scholarly journals LTE Network Enhancement for Vehicular Safety Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooseong Kim ◽  
Eun-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications have been popularly considered for safe driving of manned or unmanned vehicles. The V2I communication is better than the V2V communication for propagating safety messages at critical regions like intersections where the safety messages must be delivered to surround vehicles with low latency and loss, since transmitters as infrastructure can have line of sight to the receiver vehicles and control wireless medium access in a centralized manner unlike V2V. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks are rapidly deployed in the world with explosively increasing mobile traffic. As many automobile manufacturers choose LTE on-board devices for telematics, the LTE system can be utilized also for safety purposes instead of 802.11p/WAVE based roadside units (RSUs). Previous literatures have studied mostly current LTE system analysis in aspect of theoretical network capacity and end-to-end delay to investigate feasibility of V2I communication. In this paper, we propose new enhancement of a current LTE system specified by 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE standards while addressing major delay challenges. From simulation, we confirm that our three key solutions can reduce end-to-end delay effectively in the LTE system to satisfy requirements of safety message delivery.

scholarly journals SAI: Safety Application Identifier Algorithm at MAC Layer for Vehicular Safety Message Dissemination Over LTE VANET Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Marvin Sánchez ◽  
Tuleen Boutaleb ◽  
Sinan Sinanovic ◽  
Carlos Gamio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multipath Fading ◽  
System Level ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Safety Application ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
The Impact

Vehicular safety applications have much significance in preventing road accidents and fatalities. Among others, cellular networks have been under investigation for the procurement of these applications subject to stringent requirements for latency, transmission parameters, and successful delivery of messages. Earlier contributions have studied utilization of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) under single cell, Friis radio, or simplified higher layer. In this paper, we study the utilization of LTE under multicell and multipath fading environment and introduce the use of adaptive awareness range. Then, we propose an algorithm that uses the concept of quality of service (QoS) class identifiers (QCIs) along with dynamic adaptive awareness range. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of background traffic on the proposed algorithm. Finally, we utilize medium access control (MAC) layer elements in order to fulfill vehicular application requirements through extensive system-level simulations. The results show that, by using an awareness range of up to 250 m, the LTE system is capable of fulfilling the safety application requirements for up to 10 beacons/s with 150 vehicles in an area of 2 × 2 km2. The urban vehicular radio environment has a significant impact and decreases the probability for end-to-end delay to be ≤100 ms from 93%–97% to 76%–78% compared to the Friis radio environment. The proposed algorithm reduces the amount of vehicular application traffic from 21 Mbps to 13 Mbps, while improving the probability of end-to-end delay being ≤100 ms by 20%. Lastly, use of MAC layer control elements brings the processing of messages towards the edge of network increasing capacity of the system by about 50%.

scholarly journals An Effective and Efficient Adaptive Probability Data Dissemination Protocol in VANET

Data ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sospeter ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Saajid Hussain ◽  
Tesfanesh Tesfa
Keyword(s):  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Road Segments

Mobile network topology changes dynamically over time because of the high velocity of vehicles. Therefore, the concept of the data dissemination scheme in a VANET environment has become an issue of debate for many research scientists. The main purpose of VANET is to ensure passenger safety application by considering the critical emergency message. The design of the message dissemination protocol should take into consideration effective data dissemination to provide a high packet data ratio and low end-to-end delay by using network resources at a minimal level. In this paper, an effective and efficient adaptive probability data dissemination protocol (EEAPD) is proposed. EEAPD comprises a delay scheme and probabilistic approach. The redundancy ratio (r) metric is used to explain the correlation between road segments and vehicles’ density in rebroadcast probability decisions. The uniqueness of the EEAPD protocol comes from taking into account the number of road segments to decide which nodes are suitable for rebroadcasting the emergency message. The last road segment is considered in the transmission range because of the probability of it having small vehicle density. From simulation results, the proposed protocol provides a better high-packet delivery ratio and low-packet drop ratio by providing better use of the network resource within low end-to-end delay. This protocol is designed for only V2V communication by considering a beaconless strategy. the simulations in this study were conducted using Ns-3.26 and traffic simulator called “SUMO”.

scholarly journals A Message Transfer Framework for Enhanced Reliability in Delay-Tolerant Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Farzana Yasmeen ◽  
Uyen Trang Nguyen ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Shigeki Yamada ◽  
Cristian Borcea
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Delay Tolerant Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Deadline Constraints ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) can tolerate disruption on end-to-end paths by taking advantage of temporal links emerging between nodes as nodes move in the network. Intermediate nodes store messages before forwarding opportunities become available. A series of encounters (i.e., coming within mutual transmission range) among different nodes will eventually deliver the message to the desired destination. The message delivery performance in a DTN (such as delivery ratio and end-to-end delay) highly depends on the time elapsed between encounters and the time two nodes remain in each others communication range once a contact is established. As messages are forwarded opportunistically among nodes, it is important to have sufficient contact opportunities in the network for faster, more reliable delivery of messages. We propose a simple yet efficient method for improving the performance of a DTN by increasing the contact duration of encountered nodes (i.e., mobile devices). Our proposed sticky transfer framework and protocol enable nodes in DTNs to collect neighbors’ information, evaluate their movement patterns and amounts of data to transfer in order to make decisions of whether to “stick” with a neighbor to complete the necessary data transfers. The sticky transfer framework can be combined with any DTN routing protocol to improve its performance. We evaluate ourframework through simulations and measure several network performance metrics. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can improve the message delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, overhead ratio, buffer occupancy, number of disrupted message transmissions and so on. It can be well adopted for challenged scenarios where larger messages sizes need to be delivered with application deadline constraints. Furthermore, performance of the DTN improved (upto 43%) at higher node densities and (up to 49%) under increased mobility conditions.

scholarly journals CMD: A Multichannel Coordination Scheme for Emergency Message Dissemination in IEEE 1609.4

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Odongo Steven Eyobu ◽  
Jhihoon Joo ◽  
Dong Seog Han
Keyword(s):  
Separation Distance ◽  
Control Channel ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Channel Switching ◽  
Multiple Channel ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Message Transmission ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Message Dissemination ◽  
End To End

The IEEE 1609.4 legacy standard for multichannel communications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), specifies that the control channel (CCH) is dedicated to broadcast safety messages, while the service channels (SCHs) are dedicated to transmit infotainment service content. However, the SCHs can be used as an alternative to transmit high priority safety messages in the event that they are invoked during the service channel interval (SCHI). This implies that there is a need to transmit safety messages across multiple available utilized channels to ensure that all vehicles receive the safety message. Transmission across multiple SCHs using the legacy IEEE 1609.4 requires multiple channel switching and therefore introduces further end-to-end delays. Given that safety messaging is a life critical application, it is important that optimal end-to-end delay performance is derived in multichannel VANET scenarios to ensure reliable safety message dissemination. To tackle this challenge, three primary contributions are in this article: first, a cooperative multichannel coordinator (CMD) selection approach based on the least average separation distance (LAD) to the vehicles that expect to tune to other SCHs and operates during the control channel interval (CCHI) is proposed. Second, a model to determine the optimal time intervals in which CMD operates during the CCHI is proposed. Third, a contention back-off mechanism for safety message transmission during the SCHI is proposed. Computer simulations and mathematical analysis show that CMD performs better than the legacy IEEE 1609.4 and a selected state-of-the-art multichannel message dissemination scheme in terms of end-to-end delay and packet reception ratio.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication Networks with Directional Antennas

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Ilah Alshbatat ◽  
Liang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocol ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential of creating an ad hoc communication network in the air. Most UAVs used in communication networks are equipped with wireless transceivers using omnidirectional antennas. In this paper, we consider a collection of UAVs that communicate through wireless links as a mobile ad-hoc network using directional antennas. The network design goal is to maximize the throughput and minimize the end-to-end delay. In this respect, we propose a new medium access control protocol for a network of UAVs with directional antennas. We analyze the communication channel between the UAVs and the effect of aircraft attitude on the network performance. Using the optimized network engineering tool (OPNET), we compare our protocol with the IEEE 802.11 protocol for omnidirectional antennas. The simulation results show performance improvement in end-to-end delay as well as throughput.

Catechize Global Optimization through Leading Edge Firefly Based Zone Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sherin Zafar ◽  
Usha Batra
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Background: Zone Routing Protocol is evolving as an efficient hybrid routing protocol with an extremely high potentiality owing to the integration of two radically different schemes, proactive and reactive in such a way that a balance between control overhead and latency is achieved. Its performance is impacted by various network conditions such as zone radius, network size, mobility, etc. Objective: The research work described in this paper focuses on improving the performance of zone routing protocol by reducing the amount of reactive traffic which is primarily responsible for degraded network performance in case of large networks. The usage of route aggregation approach helps in reducing the routing overhead and also help achieve performance optimization. Methods: The performance of proposed protocol is assessed under varying node size and mobility. Further applied is the firefly algorithm which aims to achieve global optimization that is quite difficult to achieve due to non-linearity of functions and multimodality of algorithms. For performance evaluation a set of benchmark functions are being adopted like, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay to validate the proposed approach. Results: Simulation results depict better performance of leading edge firefly algorithm when compared to zone routing protocol and route aggregation based zone routing protocol. The proposed leading edge FRA-ZRP approach shows major improvement between ZRP and FRA-ZRP in Packet Delivery Ratio. FRA-ZRP outperforms traditional ZRP and RA-ZRP even in terms of End to End Delay by reducing the delay and gaining a substantial QOS improvement. Conclusion: The achievement of proposed approach can be credited to the formation on zone head and attainment of route from the head hence reduced queuing of data packets due to control packets, by adopting FRA-ZRP approach. The routing optimized zone routing protocol using Route aggregation approach and FRA augments the QoS, which is the most crucial parameter for routing performance enhancement of MANET.

Security based on Received Signal Strength in Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karamjeet Kaur ◽  
Gianetan Singh Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Underwater sensor networks are envisioned to enable a broad category of underwater applications such as pollution tracking, offshore exploration, and oil spilling. Such applications require precise location information as otherwise the sensed data might be meaningless. On the other hand, security critical issue as underwater sensor networks are typically deployed in harsh environments. Localization is one of the latest research subjects in UWSNs since many useful applying UWSNs, e.g., event detecting. Now day’s large number of localization methods arrived for UWSNs. However, few of them take place stability or security criteria. In purposed work taking up localization in underwater such that various wireless sensor nodes get localize to each other. RSS based localization technique used remove malicious nodes from the communication intermediate node list based on RSS threshold value. Purposed algorithm improves more throughput and less end to end delay without degrading energy dissipation at each node. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB and it suggests optimal result as comparison of end to end delay with and without malicious node.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document