scholarly journals Fraction n-Butanol of Radix Notoginseng Protects PC12 Cells from Aβ25–35-Induced Cytotoxicity and Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Aβ Accumulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Lan Huang ◽  
Ying-Qin Feng ◽  
Li-Ru Bai ◽  
Mei-Chun Qin ◽  
Zhe-Hao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Chinese medicine has been used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment for thousands of years with more effective and fewer side effects. Therefore, developing effective potential candidates from Chinese medicine against AD would be considered as critical and efficient therapy for AD treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the neuronal protective effect of fraction n-butanol (NB) of Radix Notoginseng on Aβ25–35-induced PC12 cells, explore the effect of the tested fraction on spatial learning and memory, and characterize the impacts of fraction NB on antioxidant enzymes, Aβ production, and APP and BACE1 expressions. The results revealed that fraction NB could promote proliferation of PC12 cells and protect and rescue PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced cell death. Moreover, fraction NB could improve spatial learning and memory impairments of senescence-accelerated prone8 (SAMP8) mice and attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the production of Aβ by inhibiting the expressions of APP and BACE1 in the brains of SAMP8 mice. The result of single dose acute toxicity assay showed that fraction NB had a mild toxicity in vivo. The pronounced actions against AD and in vivo low toxicity of fraction NB suggest that fraction NB may be a useful alternative to the current AD treatment.

scholarly journals Nrf2 Ablation Promotes Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: The Role of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Peng Ren ◽  
Jingwei Chen ◽  
Bingxuan Li ◽  
Mengzhou Zhang ◽  
Bei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the slow progressive deterioration of AD is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the brain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2), which acts through the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key regulator of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. Although recent data show a link between Nrf2 and AD-related cognitive decline, the mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we explored how Nrf2 protects brain cells against the oxidative stress and inflammation of AD in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1 transgenic (AT) mice) with genetic removal of Nrf2. Methods. The spatial learning and memory abilities of 12-month-old transgenic mice were evaluated using a Morris water maze test. Hippocampal levels of Nrf2, Aβ, and p-tauS404 and of astrocytes and microglia were determined by immunostaining. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Oxidative stress was measured by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine immunohistochemistry, and the antioxidant response was determined by qRT-PCR. Results. The spatial learning and memory abilities of AT mice were impaired after Nrf2 deletion. Aβ and p-tauS404 accumulation was increased in the hippocampus of AT/Nrf2-KO mice. Astroglial and microglial activation was exacerbated, followed by upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusion. Our present results show that Nrf2 deficiency aggravates AD-like pathology in AT mice. This phenotype was associated with increased levels of oxidative and proinflammatory markers, which suggests that the Nrf2 pathway may be a promising therapeutic target for AD.

The effects of soy on scopolamine-induced spatial learning and memory impairments are comparable to the effects of estradiol

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Marefati ◽  
Amin Mokhtari-Zaer ◽  
Farimah Beheshti ◽  
Sareh Karimi ◽  
Zahra Mahdian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Background Modulatory effects of soy extract and estradiol on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported. The effect of soy on scopolamine-induced spatial learning and memory in comparison to the effect of estradiol was investigated. Materials and methods Ovariectomized rats were divided into the following groups: (1) control, (2) scopolamine (Sco), (3) scopolamine-soy 20 (Sco-S 20), (4) scopolamine-soy 60 (Sco-S 60), (5) scopolamine-estradiol 20 (Sco-E 20) and (6) scopolamine-estradiol 60 (Sco-E 60). Soy extract, estradiol and vehicle were administered daily for 6 weeks before training in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was injected 30 min before training in the MWM test. Results In the MWM, the escape latency and traveled path to find the platform in the Sco group was prolonged compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Treatment by higher doses of soy improved performances of the rats in the MWM (p < 0.05 – p < 0.001). However, treatment with both doses of estradiol (20 and 60 μg/kg) resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the MWM (p < 0.01 – p < 0.001). Cortical, hippocampal and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, were increased which was prevented by soy extract and estradiol (p < 0.001). Cortical, hippocampal as well as serum levels of the total thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in Sco group were lower than the control group (p < 0.001) while they were enhanced when the animals were treated by soy extract and estradiol (p < 0.01 – p < 0.001). Conclusions It was observed that both soy extract and estradiol prevented learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in ovariectomized rats. These effects can be attributed to their protective effects on oxidative damage of the brain tissue.

Neuroprotective effects of Levisticum officinale on LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairments through neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 6608-6621
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Amraie ◽  
Iran Pouraboli ◽  
Ziba Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Levisticum officinale (Apiaceae) has been identified as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine, with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities.

scholarly journals Neonatal inhibition of Na + -K + -2Cl − -cotransporter prevents ketamine induced spatial learning and memory impairments

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Stevens ◽  
Brandon D. Butler ◽  
Saurabh S. Kokane ◽  
Andrew W. Womack ◽  
Qing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments

Evaluating the effects of single and combined chelators therapies on spatial learning and memory impairments in chronic manganese poisoning

Toxin Reviews ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Tayyebeh Zandevakili ◽  
S. Jamilalddin Fatemi ◽  
Mohammad Shabani ◽  
Khadije Esmaeilpour ◽  
Vahid Sheibani
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Manganese Poisoning

scholarly journals Manual Acupuncture Suppresses the Expression of Proinflammatory Proteins Associated with the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Hippocampus of SAMP8 Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Menghan Lu ◽  
Jiatong Hu ◽  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Donepezil Hydrochloride ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Objective. To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) on NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Methods. SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group, the MA group, and the medicine (M) group. Mice in the M group were treated with donepezil hydrochloride at 0.65 μg/g. In the MA group, MA was applied on Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) for 20 min and then pricked at Shuigou (GV26). The Morris water maze was applied to assess spatial learning and memory. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to observe the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Results. Compared with the normal (N) control group, spatial learning and the memory capabilities of the AD group significantly decreased (p<0.01). The number of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β positively stained cells in the AD group was higher than the N group, and the relative expression levels of the above proteins were significantly higher than those in the N group (p<0.01). These changes were reversed by both MA and donepezil (p<0.01). Conclusion. MA can improve the learning and memory capabilities of SAMP8 mice. The negative regulation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway in the hippocampus may be a possible mechanism of MA in the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals The Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Prone 8 Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Sasaki ◽  
Noelia Geribaldi-Doldan ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Julie Davies ◽  
Francis G. Szele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Abstract Background Much attention has recently focused on nutraceuticals which are widely used to promote health. In particular, nutraceuticals with minimal side effects have been developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. Methods To test the neuroprotection of ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and n-Hex layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-beta (Aβ)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells was used for in vitro AD model. We then assessed the enhancement of neurogenesis of EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to SAMP8 mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and Alzheimer’s-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using MWM test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using mice brain fed with EEA for assessment of neurogenesis. Results Pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, n-Hex layer (HEEA), ameliorated Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular ATP production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whilst HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin + young neurons and GFAP + astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. Learning ability was assessed in the Morris water maze test. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency time in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect activated stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU + cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU + GFAP + stem cells as well as their progeny, BrdU + NeuN + mature neurons. Conclusions Our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against some age-related diseases including neurodegenerative desease, particularly AD.

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