scholarly journals Synthesis Approaches of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: The Dilemma of Ecotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Naveed Ul Haq ◽  
Akhtar Nadhman ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Masoom Yasinzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Human’s quest for innovation, finding solutions of problems, and upgrading the industrial yield with energy efficient and cost-effective materials has opened the avenues of nanotechnology. Among a variety of nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) have advantages because of the extraordinary physical and chemical properties. It is one of the cheap materials in cosmetic industry, nanofertilizers, and electrical devices and also a suitable agent for bioimaging and targeted drug and gene delivery and an excellent sensor for detecting ecological pollutants and environmental remediation. Despite inherent toxicity of nanoparticles, synthetic routes are making use of large amount of chemical and stringent reactions conditions that are contributing as environmental contaminants in the form of high energy consumption, heat generation, water consumption, and chemical waste. Further, it is also adding to the innate toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) that is either entirely ignored or poorly investigated. The current review illustrates a comparison between pollutants and hazards spawned from chemical, physical, and biological methods used for the synthesis of ZnO. Further, the emphasis is on devising eco-friendly techniques for the synthesis of ZnO especially biological methods which are comparatively less hazardous and need to be optimized by controlling the reaction conditions in order to get desired yield and characteristics.

Fabrication of Ultra-Pure Anisotropic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Simple and Cost-Effective Route: Implications for UTI and EAC Medications

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abd Elkodous ◽  
Gharieb S. El-Sayyad ◽  
M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud ◽  
Ibrahim Y. Abdelrahman ◽  
Farag M. Mosallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Nanocomposite-based Materials as Photocatalysts in the Degradation of Dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6557-6579
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The introduction of inorganic and organic pollutants into water bodies has become a serious issue globally. The waste streams released from the textile, plastic, leather, paper, pharmaceutical, and food industries introduce different natural and synthetic dyes into the aquatic system. Nanomaterials play a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes present in wastewater. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have many improved physical and chemical properties and attracted much attention in photocatalytic activities. Dyes have been released in our aquatic bodies due to many anthropogenic activities and caused life-threatening problems. Various conventional methods were reported to remove dyes from water and wastewater; the photocatalytic method is one of the efficient and cost-effective. The present review article includes detailed information on photocatalysis, the potential of metal oxide and their composite materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of toxic dyes, and some common synthetic and characterization methods used for metal oxide-based nanoparticles.

CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF GREEN AND CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
SUMATHI S ◽  
BANUPRIYA SJS ◽  
AKHILA V ◽  
PADMA PR
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hemolysis Assay

Objectives: The aim of the present study is a synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by green and chemical method. The nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm activity, biocompatibility, and hemolysis activity. Methods: We have synthesized ZnONPs both by green and chemical synthesis using the coprecipitation method. To understand the functional group, absorbance, crystalline nature, size, and shape of the synthesized particles, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were done. Antibacterial activity was carried out using different bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was checked using MTT assay with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiofilm activities of both synthesized nanoparticles were done using Staphylococcus aureus and to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles at the cellular level, hemolysis assay was performed. Results: The yield of nanoparticles in green synthesis was much higher when compared to chemical synthesis. Spectral results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were ZnONPs. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and hemolysis assay showed that green nanoparticles were more potent than chemical nanoparticles. Conclusion: Hence, green synthesis provides an advantage over chemical synthesis as it is cost effective, environmentally friendly, and easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis.

scholarly journals Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1568-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zitao Zhou ◽  
Jino Son ◽  
Bryan Harper ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Stacey Harper
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Outermost Surface

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in a variety of products, thus understanding their health and environmental impacts is necessary to appropriately manage their risks. To keep pace with the rapid increase in products utilizing engineered ZnO NPs, rapid in silico toxicity test methods based on knowledge of comprehensive in vivo and in vitro toxic responses are beneficial in determining potential nanoparticle impacts. To achieve or enhance their desired function, chemical modifications are often performed on the NPs surface; however, the roles of these alterations play in determining the toxicity of ZnO NPs are still not well understood. As such, we investigated the toxicity of 17 diverse ZnO NPs varying in both size and surface chemistry to developing zebrafish (exposure concentrations ranging from 0.016 to 250 mg/L). Despite assessing a suite of 19 different developmental, behavioural and morphological endpoints in addition to mortality in this study, mortality was the most common endpoint observed for all of the ZnO NP types tested. ZnO NPs with surface chemical modification, regardless of the type, resulted in mortality at 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) while uncoated particles did not induce significant mortality until 120 hpf. Using eight intrinsic chemical properties that relate to the outermost surface chemistry of the engineered ZnO nanoparticles, the highly dimensional toxicity data were converted to a 2-dimensional data set through principal component analysis (PCA). Euclidean distance was used to partition different NPs into several groups based on converted data (score) which were directly related to changes in the outermost surface chemistry. Kriging estimations were then used to develop a contour map based on mortality data as a response. This study illustrates how the intrinsic properties of NPs, including surface chemical modifications and capping agents, are useful to separate and identify ZnO NP toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Plant Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Anti - microbial and Anti - oxidant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Prashast Kumar Tripathi Satish Chandra Sati
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Microbial Assay ◽  
Average Size

Abstract-In this research paper we have reported the single pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for the first time by utilisation of leaves extract of Himalayan medicinal plant Artemisia roxburghiana. The principle of green chemistry was utilised at maximum possible level to make the synthesis not only environmentally compatible but also cost effective. The obtained nanoparticles are of good shape and size as confirmed by the instrumental techniques such as Powder XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM and FT-IR. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was between 26 to 35 nm. These nanoparticles then screened for the anti - microbial assay in which it has shown positive activity against E. coli, A. Tereus and C. falcatum. The second application of the synthesized nanoparticles is estimation of anti - oxidant activity against the DPPH. The IC value of the nanoparticles is formed to be 50 53 in EtoH while that of the standard, ascorbic acid was 26 in the same solvent. Keywords:Art emisia roxburghiana, Asteraceae, ZnONPs, Antimicrobial activity and Antioxidant activity

Hydrophobic Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Consolidation and Protection of Quartzite Sculptures: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Yasser Kamal Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Static Water Contact Angle ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Quartzite sculptures are considered some of the most impressive and informative archaeological remains which have been found in the most of Egyptian archaeological sites. Regrettably, quartzite sculptures suffer from many deterioration aspects such as granular disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, soiling, microbiological colonization. Water is the main aggressive deterioration factor of stones and stone-based monuments, as in addition to its direct role in deterioration mechanisms, it plays as a catalyst in the physicochemical and microbiological deterioration processes.During the last two decades, polymer nanocomposites have widely been applied in the field of cultural heritage conservation due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are among the most important semiconductive nanomaterials that have been applied in the fabrication of nanocomposites. They have been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polymers in order to fabricate superhydrophobic and self-cleaning protective materials.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanocomposites, in order to select the best of them for the consolidation and protection of a colossal quartzite statue of Ramesses II. The properties of the treated quartzite samples were comparatively examined by colourimetric measurements, static water contact angle, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Optical and Structural Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by CO2 Microwave Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Min Chun ◽  
Dae Hyun Choi ◽  
Jong Bae Park ◽  
Yong Cheol Hong
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Doped

The results of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by CO2 microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure are presented. The 2.45-GHz microwave plasma torch and feeder for injecting Zn granules are used in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The Zn granules (13.5 g/min) were introduced into the microwave plasma by CO2 (5 l/min) swirl gas. The microwave power delivered to the CO2 microwave plasma was 1 kW. The synthesis of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out in accordance with CO2 + Zn → carbon-doped ZnO + CO. The synthesized carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have a high purity hexagonal phase. The absorption edge of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited a red shift from a high-energy wavelength to lower in the UV-visible spectrum, due to band gap narrowing. A UV-NIR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, emission scanning electron-microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer were used for the characterization of the as-produced products.

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