scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Long-Term Epidural Block in Rats with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianjiao Han ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Youjing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Background. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) causes a variety of systemic disorders that negatively affect the maternal placenta and fetal growth. Epidural sympathetic block elicits symptoms of decreased blood pressure. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effect of long-term epidural block in rats with PIH. Methods. Forty healthy pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups with each group consisting of 10 rats. On gestation day (GD) 14, rats in control group underwent a sham procedure; rats in RUPP group were operated on to obtain reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP); rats in RUPP plus normal saline (NS) group were also subjected to the RUPP procedure and underwent epidural block with 25 μl normal saline twice daily until delivery; rats in RUPP plus epidural block (EB) group were treated as those in RUPP plus NS group except that an epidural block with 25 μl of 0.125% bupivacaine was administered two times per day until delivery. On GD 20, blood pressure was measured in all groups before delivery, and blood samples were collected in order to quantify the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). Results. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of rats in RUPP group (147.6±6.0 mmHg) was markedly increased when compared with control group (80.8±4.6 mmHg) (p<0.05). The MAP of rats in RUPP plus EB group (114.4±7.2 mmHg) was clearly decreased in contrast with RUPP group but was still higher than in control group (p<0.05). The variation of fetal weight in all groups followed a similar trend to that of MAP. However, there were no significant differences between control group and RUPP plus EB group with respect to placental weight (p=0.186). Variation in MAP was positively correlated with the expression of sFlt-1 in each group but was negatively correlated with VEGF. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that long-term epidural block decreases blood pressure in PIH rats and improves the serum concentrations of VEGF and sFlt-1. Taken together, long-term epidural block may have a potential role in PIH treatment.

Sodium—Potassium Pump Activity in Mineralocorticoid- and Glucocorticoid-Induced Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 69s-72s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wambach ◽  
A. Helber ◽  
W. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Kidney Liver

1. The activity of ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-dependent ATPase and ouabain-sensitive ATPase was measured in the microsomal fractions of kidney, liver and heart tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DOCA (10 mg day−1 kg−1 for 6 days, systolic blood pressure 143 ± 13 mmHg, n = 9) or 6 α-methylprednisolone (100 mg day−1 kg−1 for 6 days, systolic blood pressure 140 ± 19 mmHg, n = 9) and of a control group (systolic blood pressure 124 ± 12 mmHg, n = 9). 2. In the kidney, the ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity (μmol of phosphate h−1 mg−1 of protein) was increased in the DOCA-treated (33.0 ± 6.9) and in the prednisolone-treated groups (30.8 ± 6.9) compared with that in the control group (26.4 ± 3.4) (P < 0.05). In the liver, the ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity was elevated in the prednisolone-treated animals only (4.8 ± 1.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.8 in the controls, P < 0.025). The ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity in heart tissue was similar in all three groups. The ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity was not altered by DOCA or prednisolone in the tissues studied. 3. In a separate study, the activity of the ouabain-sensitive Na+,K+-ATPase in erythrocyte ghosts was found to be elevated in 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome (0.91 ± 0.35 μmol of phosphate h−1 mg−1 of protein) compared with five patients with primary aldosteronism and compared with 12 normotensive control subjects (0.38 ± 0.08) (P < 0.005). 4. These data demonstrate an increased Na-K pump activity in the kidney in mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Glucocorticoids in addition activate the Na-K pump in a variety of other tissues. This could partially explain the redistribution of volume from the intracellular to the extracellular space.

scholarly journals Long-Term Administration of Anthraquinone Rhein on Induction of Constipation in Sprague-Dawley Rats via SCF/c-Kit Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Mingdong Huo ◽  
Zhicheng Chen ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background and Study Aims. It has been shown that abuse of laxatives is becoming a serious problem; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of its effect and possible mechanism on colon motility is essential to select effective treatments and avoid their abuse. Herein, we aimed to investigate the long-term stimulation of rhein on induction of constipation in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods. After establishing rat models of constipation, the rats were randomly divided into two equal subgroups and administered daily with normal saline (model control group) or 10 ml/kg PEG4,000 (PEG-treated group). Simultaneously, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered with normal saline (normal group). Physiological and fecal parameters were calculated, and intestinal transmission function was evaluated. After scarification, colonic tissues were freshly prepared for histological localization detected by immunohistochemical analysis and for the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit proteins determined by western blot assay. Results. Following the initiation of rhein-induced rat constipation, body weight was lost slightly, the first time of black stool discharge was obviously longer, and the fecal moisture and number of fecal pellets decreased distinctly as compared with normal group. A decreased expression of SCF and c-kit was detected in model control group in comparison with normal group. Notably, compared with model control group, neither the alterations of fecal parameters and intestinal transmission function were effectively restored, nor the expression of SCF and c-kit was markedly elevated after administration of PEG4,000 for 30 d. Conclusion. Long-term stimulation of rhein can develop the constipation via SCF/c-kit signaling pathway, yet the symptoms of constipation and colon power cannot be alleviated or restored by PEG4,000. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that long-term use of anthraquinone laxatives should be avoided for clinical treatment of constipation.

Abstract 216: Therapeutic Hypothermia Alone and in Combination With Preconditioning Improves Long Term Survival During Resuscitation of Hemorrhagic Shock

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangde Dai ◽  
Jianru Shi ◽  
Juan Carreno ◽  
Robert A Kloner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Combination Study

Background: We investigated the effects of hypothermia treatment alone and in combination with experimental bilateral lower limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in rats undergoing experimental hemorrhagic shock. Previously we showed that RIPC alone improved survival. Methods: In the hypothermia alone study, adult Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized to hypothermia (n=16) or control group (n=15); in a combination study, rats were randomized to hypothermia plus RIPC (n=11) or control group (n=10). Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine. Therapeutic hypothermia (Thermosuit) was started at 5 minutes after mean blood pressure (MBP) reached 30 mmHg. Core temperature was maintained at ~ 32 °C until blood volume was fully restored. RIPC was induced by 4 cycles of inflating small bilateral pressure cuffs to 200 mmHg around the femoral arteries for 5 minutes, followed by 5 minute deflation of the cuffs prior to hemorrhagic shock. In the control group, body temperature was maintained at 37 °C during the procedure. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from the carotid artery. Target mean blood pressure of 30 mmHg was maintained for 30 minutes followed by reinfusion of shed blood within the next 30 min. Rats were allowed recovery and the primary endpoint was survival rate at 6 weeks. Results: In the setting of hypothermia alone, 4 of 15 (26.7 %) rats in the control group and 11 of 16 (68.8 %; p = 0.032) rats in the hypothermia group survived at 6 weeks. In the combination study, 1 of 10 (10 %) rats in the control group and 7 of 11 (63.6 %; p = 0.024) rats in the hypothermia plus RIPC group survived at 6 weeks. Kaplan Meier Survival Curves are shown in Fig1. Conclusions: Hypothermia alone and combination with RIPC significantly improved long term survival in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Hypothermia and RIPC did not show survival rates greater than hypothermia alone.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiping Xiang ◽  
Xuegui Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIHS). Methods: Total 118 pregnant women with PIHS who were admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to June 2018 were randomly divided into control group (59 cases) and observation group (59 cases). The observation group was treated by magnesium sulfate in combination with nifedipine, while the control group was treated by magnesium sulfate. The therapeutic effect, serum leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Apelin level, blood pressure, blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and Umbilical Artery Resistance Index (UARI) were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate of the observation group was 94.9%, higher than 83.1% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease of blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and UARI in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The improvement of serum LIF and Apelin levels in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of PIHS has a significant effect, which can effectively control edema, blood pressure, proteinuria and protect kidney. It is worth clinical promotion. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.706 How to cite this:Xiang C, Zhou X, Zheng X. Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):21-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.706 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiping Xiang ◽  
Xuegui Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIHS). Methods: Total 118 pregnant women with PIHS who were admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to June 2018 were randomly divided into control group (59 cases) and observation group (59 cases). The observation group was treated by magnesium sulfate in combination with nifedipine, while the control group was treated by magnesium sulfate. The therapeutic effect, serum leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Apelin level, blood pressure, blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and Umbilical Artery Resistance Index (UARI) were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate of the observation group was 94.9%, higher than 83.1% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease of blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and UARI in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The improvement of serum LIF and Apelin levels in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of PIHS has a significant effect, which can effectively control edema, blood pressure, proteinuria and protect kidney. It is worth clinical promotion. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.706How to cite this:Xiang C, Zhou X, Zheng X. Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.706 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Serum Uric Acid Level as a Predictive Biomarker of Gestational Hypertension Severity; A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hader I. Sakr ◽  
Akef A. Khowailed ◽  
Reham S. Al-Fakharany ◽  
Dina S. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Ahmed A. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Control Study

Background: Pre-eclampsia poses a significant potential risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, a leading cause of maternal deaths. Hyperuricemia is associated with adverse effects on endothelial function, normal cellular metabolism, and platelet aggregation and adhesion. This study was designed to compare serum urate levels in normotensive pregnant women to those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and to evaluate its value as a potential predictive marker of hypertension severity during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective, observational, case-control study conducted on 100 pregnant women in their third trimester. Pregnant women were classified into two groups (n=50) according to arterial blood pressure measurements: group I had normal blood pressure, and group II had a blood pressure of ≥ 140/90, which was further subdivided according to hypertension severity into IIa (pregnancy- induced hypertension, IIb (mild pre-eclampsia), and IIc (severe pre-eclampsia). Blood samples were obtained on admission. Serum urate, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β levels, and lipid profile were compared among the groups. Results: A significant increase in the mean values of serum urate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin- 1β levels was detected in gestational hypertensives. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serum urate levels and C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β, as well as between serum urate levels and hypertension severity. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia and increased C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β serum levels correlate with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and these biomarkers may play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Serum urate measurement is sensitive, reliable markers that correlate well with the severity of hypertension in pregnant females with pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals Increased superoxide levels in ganglia and sympathoexcitation are involved in sarafotoxin 6c-induced hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. R1546-R1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Li ◽  
Xiaoling Dai ◽  
Stephanie Watts ◽  
David Kreulen ◽  
Gregory Fink
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Endothelin (ET) type B receptors (ETBR) are expressed in multiple tissues and perform different functions depending on their location. ETBR mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation, clearance of circulating ET, and diuretic effects; all of these should produce a fall in arterial blood pressure. However, we recently showed that chronic activation of ETBR in rats with the selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) causes sustained hypertension. We have proposed that one mechanism of this effect is constriction of capacitance vessels. The current study was performed to determine whether S6c hypertension is caused by increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The model used was continuous 5-day infusion of S6c into male Sprague-Dawley rats. No changes in superoxide anion levels in arteries and veins were found in hypertensive S6c-treated rats. However, superoxide levels were increased in sympathetic ganglia from S6c-treated rats. In addition, superoxide levels in ganglia increased progressively the longer the animals received S6c. Treatment with the antioxidant tempol impaired S6c-induced hypertension and decreased superoxide levels in ganglia. Acute ganglion blockade lowered blood pressure more in S6c-treated rats than in vehicle-treated rats. Although plasma norepinephrine levels were not increased in S6c hypertension, surgical ablation of the celiac ganglion plexus, which provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the splanchnic organs, significantly attenuated hypertension development. The results suggest that S6c-induced hypertension is partially mediated by sympathoexcitation to the splanchnic organs driven by increased oxidative stress in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia.

Incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Women and its Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3307-3309
Author(s):  
Samia Saifullah ◽  
Maryam Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽  
Nosheen Sikander Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a fetal disease resulting into morbidity and mortality of female as well as its neonate. Objective: To find the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Pakistani women. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st March 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Seven hundred and twenty eight females were identified with pregnancy induced hypertension from all the pregnant women attending the outdoor were enrolled. Each female was checked for their protein urea as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to standard operating protocol. Socio-demographic, clinical and family history were documented. Results: Among all pregnant women, 150 were identified as pregnancy induced hypertensive with a 20.6% incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension. The mean value systolic blood pressure value was 144.3±5.2 and of diastolic as 83.1±5.2 in pregnancy induced hypertension women. Conclusion: Family history, obesity and renal diseases are the main factors associated with pregnancy induced hypertension with an incidence of 20.6% among pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Body mass index, Pregnant women, Hypertension

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