scholarly journals Overexpression ofCaAPXInduces Orchestrated Reactive Oxygen Scavenging and Enhances Cold and Heat Tolerances in Tobacco

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangying Wang ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Hengfu Yin ◽  
Zhengqi Fan ◽  
Xinlei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) acts indispensably in synthesizing L-ascorbate (AsA) which is pivotal to plant stress tolerance by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced activity of APX has been shown to be a key step for genetic engineering of improving plant tolerance. However it needs a deeper understanding on the maintenance of cellular ROS homeostasis in response to stress. In this study, we identified and characterized anAPX(CaAPX) gene fromCamellia azalea. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed thatCaAPXwas expressed in all tissues and peaked in immature green fruits; the expression levels were significantly upregulated upon cold and hot stresses. Transgenic plants displayed marked enhancements of tolerance under both cold and heat treatments, and plant growth was correlated withCaAPXexpression levels. Furthermore, we monitored the activities of several ROS-scavenging enzymes includingCu/Zn-SOD,CAT,DHAR, andMDHAR, and we showed that stress tolerance was synchronized with elevated activities of ROS-scavenging. Moreover, gene expression analysis of ROS-scavenging enzymes revealed a role ofCaAPXto orchestrate ROS signaling in response to temperature stresses. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive characterization of cellular response related toCaAPXexpression and provides insights to breed crops with high temperature tolerances.

scholarly journals The Biochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Armando Massange-Sánchez ◽  
Carla Vanessa Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera ◽  
Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide and affects plant growth, reproduction, and crop yields by inducing physiological and biochemical changes due to osmotic and ionic shifts in plant cells. One of the principal modifications caused by osmotic stress is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause membrane damage and alter proteins, DNA structures, and photosynthetic processes. In response, plants increase their arsenal of antioxidant compounds, such as ROS scavenging enzymes and nonenzymatic elements like ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids, tocopherols, and carotenoids, and their rates of osmolyte synthesis to conserve ion homeostasis and manage salt stress. This chapter describes the principal biochemical mechanisms that are employed by plants to survive under salt-stress conditions, including the most recent research regarding plant tolerance, and suggests strategies to produce valuable crops that are able to deal with soil salinity.

scholarly journals Phylogenetics of Molecular Regulators Contributing to Plant Stress Tolerance

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Yan Bao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

Genetic studies on model plants and crops in the last few decades have uncovered numerous genes that play vital roles in plant tolerance to adverse environments. These genes could be used as targets for genetic engineering to improve plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing have accelerated modern plant breeding and wild-species domestication. However, the stress regulators in many crops and horticultural cultivars and their wild species remain largely unexplored. Thus, transferring the accumulated knowledge of these molecular regulators from model plants to a wider range of other species is critical for modern plant breeding. Phylogenetic analysis is one of the powerful strategies for studying the functional conservation and diversity of homologous gene families among different species with complete genome sequences available. In addition, many transcriptome datasets of plants under stress conditions have been publicly released, providing a useful resource for addressing the stress response of given gene families. This Special Issue aims to illustrate the phylogenetics of molecular regulators with potential in contributing to plant stress tolerance and their stress response diversity in multiple non-model plants.

Molecular mechanisms accompanying nitric oxide signalling through tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of proteins in plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Jain ◽  
Satish C. Bhatla
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tyrosine Nitration ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes

Nitric oxide (NO) signalling in plants is responsible for modulation of a variety of plant developmental processes. Depending on the tissue system, the signalling of NO-modulated biochemical responses majorly involves the processes of tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of specific proteins/enzymes. It has further been observed that there is a significant impact of various biotic/abiotic stress conditions on the extent of tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of various metabolic enzymes, which may act as a positive or negative modulator of the specific routes associated with adaptive mechanisms employed by plants under the said stress conditions. In addition to recent findings on the modulation of enzymes of primary metabolism by NO through these two biochemical mechanisms, a major mechanism for regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions has also been found to be through tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Recent investigations have further highlighted the differential manner in which the ROS-scavenging enzymes may be S-nitrosylated and tyrosine nitrated, with reference to their tissue distribution. Keeping in mind the very recent findings on these aspects, the present review has been prepared to provide an analytical view on the significance of protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation in plant development.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Reductase Are Crucial for Endophytic Colonization of Rice Roots by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Alquéres ◽  
Carlos Meneses ◽  
Luc Rouws ◽  
Michael Rothballer ◽  
Ivo Baldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Endophytic Colonization ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is an aerobic diazotrophic plant-growth-promoting bacterium isolated from different gramineous plants. We showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced at early stages of rice root colonization, a typical plant defense response against pathogens. The transcription of the pathogen-related-10 gene of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway but not of the PR-1 gene of the salicylic acid pathway was activated by the endophytic colonization of rice roots by G. diazotrophicus strain PAL5. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that, at early stages of colonization, the bacteria upregulated the transcript levels of ROS-detoxifying genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). To proof the role of ROS-scavenging enzymes in the colonization and interaction process, transposon insertion mutants of the SOD and GR genes of strain PAL5 were constructed. The SOD and GR mutants were unable to efficiently colonize the roots, indicated by the decrease of tightly root-associated bacterial cell counts and endophytic colonization and by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Interestingly, the mutants did not induce the PR-10 of the JA-pathway, probably due to the inability of endophytic colonization. Thus, ROS-scavenging enzymes of G. diazotrophicus strain PAL5 play an important role in the endophytic colonization of rice plants.

scholarly journals Drought sensitive maize inbred shows more oxidative damage and higher ROS scavenging enzymes, but not glyoxalases than a tolerant one at seedling stage

Plant Omics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Motiar Rohman ◽  
◽  
Shahnewaz Begum ◽  
M.Z.A. Talukder ◽  
Afsana Hoque Akhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes
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