scholarly journals Acetaldehyde Induces Cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y Cells via Inhibition of Akt Activation and Induction of Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction. It has been shown that heavy drinking is associated with an earlier onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Acetaldehyde, the most toxic metabolite of ethanol, is speculated to mediate the brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction induced by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms by which acetaldehyde induces neurotoxicity are not totally understood. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of acetaldehyde in SH-SY5Y cells and found that acetaldehyde induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by downregulating the expression of antiapoptoticBcl-2andBcl-xLand upregulating the expression of proapoptoticBax. Acetaldehyde treatment led to a significant decrease in the levels of activated Akt and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). In addition, acetaldehyde induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) while inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs, p44/p42MAPK). Meanwhile, acetaldehyde treatment caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and elevated the oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, acetaldehyde induces cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells via promotion of apoptotic signaling, inhibition of cell survival pathway, and induction of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum surattense on Brain Tissue Damage and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats with Toxoplasmosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Mansour Ataei ◽  
Arash Khaki ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Solanum Surattense ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by a protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii. This protozoan is a parasite of cats that can spread among other animals and birds around the world and cause a disease that varies from mild to severe. The disease is seen in the forms of acquired toxoplasmosis and congenital toxoplasmosis. Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between reproductive function and toxoplasmosis. T. gondii has led to decreased reproductive performance of males and females in many experimental animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum surattense on the brain tissue damage and brain oxidative stress induced by T. gondii in adult rats. Methods: For this purpose, 32 adult female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, 8 healthy rats received IP saline for 3 weeks. In group 2, 8 rats with T. gondii received IP saline for 3 weeks. In group 3, 8 rats with T. gondii received the hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for 3 weeks. In group 4, 8 healthy rats received the hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for 3 weeks. Then, brain tissue resection was performed to evaluate histological damage and levels of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Histological and biochemical studies showed that T. gondii had a deleterious effect on the brain tissue of rats and increased the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense improved these effects due to its high antioxidant properties. Conclusion: The administration of the appropriate dose of hydroalcoholic extract of S. surattense for three consecutive weeks had a protective effect on brain tissue exposed to T. gondii.

MR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Brain Tissue Damage After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors

2009 ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Blamek ◽  
Dawid Larysz ◽  
Kornelia Ficek ◽  
Maria Sokół ◽  
Leszek Miszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
Pediatric Brain

MONOPHASIC BUT NOT BIPHASIC PULSES INDUCE BRAIN TISSUE DAMAGE DURING MONOPOLAR HIGH-FREQUENCY DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Piallat ◽  
Stéphan Chabardès ◽  
Annaelle Devergnas ◽  
Napoleon Torres ◽  
Marjolaine Allain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
Deep Brain

Piezosurgery prevents brain tissue damage: an experimental study on a new rat model

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 840-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pavlíková ◽  
R. Foltán ◽  
M. Burian ◽  
E. Horká ◽  
S. Adámek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage

The effect of common carotid artery occlusion on delayed brain tissue damage in the rat double subarachnoid hemorrhage model

2011 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Güresir ◽  
Nikos Vasiliadis ◽  
Santosh Dias ◽  
Peter Raab ◽  
Volker Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

MRI investigation of the threshold for thermally induced blood-brain barrier disruption and brain tissue damage in the rabbit brain

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan McDannold ◽  
Natalia Vykhodtseva ◽  
Ferenc A. Jolesz ◽  
Kullervo Hynynen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage

An overview of S-100β as a clinically useful biomarker of brain tissue damage

2002 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
John Azami ◽  
Basil F. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage
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