scholarly journals Start-Up and Aeration Strategies for a Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Process in an SBR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yanhong Zhao ◽  
Zhengqun Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Canon Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

The start-up and performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via nitrite (CANON) process were examined in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with intermittent aeration. Initially, partial nitrification was established, and then the DO concentration was lowered further, surplus water in the SBR with high nitrite was replaced with tap water, and continuous aeration mode was turned into intermittent aeration mode, while the removal of total nitrogen was still weak. However, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency and nitrogen removal loading reached 83.07% and 0.422 kgN/(m3·d), respectively, 14 days after inoculating 0.15 g of CANON biofilm biomass into the SBR. The aggregates formed in SBR were the mixture of activated sludge and granular sludge; the volume ratio of floc and granular sludge was 7 : 3. DNA analysis showed that Planctomycetes-like anammox bacteria and Nitrosomonas-like aerobic ammonium oxidization bacteria were dominant bacteria in the reactor. The influence of aeration strategies on CANON process was investigated using batch tests. The result showed that the strategy of alternating aeration (1 h) and nonaeration (1 h) was optimum, which can obtain almost the same TN removal efficiency as continuous aeration while reducing the energy consumption, inhibiting the activity of NOB, and enhancing the activity of AAOB.

Start-Up and Cultivation of A2N Denitrifying Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal System

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1454-1458
Author(s):  
Ming Fen Niu ◽  
Hong Jing Jiao ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Jian Wei
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Removal System

A2N is two-sludge system, by using the method that first bringing up the cultivation of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and nitrification biofilm separately then connecting them, which can start up A2N system successfully. Nitrification biofilm was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After 30 days, NH4+-N effluent concentration steadily stayed below 0.5mg·L-1.In another SBR, the activated sludge for the enrichment of DPB is from the anaerobic tank, which was firstly operated under anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) condition. After 20 days, PAOs was successfully enriched. Then, the activated sludge was conducted under anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) condition, maintaining the anaerobic time, gradually increased anoxic time and induced aerobic time. After 30 days DPB was successfully enriched, two phases totally take 50 days. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen and phosphorus are above 85 % and 95 %, so that A2N system was started up successfully.

Model-based evaluation of COD influence on a partial nitrification-Anammox biofilm (CANON) process

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-D. Hao ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Heterotrophic Growth ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Canon Process

A model evaluating COD influence on a partial nitrification-Anammox biofilm process is integrated on the basis of heterotrophic growth as described in ASM3, combined with a previously published model for the CANON process. This integrated model can simulate the activities of heterotrophs and autotrophs involved in a biofilm, and interactions between COD oxidation, denitrification, nitrification and Anammox can be evaluated. Simulations indicate that COD in the influent has no important influence on the trends in the partial nitrification-Anammox biofilm process. Besides full COD removal, a total nitrogen removal efficiency of about 90% can be expected for stable biofilm systems. Furthermore, Anammox is a major contributor to the total nitrogen removal in stable biofilm systems and conventional denitrification only takes a share of <20% in the total nitrogen removal.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal and microbial communities of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) at different inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079
Author(s):  
Caimeng Wang ◽  
Lirong Lei ◽  
Fangrui Cai ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Canon Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Abstract In this study, the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was initiated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Then the reactor was operated under different IC/N ratios. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE) at IC/N ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 were 37.0 ± 11.0%, 58.9 ± 10.2%, 73.9 ± 3.2%, 73.6 ± 1.8% and 72.6 ± 2.0%, respectively. The suitable range of IC/N ratio in this research is 1.25–2.0. The poor nitrogen removal performance at IC/N ratio of 0.75 was due to the lack of growth substrate for AnAOB and low pH simultaneously; at IC/N ratio of 1.0 this was because the substrate concentration was insufficient for fully recovering the AnAOB activities. Microbial analysis indicated that Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Candidatus Brocadia were the main ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB), respectively. In addition, at IC ratios of 1.25 or higher, denitrification was promoted with the rise of IC/N ratio, which might be because the change of IC concentrations caused cell lysis of microorganisms and provided organic matter for denitrification.

High rate nitrogen removal by the CANON process at ambient temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Jiachun Yang ◽  
Daisuke Hira ◽  
Kenji Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Canon Process

Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) is a cost-effective nitrogen removal process. Implementation of the CANON process relies on the cooperation of ammonium-oxidizing and Anammox bacteria, as well as the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Strict limitations on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the reactor, and the addition of sufficient inorganic carbon in the influent, were adopted as the main operational strategies. The reactor was fed with synthetic inorganic wastewater composed mainly of NH4+-N, and operated for 106 days. Stable nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of around 1.4 kg N m−3 d−1 were obtained at ambient temperature. Morphological characteristics and analysis of bacterial community confirmed the formation of functional outer aerobic and inner anaerobic granular sludge, providing evidence of stable nitrogen removal.

scholarly journals Start-Up, Modelling and Simulation of the Anammox Process in a Membrane Bioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Cema ◽  
Adam Sochacki ◽  
Jakub Kubiatowicz ◽  
Piotr Gutwiński ◽  
Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Anammox Process

There are certain well-known methods of diminishing concentrations of nitrogen compounds, but they are ineffective in case of nitrogen-rich wastewater with a low content of biodegradable carbon. Partial nitritation followed by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process appear to be an excellent alternative for traditional nitrification and denitrification. This paper presents the feasibility of successful start-up of Anammox process in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). It was shown that the combination of membrane technology and Anammox process allowed to create a new highly efficient and compact system for nitrogen removal. It was possible to achieve average nitrogen removal efficiency equal to 76.7 ± 8.3%. It was shown that the start-up period of 6 months was needed to obtain high nitrogen removal efficiency. The applied biochemical model of the Anammox process was based on the state-of-the-art Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM 1) which was modified for accounting activity of autotrophs (nitrite-oxidising bacteria and nitrateoxidising bacteria) and anammox bacteria. In order to increase the predictive power of the simulation selected parameters of the model were adjusted during model calibration. Readjustment of the model parameters based on the critically evaluated data of the reactor resulted in a satisfactory match between the model predictions and the actual observations.

Autotrophic nitrogen removal at low temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vázquez-Padín ◽  
I. Fernández ◽  
N. Morales ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
A. Mosquera-Corral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Canon Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

In this work the autotrophic nitrogen removal was carried out at moderately low temperatures using two configurations: a) two-units one comprising a SHARON reactor coupled to an Anammox SBR and b) single-unit one consisting of a granular SBR performing the CANON process. At 20°C the two-units system was limited by the Anammox step and its nitrogen removal capacity was around ten times lower than the CANON system (0.08 g N/(L d) versus 1 g N/(L d)). When the CANON system was operated at 15°C the average removed nitrogen loading rate decreased to 0.2 g N/(L d). The CANON system was operated in order to limit the ammonia oxidation rate to avoid nitrite inhibition of Anammox bacteria. Since both, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration regulate ammonia oxidizing bacteria activity, once the temperature of the reactor is decreased the DO concentration must be decreased to avoid the deeper oxygen penetration inside the granule which could cause inhibition of Anammox bacteria by oxygen and/or nitrite.

scholarly journals Start-up Strategies for Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) in In-Situ Nitrogen Removal from Polluted Groundwater in Rare Earth Mining Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4591
Author(s):  
Shuanglei Huang ◽  
Daishe Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity

The tremendous input of ammonium and rare earth element (REE) ions released by the enormous consumption of (NH4)2SO4 in in situ leaching for ion-adsorption RE mining caused serious ground and surface water contamination. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was a sustainable in situ technology that can reduce this nitrogen pollution. In this research, in situ, semi in situ, and ex situ method of inoculation that included low-concentration (0.02 mg·L−1) and high-concentration (0.10 mg·L−1) lanthanum (La)(III) were adopted to explore effective start-up strategies for starting up anammox reactors seeded with activated sludge and anammox sludge. The reactors were refrigerated for 30 days at 4 °C to investigate the effects of La(III) during a period of low-temperature. The results showed that the in situ and semi in situ enrichment strategies with the addition of La(III) at a low-concentration La(III) addition (0.02 mg·L−1) reduced the length of time required to reactivate the sludge until it reached a state of stable anammox activity and high nitrogen removal efficiency by 60–71 days. The addition of La(III) promoted the formation of sludge floc with a compact structure that enabled it to resist the adverse effects of low temperature and so to maintain a high abundance of AnAOB and microbacterial community diversity of sludge during refrigeration period. The addition of La(III) at a high concentration caused the cellular percentage of AnAOB to decrease from 54.60 ± 6.19% to 17.35 ± 6.69% during the enrichment and reduced nitrogen removal efficiency to an unrecoverable level to post-refrigeration.

Performance and inhibition recovery of anammox reactors seeded with different types of sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Q. Ni ◽  
J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In order to study the performance, inhibition and recovery processes of different types of anammox sludge, three up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were inoculated with flocculent sludge, granular sludge, and cultured inactive methanogenic granules. During stable period, with nitrogen loading rates of 0.9–1.1 kg/m3/d, the total nitrogen removal efficiencies of these reactors averaged at 86.5%, 90.8% and 93.5%, respectively. The kinetics study indicated that the reactor seeded with cultured inactive methanogenic granules possessed the highest nitrogen removal potential, followed by the granular anammox reactor and the flocculent anammox reactor. The study suggested that a concentration as high as 988.3 mg NH4+-N/L and 484.4 mg NO2−-N/L could totally inhibit granular anammox bacteria and result in a inhibition of 50% flocculent anammox activity. In addition, reactors seeded with flocculent sludge and anammox granules could be fully recovered by decreasing their influent substrate concentrations. However, the decrease of influent substrate concentration for the reactor with cultured inactive methanogenic granules could only restore about 75% of its bacterial activity. In this study, anammox bacteria purity was the major factor to evaluate the recovery ability in comparison with sludge type. Free ammonia was a more appropriate indicator for the anammox recovery process compared to free nitric acid.

The effect and biological mechanism of granular sludge size on performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal system

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Ya-juan ◽  
Ji Jun-yuan ◽  
Zheng Ping ◽  
Wang Lan ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal System
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