scholarly journals Detecting the Candidate Gender Determinants by Bioinformatic Prediction of miRNAs and Their Targets from Transcriptome Sequences of the Male and Female Flowers in Salix suchowensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Suyun Wei ◽  
Ning Ye ◽  
Tongming Yin
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sequence Complementarity ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small, noncoding, and endogenous single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Potential miRNAs can be identified based on sequence homology since miRNAs are highly conserved in plants. In this study, we aligned the expressed sequence tags derived from flower buds of male and female S. suchowensis to miRNAs in the miRBase, which enable us to identify 34 potential miRNAs from flower buds of the alternate sexes. Among them, 11 were from the female and 23 were from the male. Analyzing sequence complementarity led to identification of 124 and 55 miRNA targets in the male and female flower buds, respectively. By mapping the target genes of the predicted miRNAs to the sequence assemblies of S. suchowensis, a miR156 mediated gene was detected at the gender locus of willow, which was a transcription factor involved in flower development. It is noteworthy that this target is not expressed in male flower, while it is expressed fairly highly in female flower based on the transcriptome data derived from the alternate sexes of willows. This study provides new bioinformatic clue for further exploring the genetic mechanism underlying gender determination in willows.

Differential nectar production between male and female flowers in a wild cucurbit: Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana (Cucurbitaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ashworth ◽  
Leonardo Galetto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nectar Sugar Composition ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

In dioecious and monoecious plants that depend on animal vectors for reproduction, pollinators have to be attracted to male and female flowers for pollination to be effective. In the monoecious Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, male flowers are produced in greater quantity, are spatially more exposed to pollinators and offer pollen in addition to nectar as floral rewards. Nectar traits were compared between male and female flowers to determine any differences in the characteristics of the main reward offered to pollinators. Nectar chemical composition and sugar proportions were similar between flower types. Total nectar sugar production per female flower was threefold higher than per male flower, and nectar removal did not have any effect on total nectar production in both flower morphs. Pollinators reduced nectar standing crops to similar and very scarce amounts in both flower types. Results indicate indirectly that pollinators are consuming more nectar from female flowers, suggesting that the higher nectar production in female flowers may be a reward-based strategy to achieve the high female reproductive output observed in this species.Key words: Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, nectar production, nectar sugar composition, removal effects, standing crop.

Shoot development in Betula papyrifera. VI. Development of the reproductive structures

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair D. Macdonald ◽  
D. H. Mothersill
Keyword(s):  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Northwestern Ontario

Reproductive buds and developing inflorescences were collected weekly from mature trees during three successive growing seasons in northwestern Ontario. Material was prepared to show all stages of inflorescence and flower development and meiosis. Male inflorescence induction, involving the long-shoot bud apex and one or two proximal axillary apices, occurred in early May, before bud burst. Female induction involved the short-shoot bud apex and occurred in late June – early July. Both male and female partial inflorescences resembled a simple dichasium. The male flower consisted of usually two stamens and two or three tepals variably arranged. Meiosis occurred in late July – early August. Each female flower consisted of two stigmas, two connate tepals that were not noticeable at maturity, and a parietal placenta bearing two unitegmic ovules. Meiosis occurred in mid-June, after pollination in mid-May. It is concluded that developmental data do not help elucidate whether the inferior portion of the gynoecial wall is cauline or appendicular and whether the placenta is derived from axial or carpellary tissue. It is suggested that the trigger(s) evoking male and female inflorescence induction may be different and that the metabolic prerequisites for induction and early development would be supplied by winter-stored material for male development and by current metabolic processes for female development.

Computational identification and characterization of conserved miRNAs and their target genes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) expressed sequence tags

Gene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 537 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Panda ◽  
Budheswar Dehury ◽  
Jagajjit Sahu ◽  
Madhumita Barooah ◽  
Priyabrata Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Computational Identification ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Expressed Sequence

scholarly journals The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUS SUSATYA
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Susatya A. 2020. The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 792-798. The life history of Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. is the reflection of the complex interaction between flower bud development and the external environments in order to reach its optimal survivorship. The objectives of the study were to determine the growth of flower buds at various development stages, to reconstruct the life history, and to know the population structure of R. arnoldii. The study was carried out at Taba Penanjung, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Two populations consisting of 17 individual buds of R. arnoldii were selected for the research. All buds were categorized into six visible stages, mapped, measured their diameters, and recorded their fates every two weeks for six months. The exponential model of growth development was applied to reconstruct the life history. The results showed that buds from the perigone stage respectively grew 3.5 and 12 times faster than those from the bract and cupule stages. The exponential growth of flower bud was confirmed, and explained by Y = 0.785 e0.0052 X, where Y and X were respectively diameter and age of flower bud. The complete life history of R. arnoldii required 3.5 to 5 years, where a female flower needed a longer time than a male flower. The population structure of R. arnoldii was not constant, but changed dynamically over time. The dynamics of population structure was mainly caused by the high mortality of small buds and the low flower bud recruitment.

Ontogeny of floral organs and morphology of floral apex in Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Zhou ◽  
Yinzheng Wang ◽  
Xiaobai Jin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phellodendron Amurense ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Floral Apex ◽  
Female Flowers

The ontogeny of floral organs and the morphology of floral apex in the dioecious Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were investigated by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Investigations indicated that P. amurense is hermaphroditic in its organisation and a common set of floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) arise in all flowers during the early stages of development. Later, selective abortion of gynoecium and androecium occurs resulting in dimorphic unisexual flowers. The carpels in male flower buds become different from those in female flower buds soon after their initiation. The stamens of female flowers are not differentiated into anthers and filaments before abortion. The poorly differentiated carpel of male flowers never develops normal structures. Floral morphological evidence supports that Zanthoxylum, Tetradium and Phellodendron are related to one another in a linear sequence. LSCM revealed some interesting features on the apical meristem surface such as zonal differentiation, a triangular or sectorial cell, radiating cell files and linear rows of anticlinal cell walls fluorescing relatively brightly. The concept of carpel-enhancing meristem in the floral apex is tentatively proposed to account for the different fates of carpel development in male and female flowers in P. amurense.

Characterization of Expressed Sequence Tags from Flower Buds of Alpine Lilium formosanum using a Subtractive cDNA Library

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Kuang Wang ◽  
Chia-Chin Liu ◽  
Tzen-Yuh Chiang ◽  
Ming-Tse Chen ◽  
Chang-Hung Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Subtractive Cdna Library ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Lilium Formosanum

scholarly journals Computational Identification of Novel MicroRNAs and Their Targets inVigna unguiculata

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Lu ◽  
Xiaoyun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Short Rnas ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Survey Sequence ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Genomic Survey Sequence

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, noncoding, short RNAs directly involved in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. High conservation of miRNAs in plant provides the foundation for identification of new miRNAs in other plant species through homology alignment. Here, previous known plant miRNAs were BLASTed against the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and Genomic Survey Sequence (GSS) databases ofVigna unguiculata, and according to a series of filtering criteria, a total of 47 miRNAs belonging to 13 miRNA families were identified, and 30 potential target genes of them were subsequently predicted, most of which seemed to encode transcription factors or enzymes participating in regulation of development, growth, metabolism, and other physiological processes. Overall, our findings lay the foundation for further researches of miRNAs function inVigna unguiculata.

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