Provider Confidence in Counseling Preconception, Pregnant, and Postpartum Patients Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination

Objective: To assess knowledge and confidence in COVID-19 vaccine counseling among practitioners who provide care to pregnant persons and to describe factors associated with confidence in counseling. Study Design: A web-based anonymous survey was distributed via email to a cross-sectional convenience sample of OB/GYN, Primary Care, and Internal Medicine faculty at three hospitals in a single healthcare network in Massachusetts. Individual demographics and institution-specific variables were included in the survey along with questions assessing both attitudes toward COVID-19 illness in pregnancy as well as confidence in counseling regarding the use of the vaccine for pregnant patients. Results: Almost all providers (151, 98.1%) reported already receiving or being scheduled to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, and a majority of providers (111, 72.1%) reported that they believe the benefits of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy outweigh the risks. Forty-one (26.6%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who primarily speak English about the evidence for mRNA vaccination in pregnancy, and 36 (23%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who are not primarily English-speaking. Forty-three providers (28.1%) expressed strong confidence in their comfort talking to individuals with vaccine hesitancy based on historic and continued racism and systemic injustices. The sources that survey respondents most commonly used to find information regarding COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy were the CDC (112, 74.2%), hospital-specific resources (94, 62.3%) and ACOG (82, 54.3%). Conclusion: While providers reported high personal uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and felt that the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks in pregnancy, less than one-third felt very confident in counseling pregnant patients about available evidence for mRNA vaccine safety in pregnancy. Ensuring that providers feel comfortable bridging the gap between their belief that the vaccine is beneficial for pregnant patients and their comfort with holding conversations with patients regarding vaccination is paramount in order to ensure equitable access to vaccines for pregnant patients. Keywords Pregnancy, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19, prenatal, postpartum, preconception, vaccine counseling

Incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Women and its Associated Factors

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a fetal disease resulting into morbidity and mortality of female as well as its neonate. Objective: To find the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Pakistani women. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st March 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Seven hundred and twenty eight females were identified with pregnancy induced hypertension from all the pregnant women attending the outdoor were enrolled. Each female was checked for their protein urea as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to standard operating protocol. Socio-demographic, clinical and family history were documented. Results: Among all pregnant women, 150 were identified as pregnancy induced hypertensive with a 20.6% incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension. The mean value systolic blood pressure value was 144.3±5.2 and of diastolic as 83.1±5.2 in pregnancy induced hypertension women. Conclusion: Family history, obesity and renal diseases are the main factors associated with pregnancy induced hypertension with an incidence of 20.6% among pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Body mass index, Pregnant women, Hypertension

Penyuluhan Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan di Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar

ABSTRAK Pada umumnya 80-90 % kehamilan akan berlangsung normal dan hanya 10-12 % kehamilan yang disertai dengan penyulit atau berkembang menjadi kehamilan patologis. Kehamilan patologis tidak terjadi secara mendadak karena kehamilan dan efeknya terhadap organ tubuh berlangsung secara bertahap dan berangsur-angsur. Deteksi dini gejala dan tanda bahaya selama kehamilan merupakan upaya terbaik untuk mencegah terjadinya gangguan yang serius terhadap kehamilan ataupun keselamatan ibu hamil. Tujuan setelah penyuluhan ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesehatan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan agar dapat dideteksi sesegera mungkin guna mencegah kenaikan AKI dan AKB di Puskesmas Jumpandang baru. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan dalam bentuk penyampaian materi dan lefleat. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan pada masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil di Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar. Kata kunci: Tanda bahaya kehamilan, Kehamilan ABSTRACT In general, 80-90% of pregnancies will proceed normally and only 10-12% of pregnancies are accompanied by complications or develop into pathological pregnancies. Pathological pregnancy does not occur suddenly because pregnancy and its effect on the organs of the body are gradual and gradual. Early detection of symptoms and danger signs during pregnancy is the best effort to prevent serious interference with pregnancy or the safety of pregnant women. The aim after this counseling is that it is expected to increase public health and knowledge, especially for pregnant women, about Pregnancy Danger Signs so that they can be detected as soon as possible in order to prevent an increase in MMR and IMR at the new Jumpandang Baru Makassar Health Center. The activities carried out are in the form of counseling in the form of delivery of material and leaflet. There is an increase in knowledge and abilities about the danger signs of pregnancy in the community, especially pregnant women at the Jumpandang Baru Makassar Health Center. Keywords: Pregnancy Danger Sign, pregnant

Frequency of Backache and its Management in Pregnant Women Attending IUH OPD

Objective: Frequency of backache and its treatment among pregnant women attending Isra University Hospital (IUH) OPD. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Out patient’s department of obstetrics\Gynaecology Isra hospital Hyderabad from February 2019 to Augusts 2019. A total of 80 pregnant women irrespective of their age, marital and literary status, visiting out-patient department of Isra University were included. All the females were assessed regarding backache and its treatment at gynaecological OPD. All the information was recorded via study proforma. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 180 pregnant women were studied, and most of the women 40% were in age group of 31-40 years. Out of all, 22.2% women were primigravida, 40.6% were multigravidas and 36.7% women were grand multigravidas. The history of backache before pregnancy was among 20% of the females and 62.2% of women had developed backache during pregnancy, while 12.8% women had no complaint of backache. Out of 121 females who had backache during pregnancy, 28.30% had an onset of pain during 1st trimester, in 23.30% during 2nd trimester and in 48.30% during 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Out of all 32.20% women got relieved by taking rest, 63.90% women took analgesics as a treatment measure and 3.3% women took some other treatment options. Conclusion: It was observed that the more than 60% of all pregnant women experienced backache and mostly during 3rd trimester. Most of the females took treatment in the form of analgesics and some women got relieved by taking rest. Keywords: Pregnancy, backache, Management

A Review of Issues Concerning the Support for Fathers During Pregnancy: Research Trends in Japan

Objective: To identify future issues in the development and implementation of support programs for fathers with the aim of preventing child abuse, we reviewed the domestic literature to determine the characteristics of support for fathers during pregnancy and identify research trends.Methods: The domestic literature was searched on January 31, 2021, using the Central Journal of Medicine ver. 5.0. The search yielded 110 original articles and nursing literature using the keywords “pregnancy & father” and “pregnancy & husband,” wherein 100 articles with abstracts were found, excluding conference proceedings. The abstracts were then checked, and finally, 27 were included in this analysis.Results: In the articles collected, the following themes were extracted: “satisfaction from the experience of child-rearing skills from pregnancy,” “relationship between marital intimacy and relationship to mother and child from pregnancy,” “role adjustment between work and home from pregnancy,” and “vague imagination and anxiety from pregnancy.”Conclusion: During pregnancy, the deepening of the relationship between the mother and father, who is still adjusting to become a father, can affect the quality of the relationship between the mother and the child. Thus, the challenge is to develop support programs that will further strengthen the relationship between the husband and wife.

Challenges Facing during Pregnancy and Measures to Overcome

Pregnancy is a time of transformation for both the mother and the baby, with significant physical and emotional changes. There are many discomforts that occur during pregnancy. Morning sickness, headache and backache, bladder and bowel changes, changes in hair and skin colour, indigestion and heartburn, leg cramps and swelling, vaginal thrush and discharge are the few common complications facing during pregnancy. As a result, the aim of this study was to describe the difficulties in obtaining health information and the measures to overcome the discomfort during pregnancy. Research articles for this review were searched by using the keywords “pregnancy”, health issues”, “measures to overcome”, “challenges”. There were studies that looked at the health problems that women face during pregnancy were included in this review article. Pregnancy issues such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, preeclampsia, caesarean birth, and postpartum weight retention are all more likely in overweight and obese women. More research into the link between nutritional advancements and the rising prevalence of GDM in the developing world is needed. Iron supplementation has been linked to glucose dysregulation and hypertension in mid-pregnancy; its effectiveness and potential risks should be carefully considered. As a result, legislators and health planners should remove barriers, promote self-care, and improve the quality of life for pregnant women, ultimately improving their health.

DYNAMICS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DAMAGE AND PECULIARITIES OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Pregnancy is a critical period for a woman's dental health and is characterized by changes in the level and structure of oral diseases. The course of pregnancy is a significant psycho-emotional, immunological and metabolic burden for the female body. Complex psycho-physiological changes in the body during pregnancy are accompanied by pronounced disorders of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of periodontal tissue damage during pregnancy and to identify the peculiarities of different methods of prophylactic and therapeutic and preventive measures. A comprehensive dental study was conducted in 170 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years according to the WHO methodology. The results of the study indicate a significant prevalence (according to the PMA index) of periodontal pathology among pregnant women,the severity of which increases with age and gestational age (from 41.7% to 78.8%). The severity of disease (according to the CPITN index) was clinically characterized by bleeding gums (45.56%), dental plaque and calculus (30.55%), and periodontal pockets (13.57%). The highest incidence of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues occurs in the second trimester, and the critical increase - in the third trimester, indicating the need for a differentiated approach in choosing the timing of preventive examinations of pregnant women and developing differentiated treatment and preventive programs based on the prevailing dental pathologies. Keywords: Pregnancy, periodontal pathology, dental status

Edukasi Persiapan Persalinan Pada Pasangan Hamil Dalam Menyambut Persalinan Minim Trauma

ABSTRAK Psikologis ibu dalam hal ini kecemasan dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan persalinan. Edukasi persalinan dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan ibu dalam menghadapi persalinan secara fisik dan khususnya persiapan psikologis. Edukasi dianggap cara terbaik dalam mempersiapkan persalinan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan pasangannya di PMB Jeanne Kota Depok. Metode yang digunakan adalah presentasi dan simulasi pada kelas ibu hamil, dilakukan juga variasi kegiatan secara outdoor dan indoor agar penyampaian lebih menarik. Hasil dari kegiatan ini efektif, terlihat antusias peserta dalam mengajukan pertanyaan. Peserta edukasi menyatakan lebih siap dan mengerti dalam menghadapi persalinan. Diharapkan kelas edukasi dapat dilaksanakan secara periodik sehingga lebih banyak lagi pasangan yang teredukasi dan siap menghadapi kehamilan dan persalinan dengan nyaman dan minim trauma. Kata kunci: kehamilan; pendidikan saat hamil; edukasi persalinan ABSTRACT Psychologically, in this case, anxiety can affect the progress of labor. Childbirth education is carried out to prepare mothers for physical delivery and especially psychological preparation. Education is considered the best way to prepare for labor. This activity aims to increase knowledge of pregnant couples at PMB Jeanne Depok City. The methods used are presentations and class simulations for pregnant women, as well as a variety of outdoor and indoor activities so that the delivery was more interesting. The results of this activity were effective, it was seen that the participants were enthusiastic in asking questions. Educational participants were more prepared and understanding in dealing with childbirth. It is hoped that education classes can be carried out periodically so that more couples are educated and ready to face pregnancy and childbirth comfortably and with minimal trauma. Keywords: pregnancy; education during pregnancy; childbirth education

Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Early Trimester Pregnancies

Background and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SAR-CoV-2) had severe consequences and complications on the global health care system. Recent medical studies have been focused on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancies outcomes especially early pregnancies. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic early-trimester pregnancies. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 76 women who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology department for the first and second-trimester viability scan at Government Hospital, Samnabad Lahore from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Individuals of age between 19 years and 40 years with a diagnosis of spontaneous miscarriage were enrolled in this study. Ethical approval was taken from the respective hospital's ethical review committee. Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss, induced miscarriage, and other co-morbidities were excluded. All the demographic details were taken from the hospital medical record. All the patients underwent routine baseline tests to confirm the COVID-19 history and its impacts on the early trimester of pregnancy. The outcomes of early trimester pregnancy were viable pregnancy, miscarriage, pregnancy loss, and ectopic pregnancy were calculated in terms of frequency and percentage. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age study group patients was 28.72± 3.63 years. The control group comprised 57 pregnant women with a gestational age of 5 weeks to 11 weeks, and the mean maternal age was 34.83±4.91 years. Out of total pregnant women, 31 (40.7%) were of age 19-25 years old, 29 (38.2%) had age 25 to 30 years, and 31 to 40 years were 16 (21.1%). Of the total 76 pregnant women, about 41 (54%) had a miscarriage with positive COVID-19 tests and 24 (31.6%) had spouses who had COVID-19 positive tests. History of both spouse and personal positive COVID tests were eleven patients (14.4%). The incidence of miscarriage among control group was 10 (17.5%). Conclusion: Our study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects the rate of pregnancy loss during the early trimester (first and second pregnancy). The maternal viremia or vertical transmission caused early trimester pregnancy loss and maternal infection during COVID-19. Keywords: Pregnancy, Miscarriage, COVID-19 Pandemic

KEHAMILAN TETAP SEHAT DI MASA PANDEMI

ABSTRAKKehamilan merupakan proses yang normal, alamiah yang diawali dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin intrauteri, dimulai sejak konsepsi sampai bersalin dan lamanya kehamilan normal adalah 280 hari (40 minggu atau 9 bulan 7 hari) di hitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir.Pada masa Kehamilan ibu hamil agar dapat mempersiapkan diri pada kesehatan ibu hamil dengan menjaga nutrisi selama proses kehamilannya. Ibu hamil wajib memeriksakan kehamilannya agara ibu hamil dapat mengetahui dan mencegah sedini mungkin kelainan yang dapat terjadi, meningkatkan kondisi badan ibu dalam menghadapi kehamilan serta mendapatkan penyuluhan yang diperlukan selama kehamilan. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil mampu menjaga kesehatannya selama kehamilan di masa pandemi. Kegiatan-kegiatan ini mencakup teori dan praktek yang meliputi : (1) Pendidikan Kesehatan yang dilakukan secara online; (2) Praktik Senam Ibu Hamil yang dilakukan Melalui Vidio; dengan melibatkan mahasiswa Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu pada saat pelaksanaan. Melalui kegiatan ini, diharapkan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dapat menyadari pentingnya kesehatan bagi ibu hamil walaupun dimasa pandemi ini. Kata kunci: kehamilan; nutrisi; senam hamil ABSTRACTPregnancy is a normal, natural process that begins with the growth and development of the intrauterine fetus. It starts from conception to delivery and the normal length of pregnancy is 280 days (40 weeks or 9 months 7 days) on the first day of the last menstruation. During pregnancy, pregnant women can prepare themselves for the health of pregnant women by maintaining nutrition during the pregnancy process. Pregnant women are required to have their pregnancy checked so that pregnant women can find out and prevent possible abnormalities that can occur, improve the condition of the mother's body in facing pregnancy and get the necessary counseling during pregnancy. Through this activity, it is expected that the community, especially pregnant women, will be able to maintain their health during pregnancy during a pandemic. These activities include theory and practice as follows: (1) Health Education which will be conducted online; (2) Exercise for Pregnant Women through Video; by involving the students of Aisyah University of Pringsewu during the implementation. In the other hand, it can realize the importance of health for pregnant women even during this pandemic. Keywords: pregnancy; nutrition; pregnancy exercise