scholarly journals Effect of Organic Mulching on Soil Moisture, Yield, and Yield Contributing Components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goitom Teame ◽  
Alemtsahay Tsegay ◽  
Berhanu Abrha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Foreign Exchange Earning ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Oil Crops

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the chief foreign exchange earning oil crops in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to lack of appropriate agronomic practices. The aim of this research was to study the effect of organic mulches on sesame productivity and in situ moisture conservation. This experiment was carried out in Humera Agricultural Research Center, Western Tigray, during 2015 growing season. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There were four types of organic mulches; rice straw, sorghum straw, sesame straw, and Sudan grass were compared with control. Sesame, variety Setit-1 was used in the experiment. The organic mulching rate of application was 10 ton ha−1and this was applied evenly to the soil immediately after germination. Soil water content, phonological characteristics yield, and yield components of sesame were collected. The analyzed results indicated that organic mulching had significant effect on soil moisture content at 0–0.2 m, 0.21–0.4 m, and 0.41–0.6 m in every two-week interval after sowing and grain yield of sesame. Sesame straw conserved highest soil moisture content as compared with respective mulch material. The highest yield (664 kg ha−1) was recorded with Sudan grass while the lowest grain yield (190 kg ha−1) was recorded with no mulch.

scholarly journals Draft Requirement of Two Animal - Drawn Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Weeders

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Y. A. Unguwanrimi ◽  
A. M. Sada ◽  
G. N. Ugama ◽  
H. S. Garuba ◽  
A. Ugoani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Loam Soil

Draft requirements of two animal – drawn (IAR) weeders operating on loam soil were determined in the study. The implements include a straddle row weeder and an emcot attached rotary weeder evaluated under the same soil conditions, using a pair of white Fulani breed of oxen. The animal draft requirement was first estimated from the animal ergonomics measurements. Using area of 0.054 hectare as experimental plot for each implement the draft requirement of each implement was investigated after taking soil samples for soil moisture content and bulk density determinations. The implements tested showed variation in their average draft requirement. The straddle row weeder had the highest value of 338.15 N respectively while the emcot attached rotary weeder had the lowest value of 188.12 N with 47.03%, respectively. The average soil moisture contents and bulk density were 13.0% and 1.46%/cm3, respectively.

The influence of seed pre-treatments and soil conditions on the emergence of sesame seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Day
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Poor and uneven emergence of seedlings decreases the efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed production. In a glasshouse study, seedling emergence was reduced by low soil moisture content (less than 20%, w/v) and by waterlogging (common in soils with small soil particles). Watering events that failed to raise soil moisture content above 20% caused most seeds to germinate (more than than 80%), but only some of these seeds emerged from the soil (less than 50%). Gibberellic acid pre-treatment of seeds (50 or 1000 mg/L) failed to improve emergence of seeds from soils with an initial soil moisture content less than 20%. This result supports previous reports suggesting that gibberellic acid treatment does not influence seedling emergence, and may only be useful to overcome seed dormancy in those sesame varieties where dormancy is a problem. For maximum emergence it is recommended that sesame seeds be sown in non-waterlogged soils and that soil moisture content be maintained above 20% for a number of days after sowing.

scholarly journals Florida Watermelon Production Affected by Water and Nutrient Management

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Hendricks ◽  
Sanjay Shukla ◽  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Thomas A. Obreza ◽  
Fritz M. Roka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total N

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production is concentrated in southern Florida where growers often use seepage irrigation. According to a recent survey, growers believe that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) rates recommended by the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS) are low. A study was conducted during Spring 2004 and 2005 at a UF-IFAS research farm to compare three nutrient and water management systems: high rate [HR (265, 74, and 381 lb/acre N, P, and K, respectively)], recommended rate [RR (150, 44, and 125 lb/acre N, P, and K, respectively)], and recommended rate with subsurface irrigation (RR-S). Irrigation was managed to keep soil moisture content at 16% to 20% for HR and 8% to 12% for RR and RR-S. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications and three subsample areas within each 0.25-acre plot. The HR management approach produced ≈60% to 80% higher yields (cwt/acre) during 2005 than RR or RR-S. The HR treatment produced larger watermelons than RR or RR-S in 2005. Triploid watermelon prices had to be at least $3.74/cwt to cover all costs associated with HR. The HR approach increased the grower net returns by $590/acre and $1764/acre under conservative and higher yield and price expectations, respectively. Soluble solids content and hollowheart ratings were unaffected by treatment. Total biomass, recorded during 2005, followed a similar trend as yield, with HR producing 105% and 125% greater total dry weight than RR and RR-S, respectively. Total N content of HR biomass was 56% higher than that of RR and RR-S. Total P content was 29% and 50% higher than that of RR and RR-S, respectively. Leaf and petiole tissue from the HR treatment exhibited consistently higher N and K leaf tissue values during 2005 than RR and RR-S. In conclusion, trends in the data consistently showed greater plant performance with higher rates of fertilizer and soil moisture content. Our ability to detect differences in 2005 was probably enhanced by higher rainfall during 2005 compared with 2004.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on root mass density, soil properties and their correlation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
MM Sarker ◽  
MA Matin ◽  
MG Hossain ◽  
MMR Sarker ◽  
MS Huda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Root Mass

An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh during the Aman season of 2008 to study the effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on the root mass density soil properties and their correlation on rice yield (BRRI dhan 41). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments were three tillage operations as factor A: one passing (P1), two passing (P2), and three passing (P3) of a power tiller and four fertilizer and manure treatments as factor B: recommended dose of fertilizers (FM0), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t/ha (FM1), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + rice straw @ 5 t/ha (FM2) and 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung @ 2.5 t/ha plus rice straw @ 2.5 t/ha (FM3). The highest and the lowest bulk densities were found in P1FM0 and P3FM treatments, respectively. The maximum soil moisture content and air filled porosity were obtained in P3FM1 treatment, whereas PM1FM0 demonstrated the lowest soil moisture content. The maximum (8.09 mg cm-3) and minimum (1.63 mg cm-3) root mass densities were observed in P3 (10 cm depth) and P1 (10-20 cm depth) treatments, respectively. The highest grain yield was recorded in P3FM0 treatment. Root mass density was positively correlated with soil moisture content and grain yield, but negatively with bulk density. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 529-535, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12129

scholarly journals PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
TOHARI TOHARI ◽  
DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Relative Water

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).<br />Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah peka<br />terhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebih<br />sering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehingga<br />dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,<br />Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)<br />dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />mengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor pada<br />tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.<br />Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,<br />Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat interval<br />penyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruh<br />cekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologi<br />tanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadar<br />lengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandungan<br />air nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,<br />konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,<br />sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakin<br />lamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 hari<br />sekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan respon<br />varietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakter<br />fisiologis.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that produces<br />patchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible to<br />drought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall pattern<br />caused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it is<br />important to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.<br />Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouli<br />which produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchouli<br />alcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluate<br />the physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.<br />The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor from<br />February to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorial<br />block design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was four<br />varieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, and<br />Bio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6<br />and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiological<br />characteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpiration<br />rate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content of<br />leaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,<br />transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf water<br />potential and proline levels increased along with the increase of watering<br />intervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days watering<br />treatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have not<br />different responses to water deficit.<br />Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiological<br />characteristics</p>

scholarly journals Mulch Effect on Growth and Yield of Vine Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Quamruzzaman ◽  
Ferdouse Islam ◽  
S. R. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fruit Number

An experiment was undertaken to identify the suitable mulch paper for different high value vegetables during the winter season of November 2019 to March 2020 at the research farm of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experiment was randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Three vegetables varieties viz., netted melon, watermelon, cucumber and 3 mulch treatments viz., T1=Silver over black mulch; T2= Black mulch; T3= No mulch were included in this study. Different vegetables responded differently with the changes of mulches irrespective of different characters. Considering relationship between the soil moisture content and fruit number it was clear that fruit number, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter was strongly related with soil moisture content. The effect of different plastic mulches on fruit weight per plant and yield (t/ha) were significant. Mulching produced higher fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare than for the control, indicating that the mulch had positive effect in generating increased fruit yield. Silver over black plastic mulch produced the highest fruit yield viz., 24.22 t/ha (cucumber), 26.37 t/ha (netted melon), 43.59 t/ha (watermelon) followed by black and no mulches. Obviously, control plot produced the lowest fruit yield.

scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Drought Management in Late-Shown Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Pramod Bhari ◽  
Shrawan K Sah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Post anthesis drought is common problem in late sown wheat, which reduces crop yield. A field experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur in 2005/06 to find out the effect of irrigation, seed rate and mulch on soil moisture content and productivity of late sown wheat. Irrigation applied at crown root initiation CRI and heading stage significantly increased moisture content at 80 days after sowing, grain filling period (GFP) and crop duration period (CDP), thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Higher seed rate was non significant on yield attributes and yield. Soil moisture content at 30, 80 and 95 days after sowing, vegetative growth period (VGP) and crop duration period, and grain yield were significantly higher in mulched plot than non mulched plot. Irrigation at reproductive stage and mulch were effective in increasing yield of late sown wheat.

scholarly journals The Effect of Some Primary Tillage Equipment on Performance Efficiency Under Two Level of Soil Moisture Content and Different Machinery Unit Speeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
Yasir A. Alsayyah ◽  
Hussein A. Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Drawbar Pull

A field experiment was conducted in the experiment fields of the college of agriculture - University of Baghdad – Abu Ghraib , 2016 in a silt clay loam soil , to Evaluate the effect of some primary tillage equipment and two of levels of soil moisture content in some of performance efficiency indicator for different forward speed , ArmaTrac 845e and ITM 285 New tractor with moldboard and chisel and sweep plow as a machinery unit have been used in this study . Two levels of soil Moisture content include (18 – 20 % ) and (14 – 16%) represented main plot , three types of plow ( moldboard , chisel and sweep) represent sub plot , five machinery speeds included ( 1.5 , 2.53 , 3.75 , 5.3 and 6.71 km.hr-1 ) represent sub plot , Slippage percentage (%) , fuel consumption (L.hr-1) , drawbar pull (KN) , Field capacity (he.hr-1) are have beenbeen measured in this study  . And the results have been analyzed by using the order of the spilt - spilt - plot with randomize complete block design with three replicates and tested by the way averages less significant difference and the level of probability of 0.05 . The results show that : the soil  moisture content ( 14 – 16 % ) has got a less value of slippage percentage % , fuel consumption L.hr-1 , drawbar pull Kn and higher field capacity ha.hr-1 , and sweep plow has got a less value of slippage percentage , fuel consumption and drawbar pull , and the chisel plow has got a higher field capacity , and when the tractor speed is increased it leads to aincrease in the slippage and fuel consumption and drawbar pull and field capacity will be anincrease .

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengolahan Tanah dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
I PUTU DHARMA ◽  
I NYOMAN PUJA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage

The Effect of Soil Tillages Frequency and Compost Fertilizer on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yields. The aims of this research is to determine of effect soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer on soil physical properties and corn yields. The method was used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), factorial consisting of two factors, namely: Soil Tillages Frequency (T) consists of 3 levels, namely: T0 = no tillage; T1 = if one time and T2 = if twice. Compost Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Without compost, K1 = 5 tons compost/ha and B2 = 10 tons compost/ha. Combination treatment into 9 treatments, namely T0K0 , T0K1, T0K2, T1K0, T1K1, T1K2, T2K0, T2K1, T2K2. and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 27 research plots.The results showed that the soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on the soil physical properties and corn yields. Twice soil tillage frequency resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yields respectively 1.01 g/cm3, 60.98%, 37.31% and 0.83 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with no tillage which is 1.03 g/cm3, 60.43%, 36.57% and 0.81 kg/m2. Addition of 10 tons compost/ha resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yield respectively 0.99 g/cm3, 61.75%, 38.21% and 0.86 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with without compost fertilizer which is 1.06 g/cm3, 59.40%, 36.44% and 0.80 kg/m2.

Calibration and modification of impedance probe for near surface soil moisture measurements

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Tsegaye ◽  
W. Tadesse ◽  
T. L. Coleman ◽  
T. J. Jackson ◽  
H. Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Impedance Probe

A reliable and low cost sensor that can measure soil moisture at or near the soil surface is currently not available. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the possibility of modifying an impedance probe (IP) to measure soil moisture content at a very shallow depth (2–5 cm); and (ii) to compare the soil moisture values obtained using the IP to the values obtained using the traditional gravimetric method. The research was conducted at the Winfred A. Thomas Agricultural Research Station (WTARS) Hazel Green, Alabama. The standard IP that is capable of measuring soil moisture content at 6-cm soil depth was modified to measure soil moisture at 2-, 3-, and 5-cm depths. Using a site and depth-specific calibration technique it provided results that were comparable to the values that were obtained following the traditional gravimetric water content determination protocol. We found that the instrument was very sensitive to changes in soil moisture content and has great potential as a replacement for the gravimetric technique. It allows repetitive measurements of soil moisture content at a very shallow depth with minimal soil disturbance. Fur thermore, the instrument is particularly valuable for providing ground- truth soil moisture contents to validate remotely sensed data. Key words: Soil moisture, remote sensing, impedance probe, ground-truth, validation

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document