scholarly journals Structural Analysis of Fucoidans

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Bilan ◽  
Anatolii I. Usov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
New Information

Sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae (“fucoidans”) constitute a wide variety of biopolymers from simple sulfated fucans up to complex heteropolysaccharides composed of several neutral monosaccharides, uronic acid and sulfate. The increased interest in this class of polysaccharides is explained by their high and versatile biological activities, and hence, by their possible use in new drug design. Structural analysis of several fucoidans demonstrates that their biological properties are determined not only by charge density, but also by fine chemical structure, although distinct correlations between structure and biological activity cannot be formulated at present. The aim of this review is to describe the methods of structural analysis currently used in fucoidan chemistry, and to discuss some new information on the structures of fucoidans presented in recent publications.

Chemical principles of Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus of the South African Amaryllidaceae and their biological properties

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald Nair ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
New Information ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

The Amaryllidaceae features prominently amongst bulbous flowering plant families. Accommodating about a third of its species, South Africa affords a sound basis for Amaryllidaceae plant research. Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus have been well-represented in such endeavors. The account herein summarizes the studies undertaken between 2013-2020 on these genera in regards to their chemical and biological characteristics. A total of 136 compounds comprising 63 alkaloids and 73 non-alkaloid entities were described during this period from eighteen members of the title genera. The alkaloids were reflective of the structural diversity found in eight isoquinoline alkaloid groups of the Amaryllidaceae. Of these, the crinane (29 compounds), lycorane and homolycorine (11 compounds each) groups were the most-represented. The non-alkaloid substances were embracive of the same number of unrelated groups including, acids, phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. A wide variety of assays were engaged to ascertain the biological activities of the isolated compounds, notably in regards to cancer and motorneuron-related diseases. There were also attempts made to determine the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of some of the substances. New information has also emerged on the herbicidal, insecticidal and plant growth regulatory effects of selected alkaloid principles. Coupled to the biological screening measures were in instances probes made to establish the molecular basis to some of the activities, particularly in relation to cancer and Parkinsonʹs disease.

scholarly journals MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. SYROESHKIN ◽  
E.V. USPENSKAYA ◽  
T.V. PLETENEVA ◽  
M.A. MOROZOVA ◽  
T.V. MAKSIMOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved.

scholarly journals Coordination Compounds of Platinum and Palladium with Mixed Ligands (Usnic Acid and 1-(o-Tolyl) Biguanide) � Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Mirela Calinescu ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Mihai Nita-Lazar ◽  
Madalina Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mixed Ligands

Four coordination compounds of Pd(II), Pt(II) and Pt(IV) with usnic acid (H3AU) and 1-(o-tolyl)biguanide (TB) as ligands have been synthesized in view of their potential as antimicrobial, antifungal and antitumor agents. The metal complexes have been characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, infrared and electronic spectra. Based on these studies, the following formulas have been proposed for the complexes: [Pd(TB)(H3AU)]PdCl4 (C1), [Pd(TB)(H2AU)] CH3COO (C2), [Pt(TB)(H2AU)Cl2]Cl (C3) and [Pt(TB)(H2AU)]Cl (C4), where H2AU is deprotonated usnic acid. The in vitro biological activities of the new complexes were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and HeLa tumor cells. All complexes were found to have good biological properties and therefore they can be further explored in therapeutic applications.

Syntheses and Biological Activities of triazole-based Sulfonamides

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 2319-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ramazani ◽  
Hamed Sadighian ◽  
Farideh Gouranlou ◽  
Sang W. Joo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Biological Activity

: The triazole and sulfonamide compounds are known as biologically active agents that were employed for medicinal applications. These compounds were obtained in different forms by a variety of techniques to vast ranges of applications. The broad biological properties of these compounds have encouraged researchers to design and synthesize triazole-based sulfonamide derivatives as compounds with potential biological activity. In this review, we summarized the synthetic procedures of triazole-based sulfonamide compounds together with their biological activities during the last two decades.

The Role of Sulfates in Fucoidan Extracted from Fucus evanescens in Proinflammatory Cytokines Production by Human Peripheral Blood Cells in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
S. R. Khil'chenko ◽  
T. S. Zaporozhets ◽  
T. N. Zvyagintseva ◽  
N. M. Shevchenko ◽  
N. N. Besednov
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Fucus Evanescens ◽  
Tnf Α

Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae (Phaeophyceae), have a wide spectrum of bioactivity. Studies of molecular structures of fucoidans and deciphering of molecular elements' impact on their biological activities are at their active stage. The article shows the role of sulfates and acetyl groups in fucoidan isolated from Fucus evanescens in proinflammatory cytokines production by human heparinized unfractionated peripheral blood cells. Material and Methods. The cells were incubated with native fucoidan (N) and its deacetylated (deA), partially desulfated (deS), and both deacetylated and partially desulfated (deAdeS) derivatives (100 μg/mL). Cytokine concentrations were determined in cell supernatants by ELISA in a 'sandwich' modification with commercial kits. Results. Incubation with N fucoidan led to an increase of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 levels in supernatants. Partial removal of sulfate groups cancelled or decreased stimulating effect for IL-6, TNF-α, cytokines, but not for IL-8. deAc fucoidan action was comparable with N polysaccharide. Native polysaccharide and its chemically modified derivatives did not change IFN-γ и IL-10 cytokine production. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that sulfates have a significant role in cytokine-producing properties of fucoidan extracted from brown algae F.evanescens.

Anticoagulant Activity and Mechanism of Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1208-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dockal ◽  
Susanne Till ◽  
Sabine Knappe ◽  
Hartmut J. Ehrlich ◽  
Friedrich Scheiflinger
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Thrombin Inhibition ◽  
Thrombin Generation Assay

Abstract Abstract 1208 Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides which are extracted from brown seaweeds and echinoderms and have a wide variety of biological activities. Described as non-anticoagulant polysaccharides (NASPs), they have been demonstrated to improve clotting in FVIII- and FIX-deficient plasma (Liu et al., 2006), making them good candidates for hemophilia treatment. However, fucoidans have also been extensively studied for their anticoagulant effects (Pereira et al., 1999), which usually occur at much higher concentrations than the procoagulant activity. This opens a large procoagulant window where procoagulant activities exceed anticoagulant effects. When analyzed by a global hemostatic thrombin generation assay in hemophilia plasma the onset of procoagulant activity is observed at concentrations as low as 0.01 μg/mL with optimal activity at about 1 μg/mL. Reversal of procoagulant activity is seen at concentrations higher than 10 μg/mL. Fucoidans and other sulfated polysaccharides activate different anticoagulant mechanisms depending on their structural properties. Branched fucoidans extracted from brown algae have been shown to directly inhibit thrombin, while linear fucoidan from echinoderms activates antithrombin III (ATIII) or heparin cofactor II (HCII)-mediated thrombin inhibition (Pereira et al., 1999). Sulfated galactans also have serpin-dependent and -independent anticoagulant activities (Glauser et al., 2009). In this study we analyzed fucoidans from several brown algae species for their anticoagulant properties and mode of action to identify the candidate with the best procoagulant and lowest anticoagulant activity. NASPs from several brown algae species including L. japonica (L.j.), F. vesiculosus (F.v.), and U. pinnatifida (U.p.) showed different anticoagulant activities in an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay. U.p. fucoidan was about twice as anticoagulant as the other fucoidan preparations, increasing clotting time by 50% at a concentration of 4 μg/mL. In addition, NASPs were analyzed in ATIII- and HCII-thrombin model assays. L.j. fucoidan activated ATIII-mediated thrombin inhibition, whereas the other fucoidans showed no effect on ATIII. Fucoidans from L.j. and F.v. had a direct effect on thrombin, starting at about 10 μg/mL. By contrast, U.p. fucoidan did not directly affect thrombin. However, all preparations increased HCII-mediated thrombin inhibition at concentrations below 1 μg/mL. This suggests that HCII is the main target for the anticoagulant activity of fucoidans. Nevertheless, we observed substantial differences between the fucoidan candidates which will be correlated to structural properties. Our work describes the assessment of anticoagulant activities of a variety of fucoidan species to better understand their intertwined pro- and anticoagulant effects. This provides important mechanistic insights for the development of hemophilia therapies. Disclosures: Dockal: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Till:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Knappe:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger:Baxter BioScience: Employment.

scholarly journals A review on phytoconstituents of marine brown algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma M. Hakim ◽  
Illa C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Marine Brown Algae ◽  
Hard State ◽  
Gujarat Coast

Abstract Background From the last few years, the development and discovery of bioactive compounds and their potential properties from marine algae have been enhanced significantly. The coastal area is a huge storehouse for propitious algae. It has been the genuine reality that the consequence of marine algae as a source of different compounds is increasing. Main body Numerous advanced research devices are available for the discovery of synthetic compounds but still many researchers are working on natural bioactive compounds to discover their biological properties, which are useful to society. Marine algae are taking the preponderance of consideration from investigators owing to its phenomenon of biological activity like anti-cancer, anti-viral, cholesterol-reducing, and many more. A variety of compounds are collected from algae with specific purposes as they remain in an extremely ambitious and hard state; this condition is responsible for the synthesis of very particularly effective bioactive compounds. The present article is concentrating on the brown algae of the Gujarat coast, phlorotannins, polyphenol, phytosterol from brown algae, and their various applications. The main importance has been given to the secondary metabolites and various applications of marine brown algae. Conclusion From this review, it can be concluded that the prominent bioactive compounds from brown algae can cure many serious diseases. Besides, the potential biological activities of a special bioactive compound may represent the interest in the industry of pharmaceuticals, cosmeceutical, and functional foods.

scholarly journals The Natural Products and Pharmacological Biodiversity of Brown Algae from the Genus Dictyopteris

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Rushdi ◽  
Iman A. M. Abdel- Rahman ◽  
Hani Saber ◽  
Eman Zekry Attia ◽  
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Chemical Feature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications

Abstract. Genus Dictyopteris is an important genus among marine seaweeds and is excessively distributed and known by its ocean smell due to its secondary metabolites including C11-hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. This chemical feature is responsible for its interesting biological properties. This review detected the literature from 1959 to 2021 on the genus Dictyopteris and revealed the secondary metabolites, together with biological activities of the genus Dictyopteris to create the base for additional studies on its clinical and pharmaceutical applications.   Resumen. El género Dictyopteris es un género importante entre las algas marinas y está excesivamente distribuido y conocido por su olor a océano debido a sus metabolitos secundarios que incluyen hidrocarburos C11 y compuestos de azufre. Esta característica química es responsable de sus interesantes propiedades biológicas. Esta revisión detectó la literatura de 1959 a 2021 sobre el género Dictyopteris y reveló los metabolitos secundarios, junto con las actividades biológicas del género Dictyopteris, para crear la base para estudios adicionales sobre sus aplicaciones clínicas y farmacéuticas.

scholarly journals Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Emma E Acosta de Guevara ◽  
Ailen D Molina Castillo ◽  
Clara Gutiérrez Castañeda ◽  
Glorismar Castro Amarís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Lippia alba is an aromatic species belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Its essential oils have been used in different industries, because of its biological properties. Objective: Identify the perspectives of the biotechnological applications of Lippia alba essential oils. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted on the biological activity of Lippia alba essential oils registered until October, 2018 in EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. Results: Chemotypes I and III have been reported for different biological activities from the evaluations performed on microorganisms, fish, arthropods, small mammals, and cell lines; fundamentally associated with antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and sedative effects, among others. Records focused mainly on the health, fishing industry, and agrifood sectors. Conclusion: Studies on the effect of essential oil are promising, but do not reflect a continuity of the research toward prototypes or finished commercial products. Research groups must unify evaluation methodologies and include in all studies the relationship between phytochemical and biological activity for the meta-analyses to be possible. Likewise, they must join efforts through the National System for Agricultural Innovation (SNIA, for the term in Spanish) to generate finished products that impact upon society and facilitate progress in the country’s bio-economy.

scholarly journals ANTITUMOR SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES FROM BROWN ALGAE Dictyota caribaea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Nathália Brígido Assef ◽  
Bianca Barros da Costa ◽  
Thamyris Almeida Moreira ◽  
Luana David do Carmo ◽  
Tamiris de Fátima Goebel de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Tumor Growth Inhibition ◽  
White Pulp

AbstractSulfated polysaccharides (SP) are a complex group of bioactive molecules able to inhibit tumor growth. SP increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce some side effects. Brown algae produce SP with several biological activities including antitumor. This work aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of SP from the brown algae Dictyota caribaea (Dc-SP). Dc-SP were extracted with proteolytic enzyme and supernatant was precipitated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. Antiproliferative activity of Dc-SP was tested by the MTT assay against colon cancer (HCT 116) and metastatic melanoma (B16-F10) cell lines. The antitumor effect was evaluated on Swiss mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 tumor and treated i.p. during 7 days with saline or Dc-SP (25 and 50 mg/kg/animal). Dc-SP did not exhibit cytotoxicity in vitro, however the Dc-SP-treated mice depicted up to 50% tumor growth inhibition. Dc-SP treatment induced spleen weight increasing along with intense white pulp disorganization. Furthermore Dc-SP did not depict hepatic toxicity, nephrotoxicity nor leukopenia and did induce increase of platelets count. Altogether, these results represent a promising antitumor host dependent effect induced by Dc-SP.

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