Evaluation of the Sanitary Conditions of Head Meat, Esophagus, Diaphragm Meat, and Boning Scrap Processing

Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli counts are important hygiene indicators and may be pathogenic. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine microbiological contamination in head meat, the esophagus, diaphragm, and boning scraps and evaluate the hygienic conditions of the processing of these products. The Petrifilm® (3M) method for determining Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, and E. coli was applied for 104 samples. APHA, European Union, PAHO/WHO, and Brazil/MAPA recommendations were followed. Bleeding and skinning knives were contaminated with E. coli (61.5%). Regarding the meat cuts, 30.76% samples from head meat, the esophagus and the boning flap showed the presence of E. coli in counts up to 2 log CFU/g, while 15.3% of the diaphragm samples showed up to 1.85 log CFU/g. The analyzed comminuted meat was, therefore, shown to be contaminated with E. coli during processing, indicating that end-products from this raw material can offer biological risks.

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Microbiological quality and handling practices of ice served in selected downtown Toronto food premises

Environmental Health Review ◽

10.5864/d2016-017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luckrezia Awuor ◽

Sylvanus Thompson ◽

Brian Thompson ◽

Eric N. Liberda ◽

Richard Meldrum

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Customer Service ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

E Coli ◽

Service Areas ◽

Handling Practices

Consumable ice presents a potential hazard due to microbiological contamination. To investigate the microbiological quality and handling practices of ice served in selected food premises in downtown Toronto, Ontario, 64 ice samples were collected from 40 food establishments. The ice samples were tested for the presence/absence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Five samples (7.8%) tested positive for total coliforms, all of which were sampled from the customer service areas. None of the ice samples tested positive for E. coli. A visual inspection was carried out to determine general ice handling practices in the food premises sampled. Of the 40 premises sampled, 14 (35%) had dirty ice holding/storage equipment, 13 (32.5%) had inappropriately stored scoops, and 6 (15%) had visible biofilm on the ice machines. In 15 (37.5%) premises, the ice was uncovered when not in use and 4 (10%) premises had food safety violations relating to the inability to protect food from contamination. The presence of total coliforms and the lack of proper ice handling practices among several food premises suggest that consumable ice served in downtown Toronto food premises may present a potential hazard.

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Growth of Escherichia coli in a pulp and cardboard mill

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-091 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 541-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Maarit Niemi ◽

Seppo Niemelä ◽

Juha Mentu ◽

Anja Siitonen

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

E Coli

The coliform flora of a pulp and cardboard mill that uses birch as the raw material and ammonium sulphate as the process chemical was studied. Escherichia coli was observed to multiply in the mill. It persisted as the dominant thermotolerant coliform in the effluent. Klebsiellae were encountered among total coliforms only. The E. coli strains isolated had the biochemical characteristics and maximum growth temperatures typical to the species. However, serotyping and hemolysin test differentiated these strains from pathogenic and fecal E. coli.

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Bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in experimentally inoculated sheep

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas08083 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 285-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S J Bach ◽

R P Johnson ◽

K. Stanford ◽

T A McAllister

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

E Coli ◽

Oral Inoculation ◽

Experimental Treatments ◽

And Control

Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms

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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli W for isobutanol production on chemically defined medium and cheese whey as alternative raw material

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s10295-020-02319-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1117-1132

Author(s):

Katharina Novak ◽

Juliane Baar ◽

Philipp Freitag ◽

Stefan Pflügl

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cheese Whey ◽

Strain Improvement ◽

Defined Medium ◽

Raw Material ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Substrate Uptake ◽

Chemically Defined Medium ◽

E Coli ◽

Plasmid Library

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish isobutanol production on chemically defined medium in Escherichia coli. By individually expressing each gene of the pathway, we constructed a plasmid library for isobutanol production. Strain screening on chemically defined medium showed successful production in the robust E. coli W strain, and expression vector IB 4 was selected as the most promising construct due to its high isobutanol yields and efficient substrate uptake. The investigation of different aeration strategies in combination with strain improvement and the implementation of a pulsed fed-batch were key for the development of an efficient production process. E. coli W ΔldhA ΔadhE Δpta ΔfrdA enabled aerobic isobutanol production at 38% of the theoretical maximum. Use of cheese whey as raw material resulted in longer process stability, which allowed production of 20 g l−1 isobutanol. Demonstrating isobutanol production on both chemically defined medium and a residual waste stream, this study provides valuable information for further development of industrially relevant isobutanol production processes.

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Performance of three pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands for total coliforms and Escherichia coli removal from primary effluent – a 2-year study in a subtropical climate

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2014.135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 446-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Florentina Zurita ◽

Alejandra Carreón-Álvarez

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

World Health ◽

First Year ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

E Coli ◽

Stage System ◽

Health Organization

Three pilot-scale two-stage hybrid constructed wetlands were evaluated in order to compare their efficiency for total coliforms (TCol) and Escherichia coli removal and to analyze their performances in two 1-year periods of experimentation. System I consisted of a horizontal flow (HF) constructed wetland (CW) followed by a stabilization pond. System II was also configured with a HF CW as a first stage which was then followed by a vertical flow (VF) CW as a second stage. System III was configured with a VF CW followed by a HF CW. In the first year of evaluation, the HF–VF system was the most effective for TCol removal (p < 0.05) and achieved a reduction of 2.2 log units. With regard to E. coli removal, the HF–VF and VF–HF systems were the most effective (p < 0.05) with average reductions of 3.2 and 3.8 log units, respectively. In the second year, the most effective were those with a VF component for both TCol and E. coli which underwent average reductions of 2.34–2.44 and 3.44–3.74 log units, respectively. The reduction achieved in E. coli densities, in both years, satisfy the World Health Organization guidelines that require a 3–4 log unit pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment systems.

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Microbiologia de Linguiças Caseiras in natura, Refrigeradas, Assadas e Congeladas

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2019v23n1p67-69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Lourena Paz Soares Nunes ◽

Francisco Das Chagas Cardoso Filho ◽

Mikaela Lopes de Caldas ◽

Lidiane Mota Martins ◽

Lailana Da Paz Soares Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

National Standards ◽

Food Microbiology ◽

The Other ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Pork Sausage ◽

E Coli ◽

Sanitary Conditions ◽

Butcher Shops

A linguiça caseira é bem aceita e comercializada em todo Brasil. Mesmo pronta para o consumo, pode apresentar alguns micro-organismos patogênicos, caracterizando possível falha no seu controle higiênico-sanitário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo averiguar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias em linguiças caseiras comercializadas em Teresina, PI, e verificar as temperaturas necessárias para inativação da microbiota existente nas linguiças. Foram utilizados dez açougues de Teresina-PI, que comercializam linguiça suína caseira, recolhendo-se amostras de 400 gramas de cada e as transportando até o Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos do NUEPPA/CCA/UFPI, no qual se realizaram as seguintes análises: bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas, psicrófilas, coliformes a 37 ºC e E. coli. As linguiças caseiras analisadas estavam de acordo com os padrões nacionais vigentes, sendo que para E.coli 10,0% das amostras apresentaram valores elevados, porém não existe parâmetro para essa bactéria. Conclui-se que a linguiça "in natura" obteve os maiores índices de coliformes, E. coli, mesófilas e psicrófilas com relação aos demais tratamentos. A refrigeração doméstica não inibiu o crescimento de coliformes, E. coli, mesófilas e psicrófilas. A cocção reduz as contagens bacteriológicas, entretanto, não inativava as bactérias. O congelamento por seis meses, inativa a E.coli e as psicrófilas e reduz a contagem de mesófilas e coliformes. Palavras-chave: Coliformes. Escherichia coli. Mesófilos. Psicrófilos. AbstratHomemade sausage is well accepted and sold in Brazil. Even ready for consumption, can present some pathogenic microorganisms, characterizing possible failure in its hygienic-sanitary control. This study aimed to investigate the hygienic and sanitary conditions in homemade sausages commercialized in Teresina, PI, and check the temperatures required to inactivate the existing microbiota in sausages. 10 butcher shops were used in Teresina-PI that sell homemade pork sausage, collecting samples of 400 grams each and transported to the Food Microbiology Laboratory of NUEPPA / CCA / UFPI, where the following analysis was held: heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria, psichrophilic, coliforms at 37 ºC and E. coli. The homemade sausages were analyzed according to agreed national standards, and for E.coli 10.0% of the samples showed high values, however there is no parameter for this bacterium. The sausage "in natura" achieved the highest levels of coliforms, E. coli, mesophilic and psichrophilic with the other treatments. The domestic refrigeration did not inhibit the growth of coliforms, E. coli and mesophilic psichrophilic. The cooking reduces bacterial counts, though it does not inactive the bacteria. The six-month period freezing inactivates E.coli and psichrophilic and reduces the mesophilic and coliform count. Keywords: Coliforms. Escherichia Coli. Mesophilic. Psychrophiles

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Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Curd Cheese Sold in the Northeastern Region of South America

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/8173741 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamiles Barreto de Deus ◽

Ludmilla Santana Soares Barros ◽

Ricardo Mendes da Silva ◽

Wanessa Karine da Silva Lima ◽

Danuza das Virgens Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

South America ◽

Total Coliform ◽

E Coli ◽

Mold And Yeast ◽

Sanitary Conditions ◽

Microbiological Analyses ◽

Microbiological Data

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers’ sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged from 7,88 to 14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged from 2,80 to 3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged from 8,06 to 5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels from 3,24 to 4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged from 4,48 to 7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged from 2,96 to 5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated.

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Microbiological Conditions of Sheep Carcasses from Conventional or Inverted Dressing Processes†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-63.9.1291 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 1291-1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. O. GILL ◽

J. BRYANT ◽

D. A. BRERETON

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

The Other ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

E Coli

At a small abattoir, 25 sheep carcasses were dressed conventionally, with the carcass suspended by the rear legs, and 25 carcasses were dressed while inverted, with the carcasses suspended by the forelegs. Two swab samples were obtained from randomly selected sites on each carcass, and total aerobic, coliform, and Escherichia coli counts were enumerated for each sample. Each type of count was arranged in two sets of 25 counts for each type of dressing process, and a log mean number and/or log total number recovered was calculated for each set of counts. The log mean number of total aerobic counts for one set of counts from carcasses dressed while inverted was less than the corresponding log mean numbers for both sets from the conventionally dressed carcasses and the other set from the carcasses dressed while inverted, and differed from them by about 0.7 log units. The coliforms recovered from carcasses were largely E. coli. The log total numbers of coliform or E. coli counts recovered from carcasses dressed while inverted were about 1.5 log units less than the corresponding log total numbers recovered from conventionally dressed carcasses. Those data indicate that the substitution of inverted for conventional dressing might serve to reduce the numbers of E. coli on sheep carcasses by reducing the microbiological contamination of the hindquarters but that the general microbiological condition of the carcasses would be little improved unless some means of preventing or removing contamination of the forequarters was also used.

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Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli from beef and swine carcasses and the characterization of their genes

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/021840 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 275-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. М. Berhilevych ◽

V. V. Kasianchuk ◽

O. M. Deriabin ◽

M. D. Kukhtyn

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Raw Material ◽

Animal Origin ◽

E Coli ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Beef Carcasses ◽

Positive Isolate ◽

Stx1 Gene ◽

Beef Carcass

Escherichia coli is part of the normal microflora of the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals, but its presence in raw material and food of animal origin is considered as fecal contamination and can be very dangerous for consumers. The determination of the number of E. coli in raw material and food is important because among them can be pathogenic strains. The most dangerous strains are considered enterohemorrhagic E. coli as a causative agent of severe bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic uremic syndrome in humans through the production of Shiga-toxin, which is the main virulence factor, responsible for disease. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing strains of E. coli (STEC) from swabs of beef and swine carcass in slaughterhouses in Ukraine and characterize their genes, which are responsible for pathogenic properties. A total of 230 samples of swabs from beef (130) and swine (100) carcasses were obtained from 5 slaughterhouses in Ukraine between 2012 and 2015. Samples of swabs from carcasses were randomly selected at the final point of the process after the final washing of the carcass from the following areas: distal hind limb, abdomen (lateral and medial) from swine carcasses, brisket, flank and flank groin areas from beef carcasses. All samples were examined by culture-dependent method, after that each positive isolate of STEC was analyzed by multiplex PCR to detect the stx1, stx2, and eae genes. Out of 230 collected samples, seven (7.2%) were contaminated with STEC. The highest prevalence of STEC was found in swabs from beef carcasses (8.1%) in comparison to swabs from swine carcasses (5.7%). The stx1 gene was the predominant gene detected in all STEC positive samples. The eae gene was found in one of the examined isolates from beef carcass. Three isolates from swabs of beef carcass carried both stx1 and stx2 genes, one isolate showed association between stx1 and eae genes, one isolate was positive for stx1 gene only. In swabs from swine carcasses (2 isolates) stx1 and stx2 genes were presented simultaneously. The results of this study suggested that fresh raw meat could be a potential vehicle for transmission of the Shiga toxin-producing strain of E. coli to humans. This is the first report of STEC prevalence in beef and swine carcasses in Ukraine and these data will be valuable for microbiological risk assessment and help the appropriate services to develop strategies to mitigate health risk.

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Occurrence of Escherichia coli in captive psittaciformes: antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v21e-60433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Karine Louise Calaça ◽

Renato Clini Cervi ◽

Silvânia Andrade Reis ◽

Iolanda Aparecida Nunes ◽

Valéria de Sá Jayme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Serum Resistance ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Hygienic Conditions

Abstract Captive Psittaciformes may harbor Gram-negative bacteria in their digestive tract, mainly due to poor hygienic conditions and confinement. The present study was carried out with the objective of isolating and identifying Escherichia coli in samples collected from Psittaciformes cages in 50 commercial establishments in the metropolitan region of Goiania, with subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of virulence genes. A total of 141 samples of excreta and swab samples from feeders and water bowls were collected, totaling 423 samples. Escherichia coli was isolated from 9.7% (41/423) samples: 12% (17/141) in excreta, 8.5% (12/141) in feed, and 8.5% (12 /141) in waterers. To determine the susceptibility profile of E. coli isolates, resistance to ciprofloxacin 4.9% (2/41), gentamicin 17.0% (7/41), doxycycline 34.1% (14/41), florfenicol 34.1% (14/41), trimethoprim 39.0% (16/41), tetracycline 41.5% (17/41), enrofloxacin 43.9% (18/41), amoxicillin 48.8% (20/41), neomycin 61.0% (25/41), and sulfonamide 90.2% (37/41) was determined. In 20 isolates, resistance was determined at 4 or more antimicrobials, seven of excreta (7/17), five of feed (5/12), and eight of waterers (8/12). One of the isolates from the waterers showed resistance to all antimicrobials. The iss gene was detected in three isolates, the tsh gene in three, the papC gene in two, traT and eae genes were not detected. In this study, it can be concluded that Psittaciformes commercialized as pet are carry E. coli isolates resistant to most commonly used antimicrobials, mainly sulfonamides and neomycin, besides having virulence and serum resistance genes, which highlights the possibility of the to cause disease in humans.

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