scholarly journals Cortical Thinning in Network-Associated Regions in Cognitively Normal and Below-Normal Range Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walter Heinrichs ◽  
Farena Pinnock ◽  
Melissa Parlar ◽  
Colin Hawco ◽  
Lindsay Hanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Thickness Measure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

This study assessed whether cortical thickness across the brain and regionally in terms of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks differentiates schizophrenia patients and healthy controls with normal range or below-normal range cognitive performance. Cognitive normality was defined using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite score (T=50 ± 10) and structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to generate cortical thickness data. Whole brain analysis revealed that cognitively normal range controls (n=39) had greater cortical thickness than both cognitively normal (n=17) and below-normal range (n=49) patients. Cognitively normal controls also demonstrated greater thickness than patients in regions associated with the default mode and salience, but not central executive networks. No differences on any thickness measure were found between cognitively normal range and below-normal range controls (n=24) or between cognitively normal and below-normal range patients. In addition, structural covariance between network regions was high and similar across subgroups. Positive and negative symptom severity did not correlate with thickness values. Cortical thinning across the brain and regionally in relation to the default and salience networks may index shared aspects of the psychotic psychopathology that defines schizophrenia with no relation to cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Cortical Thinning and Altered Cortico-Cortical Structural Covariance of the Default Mode Network in Patients with Persistent Insomnia Symptoms

SLEEP ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
Hosung Kim ◽  
Thien Thanh Dang-Vu ◽  
Eunyeon Joo ◽  
Chol Shin
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Synaptic Injury and Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Tarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Csf Biomarker ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls

BACKGROUND Synaptic loss is the best surrogate for cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is more closely associated with cognitive function than amyloid or tau pathologies. Neurogranin (Ng) and synaptosome–associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) have demonstrated utility as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of synaptic injury in presymptomatic and symptomatic AD. While these synaptic markers have been shown to correlate with cognitive impairment and whole brain or regional atrophy in previous studies of AD, to our knowledge, the relationship between fluid markers of synaptic injury and functional brain imaging has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between CSF markers of synaptic injury (Ng and SNAP-25) and functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode and semantic memory networks in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to AD (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0.5-1) and cognitively normal controls (CDR 0), adjusting for age, gender, and the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype. Secondary objectives include investigating the associations between CSF markers of amyloid and tau pathology (CSF tau, p-tau181, and Aβ42) and FC in the default mode and semantic memory networks in AD (CDR 0.5-1) and controls (CDR 0), adjusting for age, gender, and the APOE4 genotype. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of individuals with MCI or mild dementia due to AD (CDR 0.5-1; n=20), and cognitively normal controls (CDR 0; n=20). Participants will undergo detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments, CSF biomarker assessments (CSF Ng, SNAP-25, tau, p-tau181, and Aβ42 levels) and functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments, using a Siemens 3.0 Tesla Prisma scanner, during resting state and during the performance of a semantic memory task. All study procedures will be completed within 4 months of enrollment. Partial correlation analyses will examine associations of CSF biomarker measures with FC in the default mode and semantic memory networks in AD and controls. RESULTS This study was funded by the Chronic Brain Injury Discovery Themes of the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Study enrollment began in April 2018. Study procedures and data analysis are currently underway. Results are expected by December 2019. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will further support the utility of CSF Ng and SNAP-25 as markers of synaptic injury by examining their associations with functional alterations in cortical networks affected by early AD pathology. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/14302

scholarly journals Trzy wymiary użytecznego miasta

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Maciej Błaszak Maciej Błaszak ◽  
Artur Fojud Artur Fojud
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
The City ◽  
The Brain

The paper analyzes three dimensions of the usable city: experiential, functional and rational. These dimensions are connected with three types of mental experiences, respectively, sensational, perceptional and conceptual, and with three neural networks: salience, central executive and default mode. It is argued that sensations refer to the physical space of the city, perceptions to the functional niche of the city, and concepts to the values implemented in the brain and recognized in the urban objects during their usage. The notion of the usable city is tightly connected with the notion of the happy city: three brain networks computing the information about dimensions of the usable city generate three parameters of happiness: pleasure, satisfaction, and one’s potential realization.

scholarly journals Psychotic-like experiences, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and structural properties of the salience, default mode and central-executive networks in healthy participants from UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alloza ◽  
M. Blesa-Cábez ◽  
M.E. Bastin ◽  
J.W. Madole ◽  
C.R. Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Clinical Populations

AbstractSchizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Hallmark psychotic symptoms can be considered as existing on a continuum from non-clinical to clinical populations. Assessing genetic risk and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in non-clinical populations and their associated neurobiological underpinnings can offer valuable insights into symptom-associated brain mechanisms without the potential confounds of the effects of schizophrenia and its treatment. We leveraged a large population-based cohort (UKBiobank) including information on PLEs, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRSSZ) and multi-modal brain imaging in combination with network neuroscience. Morphometric (cortical thickness, volume) and water diffusion (fractional anisotropy) properties of the regions and pathways belonging to the salience, default-mode and central-executive networks were computed. We hypothesized that these anatomical concomitants of functional dysconnectivity would be negatively associated with PRSSZ and PLEs. PRSSZ was significantly associated with a latent measure of cortical thickness across the salience network (r = −0.069, p = 0.010) and PLEs showed a number of significant associations with properties of the salience and default mode networks (involving the insular cortex, supramarginal gyrus and pars orbitalis, pFDR < 0.050); with the cortical thickness of the insula largely mediating the relationship between PRSSZ and auditory hallucinations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that higher genetic liability for schizophrenia is related to subtle disruptions in brain structure and predisposes to PLEs even among healthy participants. In addition, our study suggests that networks engaged during auditory hallucinations show structural associations with PLEs in the general population.

Atypical age-related cortical thinning in episodic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D Chong ◽  
David W Dodick ◽  
Bradley L Schlaggar ◽  
Todd J Schwedt
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Normal Controls

Background Prior studies demonstrate reduced cortical thickness and volume in migraineurs. However, the effect of age on cortical thickness has not been assessed in migraineurs. In this study we investigated whether the process of aging on cortical thickness affects migraineurs differently compared to age-matched healthy controls, i.e. whether aging exacerbates cortical thinning in migraineurs. Methods Cortical thickness was estimated using a general linear model vertex-by-vertex approach for 32 healthy controls (mean age = 35.3 years; SD = 11.6) and 27 episodic migraine patients (mean age = 33.6 years; SD = 12.3). Results were modeled using a main effect analysis to estimate the effect of age on cortical thickness for each group separately, and an age-by-group analysis to estimate differences in age-related cortical thinning between migraine patients and normal controls. Results Although migraineurs and normal controls both have expected age-related thinning in many regions along the cortical mantle, migraineurs have age-related thinning of regions that do not thin in healthy controls, including: bilateral postcentral, right fusiform, and right temporal pole areas. Cortical thinning of these regions is more prominent with advancing age. Conclusion Results suggest that migraine is associated with atypical cortical aging, suggesting that the migraine disease process interacts with aging to affect cortical integrity.

Better Preservation of Cognitive Faculty in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Buoncristiani ◽  
Andrea Alberti ◽  
Giampiero Gubbiotti ◽  
Giuseppe Mazzotta ◽  
Virgilio Gallai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cognitive Faculty ◽  
Neurophysiological Test ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Better Than

We employed the so-called event-correlated potential (ECP) P300, a neurophysiological test which explores the circuits of attention and memory in the brain and is altered in subjects with a dismetabolic or degenerative encephalopathy, in order to evaluate the cognitive faculty in two groups of uremic patients [18 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 15 on hemodialysis (HD)] comparable with respect to age and time on dialysis. The values of latency (msec) of P300 resulted in CAPD patients 356±26 in CZ (central zero electrodes) and 357.5±25 in PZ (parietal zero electrodes), not significantly different from the values in normal controls (341±14.5 in CZ and 340± 15.6 in PZ) and in HD patients postdialysis (354±24.4 in CZ and 354±25.6 in PZ). On the contrary, the predialytic values of HD patients (384±25.6 CZ and 385±25.5 in PZ) were significantly different from the postdialytic values and from the values of CAPD patients and controls (p<0.01). These results support the conclusion that HD Is able to restore a normal cognitive faculty only transiently in the postdialytic phase, while CAPD maintains this important function steadily close to the normal range, thus being clearly better than HD.

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