scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Biological Activity of Carbasugars

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Roscales ◽  
Joaquín Plumet
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Made In

The first synthesis of carbasugars, compounds in which the ring oxygen of a monosaccharide had been replaced by a methylene moiety, was described in 1966 by Professor G. E. McCasland’s group. Seven years later, the first true natural carbasugar (5a-carba-R-D-galactopyranose) was isolated from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. MA-4145. In the following decades, the chemistry and biology of carbasugars have been extensively studied. Most of these compounds show interesting biological properties, especially enzymatic inhibitory activities, and, in consequence, an important number of analogues have also been prepared in the search for improved biological activities. The aim of this review is to give coverage on the progress made in two important aspects of these compounds: the elucidation of their biosynthesis and the consideration of their biological properties, including the extensively studied carbapyranoses as well as the much less studied carbafuranoses.

scholarly journals Structural Analysis of Fucoidans

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Bilan ◽  
Anatolii I. Usov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
New Information

Sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae (“fucoidans”) constitute a wide variety of biopolymers from simple sulfated fucans up to complex heteropolysaccharides composed of several neutral monosaccharides, uronic acid and sulfate. The increased interest in this class of polysaccharides is explained by their high and versatile biological activities, and hence, by their possible use in new drug design. Structural analysis of several fucoidans demonstrates that their biological properties are determined not only by charge density, but also by fine chemical structure, although distinct correlations between structure and biological activity cannot be formulated at present. The aim of this review is to describe the methods of structural analysis currently used in fucoidan chemistry, and to discuss some new information on the structures of fucoidans presented in recent publications.

scholarly journals MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. SYROESHKIN ◽  
E.V. USPENSKAYA ◽  
T.V. PLETENEVA ◽  
M.A. MOROZOVA ◽  
T.V. MAKSIMOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved.

scholarly journals Coordination Compounds of Platinum and Palladium with Mixed Ligands (Usnic Acid and 1-(o-Tolyl) Biguanide) � Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Mirela Calinescu ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Mihai Nita-Lazar ◽  
Madalina Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mixed Ligands

Four coordination compounds of Pd(II), Pt(II) and Pt(IV) with usnic acid (H3AU) and 1-(o-tolyl)biguanide (TB) as ligands have been synthesized in view of their potential as antimicrobial, antifungal and antitumor agents. The metal complexes have been characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, infrared and electronic spectra. Based on these studies, the following formulas have been proposed for the complexes: [Pd(TB)(H3AU)]PdCl4 (C1), [Pd(TB)(H2AU)] CH3COO (C2), [Pt(TB)(H2AU)Cl2]Cl (C3) and [Pt(TB)(H2AU)]Cl (C4), where H2AU is deprotonated usnic acid. The in vitro biological activities of the new complexes were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and HeLa tumor cells. All complexes were found to have good biological properties and therefore they can be further explored in therapeutic applications.

Syntheses and Biological Activities of triazole-based Sulfonamides

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 2319-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ramazani ◽  
Hamed Sadighian ◽  
Farideh Gouranlou ◽  
Sang W. Joo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Biological Activity

: The triazole and sulfonamide compounds are known as biologically active agents that were employed for medicinal applications. These compounds were obtained in different forms by a variety of techniques to vast ranges of applications. The broad biological properties of these compounds have encouraged researchers to design and synthesize triazole-based sulfonamide derivatives as compounds with potential biological activity. In this review, we summarized the synthetic procedures of triazole-based sulfonamide compounds together with their biological activities during the last two decades.

scholarly journals Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Emma E Acosta de Guevara ◽  
Ailen D Molina Castillo ◽  
Clara Gutiérrez Castañeda ◽  
Glorismar Castro Amarís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Lippia alba is an aromatic species belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Its essential oils have been used in different industries, because of its biological properties. Objective: Identify the perspectives of the biotechnological applications of Lippia alba essential oils. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted on the biological activity of Lippia alba essential oils registered until October, 2018 in EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. Results: Chemotypes I and III have been reported for different biological activities from the evaluations performed on microorganisms, fish, arthropods, small mammals, and cell lines; fundamentally associated with antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and sedative effects, among others. Records focused mainly on the health, fishing industry, and agrifood sectors. Conclusion: Studies on the effect of essential oil are promising, but do not reflect a continuity of the research toward prototypes or finished commercial products. Research groups must unify evaluation methodologies and include in all studies the relationship between phytochemical and biological activity for the meta-analyses to be possible. Likewise, they must join efforts through the National System for Agricultural Innovation (SNIA, for the term in Spanish) to generate finished products that impact upon society and facilitate progress in the country’s bio-economy.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Cristina Toreti ◽  
Helia Harumi Sato ◽  
Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽  
Yong Kun Park
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Botanical Origin

Propolis is the generic name given to the product obtained from resinous substances, which is gummy and balsamic and which is collected by bees from flowers, buds, and exudates of plants. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. These biological properties are related to its chemical composition and more specifically to the phenolic compounds that vary in their structure and concentration depending on the region of production, availability of sources to collect plant resins, genetic variability of the queen bee, the technique used for production, and the season in which propolis is produced. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journal, and several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the chemical compounds and biological activity of propolis. This paper presents a review on the publications on propolis and patents of applications and biological constituents of propolis.

scholarly journals Essential oils as a source of bioactive molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glicerio León-Méndez ◽  
Nerlis Pájaro-Castro ◽  
Enilson Pájaro-Castro ◽  
Miladys Torrenegra- Alarcón ◽  
Adriana Herrera-Barros
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Made In

Nature gives us a large number of compounds with interesting biological properties, within them we have essential oils, which are an important source of new bioactive molecules, which can replace synthetic chemicals, since they are friendly to the environment and they are less toxic. Currently there are more than 20.000 publications in which essential oils are related to some biological activity, according to the search made in different databases until January 2018. This confirms the wide utility of essential oils as the main source of bioactive metabolites, which can be used in different areas of our life.

scholarly journals Biological properties of Oncocalyxone A: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e57810414343
Author(s):  
Raí Emanuel da Silva ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Gisele Santos de Araújo ◽  
Bruno Iles ◽  
Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Antitumor Potential ◽  
Toxic Potential

Quinones are a classic example of molecules isolated from natural products. These compounds are secondary metabolites produced by plants, fungi, bacteria, and insects and correspond to an interesting chemical class ubiquitously found in nature. The [rel-8α-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-8α, β-methyl-7, 8, 8a, 9-tetahydro-1, 4-anthracenedione] [oncocalyxone A, onco-A] is a benzoquinone of dark red color isolated from the ethanolic extract of the species Cordia oncocalyx (Auxemma oncocalyx Allem). In this review, we aimed to investigate the main biological activities described for oncocalyxone A, as well as its isolation and characterization processes. For this review, the following descriptors were employed in multiple databases: medicinal plants, quinones, Auxemma oncocalyx, Cordia oncocalyx, biological activity. Besides, experimental papers published in international journals and with full text available were used as inclusion criteria. The biological activity profiles found for onco-A according to the literature were: antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects against SW1573 (alveolar cell carcinoma) and CCD922 (normal skin fibroblasts) cell lines; anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential; inhibitory effect on cell growth and DNA reactivity; antiplatelet activity; antitumor potential; anti-glycation agent; beneficial and/or toxic potential in goats and neuroinhibitory effect; antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The substance has a broad spectrum of pharmacological applications, most of which are associated with its cytotoxic activity. The work also intends to compile the activities described in the literature, to understand how the molecule acts on the various targets, but, in some cases, more in-depth research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Relationship Between Cycloheximides Structures and Their Different Biological Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Jae Deok Kim ◽  
Vinit Raj ◽  
In Min Hwang ◽  
Nan Hee Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Streptomyces species are the most important sources of antibacterial, antifungal, and phytotoxic metabolites. In this study, cycloheximide (CH) and acetoxycycloheximide (ACH) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. JCK-6092. The antifungal and phytotoxic activities of the two compounds (CH and ACH) and a cycloheximide derivative, hydroxycycloheximide (HCH), were compared. CH exhibited the strongest antagonistic activity against all the true fungi tested, followed by ACH and HCH. However, both CH and ACH displayed similar mycelial growth inhibitory activities against several phytopathogenic oomycetes, and both were more active than that of HCH. Disparate to antifungal ability, ACH showed the strongest phytotoxic activity against weeds and crops, followed by HCH and CH. ACH caused chlorophyll content loss, leaf electrolytic leakage, and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Its phytotoxicity was stronger than that of glufosinate-ammonium but weaker than that of paraquat in the in vitro experiments. CH and its derivatives are well-known protein synthesis inhibitors; however, the precise differences between their mechanism of action remain undiscovered. A computational study revealed effects of CHs on the protein synthesis of Pythium ultimum (oomycetes), Magnaporthe oryzae (true fungus), and Capsicum annum (plant) and deciphered the differences in their biological activities on different targets. The binding energies and conformation stabilities of each chemical molecule correlated with their biological activities. Thus, molecular docking study supported the experimental results. This is the first comparative study to suggest the ribosomal protein alteration mechanisms of CHs in plants and fungi and to thus show how the protein inhibitory activities of the different derivatives are altered using molecular docking. The correlation of structures features of CHs in respect to bond formation with desired protein was revealed by density functional theory. Overall collective results suggested that CHs can be used as lead molecules in the development of more potent fungicides and herbicides molecules.

scholarly journals RETENTION BEHAVIOR AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF N-SUBSTITUTED-2-PHENYLACETAMIDE DERIVATES

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đenđi Vaštag ◽  
Suzana Apostolov ◽  
Borko Matijević ◽  
Jelena Nakomčić ◽  
Aleksandar Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structure Retention ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Phenylacetamide derivatives are a group of compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities as analgetic, anticonvulsant, pesticide, cytostatic. It is well known that the biological activity and the field of activity of the substance are greatly dependent on its physical, chemical and structural properties. In this paper, we applied QSRR analysis (Quantitative Structure Retention Relationships), which is based on the prediction of biological properties of compounds based on their chromatographic retention behaviors. To that end, retention constants of investigated N-substituted-2-phenylacetamide were determined by reversed phase thin-layer chromatography, (HPTLC RP18 F254s) in the presence of different volume fractions of n-propanol and tetrahydrofuran. The resulting data were correlated with molecular descriptors determined in different ways in order to establish the mathematical model that describes the relationship between retention properties and biological activities of investigated phenylacetamides.

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