scholarly journals Experimental Gait Analysis to Study Stress Distribution of the Human Foot

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya K. Nandikolla ◽  
Robin Bochen ◽  
Steven Meza ◽  
Allan Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Pressure Peak

Researchers and clinicians are increasingly using plantar pressure and force measurement system to evaluate foot functions. This research evaluates the quality and reliability of a Tekscan HR mat to study the plantar pressures and forces acting during walking, running, jumping, and standing of healthy subjects. The following regions of the foot were investigated: heel, mid foot, metatarsophalangeal joint, hallux, and the toes. The arches of both feet of the three healthy subjects in the gait analysis were presented which addresses the balancing issues of the body during locomotion. The results indicated that the peaks at the big toe (79.4 ± 8.5 N/cm2, p = 0.0001) were the maximum compared to forefoot (40.3 ± 3.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), to midfoot (7.5 ± 1.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), and to heel (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) for jump activity. The running activity demonstrated similar results as jump where the maximum peak pressures were absorbed at the big toe region. The heel region during running (86.3 ± 12.6 N/cm2, p = 0.001) showed three times the pressure peak compared to the jump land (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) activity. The measurement system proved to be highly capable of detecting heel strike and toe-off moments.

Measures of dynamic balance during level walking in healthy adult subjects: Relationship with age, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lencioni ◽  
Ilaria Carpinella ◽  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Davide Cattaneo ◽  
Maurizio Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The maintenance of balance in dynamic conditions (e.g. during walking) is a necessary requirement that motor control must reach to avoid falls. However, this is a challenging situation, since to ensure the forward progression of the body, the center of mass must stay outside the base of support in the sagittal plane, and simultaneously remain inside the lateral borders in the frontal plane. Deviation from normative data of healthy subjects in dynamic balance could be used to quantify gait stability, fall risk and to provide hints for rehabilitation. However, normative data can be influenced by age, sex, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters, and such differences among subjects and leg side can hamper accurate assessment. The aims of this study were to investigate, in a group of healthy subjects: (1) possible asymmetry in dynamic balance maintenance strategies between leg sides, (2) the influence of age, sex and anthropometry on stability and (3) its dependence by spatio-temporal gait parameters. A total of 34 healthy subjects aged between 21 and 71 years, and ranging from 50.1 to 101.6 kg of body mass and from 155.0 to 188.9 cm of height were assessed on spatio-temporal and dynamic balance parameters (Foot Placement Estimator at heel strike and Margin of Stability at mid-stance) during self-selected gait. No parameter showed differences between legs. Dynamic balance parameters were influenced by sex, age, body mass and height mainly in the frontal plane. These measures were also correlated with gait speed and stride length both in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. In addition also cadence and step width influenced the stability in the sagittal and frontal planes, respectively. The findings of this study confirm the symmetry in motor control of dynamic balance during self-selected gait in healthy subjects. Sex, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters have a significant effect on stability parameters, and this should be taken into account in dynamic balance studies.

scholarly journals Low-cost piezoelectric footswitch system for measuring temporal parameters during walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Balbinot ◽  
Clarissa Pedrini Schuch ◽  
Milton Antonio Zaro ◽  
Marco Aur�lio Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries

Human walking is one of the most investigated biomechanical events, and gait analysis depends on accurate measurement of heel strike (HS) and toe off (TO). The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a low-cost footswitch system for the measurement of temporal gait parameters. Ten young healthy subjects participated of the validation and test of the footswitch system with two different footwear, Bland-Altman analysis showed 98% and 95% of validation data within the limits of agreement, for HS and TO respectively (mean difference of 16ms1ms and 20ms9ms) and the temporal parameters measured during treadmill walking at a speed of 4.5km.h-1 showed results similar to those found in the literature for normal walking. The outcomes confirm low CoVs for the instrumented athletic and instability shoe, respectively: (1.520.61)% and (1.900.73)% for contact time, (2.170.95)% and (2.570.95)% for balance time, (0.840.28)% and (1.120.53)% for stride time. The low-cost footswitch system described and validated in the present study has an important practical applicability, mostly for emerging and developing countries biomechanics labs. Keywords: Footswitch System, Gait Analysis, Locomotion, Low-Cost, Walk.

Three Dimensional Gait Assessment During Walking of Healthy People and Drop Foot Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Banga ◽  
R.M. Belokar ◽  
Sandip Dhole ◽  
Parveen Kalra ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Animal Locomotion

The aim of the present study is to clinical gait analysis of normal human and drop foot patients. Gait analysis is the systematic study of <a title="Animal locomotion" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_locomotion">animal locomotion</a>, more specifically the study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by <a title="Instrumentation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation">instrumentation</a> for measuring body movements, <a title="Biomechanics" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanics">body mechanics</a>, and the activity of the muscles. Gait analysis is used to assess, plan, and treat individuals with conditions affecting their ability to walk. Foot drop is a deceptively simple name for a potentially complex problem. It can be defined as a significant weakness of ankle and toe dorsiflexion. The foot and ankle dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus (EHL), and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). These muscles help the body clear the foot during the swing phase and control plantar flexion of the foot at heel strike

scholarly journals Evaluating the Accuracy of Virtual Reality Trackers for Computing Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Guaitolini ◽  
Fitsum E. Petros ◽  
Antonio Prado ◽  
Angelo M. Sabatini ◽  
Sunil K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Virtual Reality System ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Gait Features

Ageing, disease, and injuries result in movement defects that affect daily life. Gait analysis is a vital tool for understanding and evaluating these movement dysfunctions. In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) to observe motion and offer augmented clinical care has increased. Although VR-based methodologies have shown benefits in improving gait functions, their validity against more traditional methods (e.g., cameras or instrumented walkways) is yet to be established. In this work, we propose a procedure aimed at testing the accuracy and viability of a VIVE Virtual Reality system for gait analysis. Seven young healthy subjects were asked to walk along an instrumented walkway while wearing VR trackers. Heel strike (HS) and toe off (TO) events were assessed using the VIVE system and the instrumented walkway, along with stride length (SL), stride time (ST), stride width (SW), stride velocity (SV), and stance/swing percentage (STC, SWC%). Results from the VR were compared with the instrumented walkway in terms of detection offset for time events and root mean square error (RMSE) for gait features. An absolute offset between VR- and walkway-based data of (15.3 ± 12.8) ms for HS, (17.6 ± 14.8) ms for TOs and an RMSE of 2.6 cm for SW, 2.0 cm for SL, 17.4 ms for ST, 2.2 m/s for SV, and 2.1% for stance and swing percentage were obtained. Our findings show VR-based systems can accurately monitor gait while also offering new perspectives for VR augmented analysis.

scholarly journals An fMRI-compatible force measurement system for the evaluation of the neural correlates of step initiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cristina de Lima-Pardini ◽  
Raymundo Machado de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Daniel Boari Coelho ◽  
Catarina Costa Boffino ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Step Initiation ◽  
Force Measurement System

scholarly journals Wearable Sensor-Based Real-Time Gait Detection: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727
Author(s):  
Hari Prasanth ◽  
Miroslav Caban ◽  
Urs Keller ◽  
Grégoire Courtine ◽  
Auke Ijspeert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Pathological Gait

Gait analysis has traditionally been carried out in a laboratory environment using expensive equipment, but, recently, reliable, affordable, and wearable sensors have enabled integration into clinical applications as well as use during activities of daily living. Real-time gait analysis is key to the development of gait rehabilitation techniques and assistive devices such as neuroprostheses. This article presents a systematic review of wearable sensors and techniques used in real-time gait analysis, and their application to pathological gait. From four major scientific databases, we identified 1262 articles of which 113 were analyzed in full-text. We found that heel strike and toe off are the most sought-after gait events. Inertial measurement units (IMU) are the most widely used wearable sensors and the shank and foot are the preferred placements. Insole pressure sensors are the most common sensors for ground-truth validation for IMU-based gait detection. Rule-based techniques relying on threshold or peak detection are the most widely used gait detection method. The heterogeneity of evaluation criteria prevented quantitative performance comparison of all methods. Although most studies predicted that the proposed methods would work on pathological gait, less than one third were validated on such data. Clinical applications of gait detection algorithms were considered, and we recommend a combination of IMU and rule-based methods as an optimal solution.

Design and Development on Piezoelectric Ceramic Type Insole 3D Force Measurement System Based on LabVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Ye Min Guo ◽  
Lan Mei Wang ◽  
Rui Yong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Lab View ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Force Measurement System

According to the requirements of measurement of plantar pressure and shear stress in the meantime, this thesis puts forward a plan to construct a new insole plantar pressure and shear stress system based on multifunction data acquisition modular and Lab VIEW. Then the hardware part and software part are designed and developed respectively. There are 3 sensors are arrayed at each measurement point, that means 3 sensors are assembled in 3 different directions of X,Y and Z . The piezoelectric ceramic type sensors are designed, manufactured and calibrated according to scientific methods. Meanwhile, the DAQ card is selected carefully. Of course, the software part is developed based on Lab VIEW. A series of tests are performed in order to validate the function of the measurement system. The results satisfy the anticipated design requirements. At last, the problems and application trend of the measurement system are predicted.

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