LIBS Analysis of Geomaterials: Comparative Study of Basalt Plasma Induced by TEA CO2 and Nd:YAG Laser in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

We present a study of the plasma generated by transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO2 laser irradiation of a basalt sample. The plasma was induced in air at atmospheric pressure. The same sample was also analyzed using a commercial LIBS system based on Nd:YAG laser and time-gated detection. The main plasma parameters, temperature, and electron number density were determined and analytical capabilities of the two systems compared. Despite differences in laser wavelength, pulse duration, applied fluence, and signal detection scheme, the two systems are comparable in terms of element detectability and limits of detection. In both cases, all elements usually present in geological samples were identified. The estimated limits of detection for most elements were below 100 ppm, while for Cu, Cr, and Sr they were around or below 10 ppm. The obtained results led to the conclusion that simple, cost-effective TEA CO2 LIBS system can find applications for geological explorations.

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Research on the Time and Space Characteristic of Argon Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.630 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1008-1009 ◽

pp. 630-634

Author(s):

Zhi Nan Liu ◽

Hui Min Ge

Keyword(s):

Applied Voltage ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Fluid Model ◽

Electrical Characteristics ◽

Number Density ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Space Characteristic ◽

Discharge Gap ◽

Bright Area

Numerical calculations with time dependant one-dimensional fluid model are performed at various conditions in argon atmospheric pressure to calculate electrical characteristics and plasma parameters including charged and metastable molecules densities. The simulation results show after steady discharge are formed, the voltage of discharge gap nearly remain constant and the phase is 0.36π advance of the applied voltage; The current density are in the same period as the applied voltage, the phase is 0.58π ahead of the applied voltage; The steady state Ar are in high number density in the whole discharge gap; The Ar* number density appear peak at the middle of the discharge gap; The Ar+ number density appear peak in the negative bright area.

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DIAGNOSTICS OF COPPER PLASMA PRODUCED BY THE FUNDAMENTAL, SECOND AND THIRD HARMONICS OF A Nd:YAG LASER

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979207037235 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 2697-2710 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. RASHID ◽

S. HAFEEZ ◽

NEK M. SHAIKH ◽

M. SALEEM ◽

R. ALI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Temperature ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Spectral Lines ◽

Laser Irradiance ◽

Number Density ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Boltzmann Plot ◽

532 Nm ◽

Copper Plasma

We report measurements of the copper plasma parameters generated by the fundamental, second and third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. The 3 d 94 s 5 s 2 D 3/2→3 d 94 s 4 p 2 F 5/2 at 464.25 nm, 4p 2 P 3/2→3 d 94 s 2 D 5/2 at 510.55 nm, 4d 2 D 3/2→4 p 2 P 1/2 at 515.32 nm 4d 2 D 5/2→4 p 2 P 3/2 at 521.82 nm and 4p 2 P 3/2→3 d 94 s 2 D 3/2 at 570.02 nm transitions have been used to estimate the electron temperature through the Boltzmann plot method. The number density has been estimated from the Stark broadened profiles of the spectral lines. The spatial behaviour of the electron temperature and number density has been examined at different ambient air pressures and with laser irradiance. The temperature and number density are found to be in the range from 14700 to 13600 K and 2.1×1016 to 1.78×1016 cm -3 for the 1064 nm laser, from 14200 to 12800 K and 2.2×1016 to 1.8×1016 cm -3 for the 532 nm laser and from 14100 to 12500 K and 2.4×1016 to 1.9×1016 cm -3 for the 355 nm laser.

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Enhanced Wetting and Adhesive Properties by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Surface Treatment Methods and Investigation Processes on the Influencing Parameters on HIPS Polymer

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13060901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 901

Author(s):

Miklós Berczeli ◽

Zoltán Weltsch

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

High Impact ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Plasma Surface ◽

Wetting Properties ◽

High Impact Polystyrene ◽

Process Modification ◽

Plasma Surface Treatment

The development of bonding technology and coating technologies require the use of modern materials and topologies for the demanding effect and modification of their wetting properties. For the industry, a process modification process that can be integrated into a process is the atmospheric pressure of air operation plasma surface treatment. This can be classified and evaluated based on the wettability, which has a significant impact on the adhesive force. The aim is to improve the wetting properties and to find the relationship between plasma treatment parameters, wetting, and adhesion. High Impact PolyStyrene (HIPS) was used as an experimental material, and then the plasma treatment can be treated with various adjustable parameters. The effect of plasma parameters on surface roughness, wetting contact angle, and using Fowkes theory of the surface energy have been investigated. Seven different plasma jet treatment distances were tested, combined with 5 scan speeds. Samples with the best plasma parameters were prepared from 25 mm × 25 mm overlapping adhesive joints using acrylic/cyanoacrylate. The possibility of creating a completely hydrophilic surface was achieved, where the untreated wetting edge angle decreased from 88.2° to 0° for distilled water and from 62.7° to 0° in the case of ethylene glycol. The bonding strength of High Impact PolyStyrene was increased by plasma treatment by 297%.

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Development of All-Plastic Microvalve Array for Multiplexed Immunoassay

Volume 10: Micro- and Nano-Systems Engineering and Packaging ◽

10.1115/imece2014-38154 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Shancy Augustine ◽

Pan Gu ◽

Xiangjun Zheng ◽

Toshikazu Nishida ◽

Z. Hugh Fan

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Negative Control ◽

Sensitive Material ◽

Detection Scheme ◽

Power Battery ◽

Multiple Analytes ◽

Multiplexed Immunoassay

There is a need for low-cost immunoassays that measure the presence and concentration of multiple harmful agents in one device. Currently, comparable immunoassays employ a one-analyte-per-test format that is time consuming and not cost effective for the requirement of detecting multiple analytes in a single sample. For instance, if a spectrum of harmful agents, including E. coli O157, cholera toxin, and Salmonella typhimurium, should be simultaneously monitored in foods and drinking water, then a one-analyte-per-test would be inefficient. This work demonstrates a platform capable of simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in a single, low-cost, microvalve array-enabled multiplexed immunoassay. This multiplexed immunoassay platform is demonstrated in a prototype COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) device with a 2×3 array in which 6 analytes can be detected simultaneously. In order to contain and regulate the flow of reagents in the multichannel device, an array of microfluidic valves actuated by a thermally expandable material and microfabricated resistors have been developed to direct the flow to the necessary assay sites. The microvalve-based immunoassay is shown to be reliable, easy to operate, and compatible with large-scale integration. The all-plastic microvalves use paraffin wax as the thermally sensitive material which drastically reduces power consumption by latching upon closing so that pulsed power is required only to close and latch the microvalve until it is necessary to re-open the valve. The multiplexed detection scheme has been demonstrated by using three proteins, C reactive protein (CRP) and transferrin, both of which are biomarkers associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the negative control. Since there are no external bulky pneumatic accessories required to operate/latch the microvalves in the device, this compact, thermally actuated and latching microvalve-enabled multiplexed immunoassay has the potential to realize a portable, low power, battery operated microfluidic device for biological assays.

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Removal of unwanted material from surfaces of artistic value by means of Nd:YAG laser in combination with Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma

Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks ◽

10.1201/9780203882085-13 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 71-76

Keyword(s):

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Artistic Value ◽

Pressure Plasma ◽

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

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Excitation and analytical characteristics of an ethanol loaded U-shaped arc

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0302109r ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marija Raskovic ◽

Ivanka Holclajtner-Antunovic ◽

Mirjana Tripkovic ◽

Dragan Markovic

Keyword(s):

Spectral Line ◽

Electron Number Density ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Number Density ◽

Electron Number ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Line Intensities ◽

Ethanol Addition ◽

Plasma Characteristics ◽

Dc Arc

The effect of the ethanol load on the discharge and analytical parameters of an argon stabilized U-shaped DC arc has been recorded. Measurements of the radial distribution of the apparent temperatures and the electron number density of the DC plasma showed that ethanol addition causes a decrease in both plasma parameters. The changes in the plasma characteristics, as well as in transport and atomisation processes of the analyte cause a general change in the spectral line intensities, which depends on the physical characteristics of the analyte and the quantity of ethanol loaded into the plasma. Improved detection limits were obtained for V and Mn when a 10%(v/v) water?ethanol solution was nebulized into the plasma.

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Optical Emission Spectroscopic Analysis of Plasma Parameters in Cadmium by Nd: YAG laser Technique

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2114 (1) ◽

pp. 012049

Author(s):

Uday H. Tawfeeq ◽

Ahmed K. Abbas ◽

Kadhim A. Aadim

Keyword(s):

Laser Pulse ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Debye Length ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Plasma Electron ◽

Laser Technique ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Yag Laser ◽

Emission Spectroscopic Analysis

Abstract In this work, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to estimate the parameters of plasma electron temperature (Te), electron density (ne), plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (λD), and Debye number (ND). Understanding how an energy pulsed laser affects these variables is also important. Irradiation of pure cadmium using an Nd: YAG laser pulse with a wavelength(1064)nm and energy ranging from (200-600)millijoules, of frequency (6) Hz. The spectrum of laser-induced plasma was detected under atmospheric pressure. It was discovered that when the energy of the laser pulse rises, the intensity of the CdI and CdII lines increases.

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Laser-Induced Plasma Atomic and Ionic Emission During Target Ablation

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x21500447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer ◽

Sabah N. Mazhir

Keyword(s):

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Plasma Parameter ◽

Debye Length ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Solid Target ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Laser Induced Plasma ◽

Repeat Rate ◽

Ionic Emission ◽

Debye Formula

This paper investigates the spectroscopy of plasma that resulted from the bombardment of ZnSe by using the optical emission spectroscopic (OES) technique. The plasma can be generated by the reaction between an Nd:YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064[Formula: see text]nm with a repeat rate of 6[Formula: see text]Hz (as well as 9[Formula: see text]ns pulse duration), and a solid target, where the density of the electron (ne), the temperature of the electron ([Formula: see text]), the frequency of the plasma ([Formula: see text]) and the Debye length ([Formula: see text]) as plasma parameters, in addition to the particles’ number of Debye ([Formula: see text]) and plasma parameter ([Formula: see text]) have been calculated by picking up the spectrum of plasma at different energies (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) mj using Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn) and the mixture (ZnSe) at ([Formula: see text]). It is found that the electron temperatures of Zn and Se ranged between (0.257–0.267)[Formula: see text]eV and (1.036–1.055) eV, respectively, while that of ZnSe ranged between (1.15–1.28)[Formula: see text]eV. This indicates that the electron temperature of ZnSe is higher than the temperatures of each Zn and Se.

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